MORTALITY DETERMINANTS IN CARDIOGENIC SHOCK FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
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Keywords
Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardiogenic Shock, Mortality Determinants, Comorbidities, Clinical Outcomes
Abstract
Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) secondary to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical condition that significantly elevates mortality risk. Understanding the determinants of mortality in these patients is essential for improving outcomes.
Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, from December 2018 to June 2019. A total of 144 patients diagnosed with AMI-induced CS were included through non-probability consecutive sampling. Data on demographic profiles (age, gender) and clinical characteristics (presence of diabetes, hypertension) were collected. Mortality outcomes were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The study revealed an in-hospital mortality rate of 36.8%. Mortality was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.05), female gender (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), and hypertension (p < 0.001). Notably, females and patients with comorbid diabetes or hypertension exhibited higher mortality rates. Age stratification further highlighted that patients over 60 years faced worse outcomes compared to younger cohorts.
Conclusion: The high mortality rate among AMI patients developing CS underscores the influence of age, gender, and comorbid conditions as key determinants. These findings suggest a critical need for tailored management strategies that address these risk factors more aggressively to enhance survival rates. Future research should explore intervention strategies that mitigate these risks and evaluate their effectiveness in multicenter trials to generalize findings.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Zafar Iqbal
Post Fellow Cardiac Imaging, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi Pakistan.
Abdul Rahman
FCPS Cardiology, Post Fellow Critical Care Medicine, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi Pakistan
Rabel Hassan
Diagnostic Radiology Resident, Dr.Ruth K.M.Pfau/ Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan
Deepak Lal
FCPS Cardiology, National Insititute of Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiologist at Zayed Military Hospital Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Asim Ali
Post Fellow Interventional Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi, Pakistan
Aneel Ahmed
Post Fellow in Cardiac Imaging, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi Pakistan.