EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PIPER NIGRUM AND CUMINUM CYMINUM EXTRACTS ON BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM THROAT INFECTION
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Keywords
Piper nigrum, Cuminum cyminum, Throat pathogens, Antibiotics, Methanolic extract, Bacteria isolates, Antibacterial Activity
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their extracts have been used as traditional remedies to treat differenttypes of infectious diseases. The throat infection is the inflammation of respiratory tissues, which is mostly caused by bacterial pathogens. The Piper nigrum and Cuminum cyminum are aromatic, famous valuable medicinal plants which are found in Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka and China, and are used as traditional systems of medicine like Ayurvedic and Unani System of medicines. This research study has explored the antibacterial activity of these two plants. The aim of our research study was, to evaluation of antibacterial activity of Piper nigrum and Cuminum cyminum extracts on clinical bacterial isolates from throat. By using polythene bag, both plants powders were obtained from local market of District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and extracted with methanol. In this study, a total of 50 respiratory throat clinical samples were obtained as randomly from the students of Abasyn University Peshawar, by using sterilized swab. Out of 50 (100%) samples, 17 (34%) were positive, while 33 (66%) were negative for bacterial isolates. Among positive cases, 10 (58.82%) were female, while 7 (41.17%) were from male students of all ages. The bacteria were isolated and identified by using culture plate method and different biochemical tests. The sample were further subjected for antibiogram analysis. A total of 5 different antibiotics like; Amoxicillin, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and Vancomycin were used. According to the findings, Vancomycin showed highest zone of inhibition against S. epidermidis (24mm) followed by S. aureus (22mm), S. pyogenes (21mm), and while showed resistance to E. coli (8mm), respectively. Whereas, amoxicillin showed highest activity against S. pyogenes (25mm), followed by S. aureus (23mm), S. epidermidis (20mm) and E. coli (19mm). Likewise, ceftizoxime was showed intimidate activity against E. coli (30mm), S. aureus (25mm) and (24mm) zones were observed against S. pyogenes and S. epidermidis, respectively. Although, ciprofloxacin inhibited the tested bacteria with zone of; E. coli (28mm), S. epidermidis (26mm) and S. aureus (24mm), while showed resistance to S. pyogenes (20mm). Similarly, ceftriaxone was more effective against E. coli (30mm), presented intimidated activity against S. pyogenes (32mm), while showed resistance with zone of (20mm) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Furthermore, the methanolic extracts of both plants showed good antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Therefore, it is concluded from the present study that both plants extracts possess different bioactive constituent on which showed a good antibacterial activity.
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Amjad Khan
Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan
Nain Taara Bukhari
Department of Microbiology, Women University Swabi, Pakistan
Wajhat Ullah
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Manshera, Pakistan
Iqbal Nisa
Department of Microbiology, Women University Swabi, Pakistan
Hamid Ali Khan
Directorate of ORIC, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhunkhwa, Pakistan
khudiji Ghani
Department of Biotechnology University of SBK Women’s University Quetta
Muhammad Akber
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Manshera, Pakistan
Maha Jawariy
Sarhad Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology
Noman khan
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Manshera, Pakistan
Kainat Sadiq Jan
Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan
Muhammad Akber
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Manshera, Pakistan
Maha Jawariya
Department of Biotechnology University of SBK Women’s University Quetta
Noman khan
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Manshera, Pakistan
Sidra Farooq
Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan