HERBAL MEDICINE IN DERMATOPHYTES SEPTICITY
Main Article Content
Keywords
dermatophytes, antifungal activity, fungitoxicity, herbs[medicinal plants]
Abstract
- millions of people each year are affected by dermatophytes, which are the most frequent cause of fungal infections worldwide. The emergence of resistance among dermatophytes and the availability of antifungal susceptibility tests appropriate for testing antifungal agents against this group of fungi make the combinatorial approach particularly interesting to be investigated. As a result, we examined the scientific literature on antifungal combinations that are effective against dermatophytes. A pubmed search of the relevant literature produced 68 publications: 37 articles mentioning in vitro studies and 31 articles mentioning case reports or clinical studies. More than 400 clinical isolates of dermatophytes (mostly trichophyton spp., microsporum spp., and 2% epidermophyton floccosum) were used in in vitro studies. Combinations included two antifungal substances or an antifungal substance plus a second chemical substance, such as plant extracts
References
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2. Weitzman I , summerbell rc. The dermatophytes. Clinical microbiology reviews. 1995; 8(2); 240-59.
3. Baldo a, monod m, mathy a, cambier l, bagut et, defaweux v, symoens f, antoine n, mignon b. Mechanisms of skin adherence and invasion by dermatophytes. Mycoses; 2012; 55(3); 218-23.
4. Gürcan, S., Tikveşli, M., Eskiocak, M., Kilic, H. & Otkun, M. Investigation of the agents and risk factors of dermatophytosis: A hospital-based study. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 42, 95–102 (2008).
5. Weitzman i, summerbell rc. The dermatophytes. Clinical microbiology reviews. 1995;8(2);240-59.
6. Rippon, j. W. The changing epidemiology and emerging patterns of dermatophyte species. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol; 1985; (1);209–234.
7. Kwon-chung, k. J., and j. E. Bennett. Medical mycology. Lea and febige; Philadelphia; 1992.
8. Shah, p. C., s. Krajden, j. Kane, and r. C. Summerbell. Tinea corporis caused by microsporum canis: report of a nosocomial outbreak. Eur. J. Epidemiol; 1988; (4); 33–38.
9. Hernandez-perez, e. Bifonazole cream: once-a-day application everysecond day in tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Dermatological; 1984;169(1):93–98.
10. Summerbell, r. C., j. Kane, and s. Krajden. Onychomycosis, tineapedis, and tinea manuum caused by non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi; mycoses; 1989; (32); 609–619.
11. Ajello, l. Present day concepts in the dermatophytes. Mycopathol. mycol. Appl; 1962; (17); 315–324.
12. Savin, r. Successful treatment of chronic tinea pedis (moccasin type)with terbinafine (lamisil). Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 1989; (14); 116–119.
13. urn H, Wadhwa R. Itraconazole. [Updated 2023 Apr 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
14. Govindarajan A, Bistas KG, Ingold CJ, et al. Fluconazole. [Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
15. Maxfield L, Preuss CV, Bermudez R. Terbinafine. [Updated 2023 May 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
16. Sinawe H, Casadesus D. Ketoconazole. [Updated 2023 Jun 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
17. Amadi, L.O. (2020): A review of Antimicrobial properties of Alum and Sundry Applications. Acta Sci. Microbiol., 3(4): 109-117.
18. Brenner E. Human body preservation - old and new techniques. J Anat. 2014 Mar;224(3):316-44.
19. Acharya, Vaidya Jadvji Trikamji editor. Commentary Nibandasangraha of Dalhana. on Susrutha Samhitha of Sushruta. Nidanasthana. Varanasi: Choukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2009. p. 333
20. Flaman Z, Pellechia-Clarke S, Bailey B, McGuigan M. Unintentional exposure of young children to camphor and eucalyptus oils. Paediatr Child Health. 2001 Feb;6(2):80-3
21. Natarajan v, push Kala s, karuppiah vp and prasad pvs: anti-dermatophytic activity of azadirachta indica (neem) by in-vitro study. Indian j pathol microbiol; 2002; 45(3): 311-13.
22. Ledezma e, desousa l and jorquera a: efficacy of ajoene, an organosulphur derived from garlic, in the shortterm therapy of tinea pedis. Mycoses; 1996; 39(9-10):393- 95.
23. Hee yoyn chee and min hee lee: antifungal activity of clove essential oil and its volatile vapor against dermatophyte fungi. Mycobiology; 2007; 35(4): 241-43.
24. Kasem mj, wuthi-udomlert ms and gritsanapan w: antidermatophytic properties of a turmerone, turmeric oil and curcuma longa preparations. Isrn dermatology; 2013.
25. Ferdowsi h, afshar s and rezakhani a: a comparison between the routine treatment of equine dermatophytosis and treatment with garlic- aloe vera gel. International research journal of applied and basic sciences; 2012; 3(2); 2258-61.
26. Buck ds, nidorf dm and addino jg: comparison of two topical preparations for the treatment of onychomycosis: melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and clotrimazole. J fam practice; 1994; 38: 601-05.
27. Inouye s, uchida k and abe s: vapour activity of 72 essential oils against trichophyton mentagrophytes. The journal of infection and chemotherapy; 2006; 12:210-16.
28. r.r. hegde, a. Verma, a. Ghosh, microemulsion: new insights into the ocular drug delivery, isrn pharmaceutics; 2013; 826-798.
29. G.w. lu, p. Gao, chapter 3 - emulsions and microemulsions for topical and transdermal drug delivery, in: v.s. kulkarni (ed.), handbook of non-invasive drug delivery systems, william andrew publishing, boston, 2010, 59–94.
30. D.n. karunaratne, g. Pamunuwa, u. Ranatunga, introductory chapter: microemulsions, in: d.n. karunaratne, g. Pamunuwa, u. Ranatunga (eds.), properties and uses of microemulsions, intechopen, 2017.
31. A. Simonazzi, a.g. cid, m. Villegas, a.i. romero, s.d. palma, j.m. Bermudez, chapter 3 - nanotechnology applications in drug-controlled release, in: a.m. grumezescu (ed.), drug targeting and stimuli sensitive drug delivery systems, william andrew publishing, 2018, 81–116.
32. Kiromah nz, sugihartini n, nurani lh. development and characterization of clove oil microemulsion. Pharmacia. 2023; 70(1); 233-41.
33. Heisey, r. M. & gorham, a. b. K. antimicrobial effect of plant extracts on streptococcus mutans, candida albicans, trichophyton rubrum and other microorganisms. Lett appl. Microbiology 14; 1992; 136–139.
34. Caceres, a., lopez, b. R., giron, m. A. & logemann, h. plants used in guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 1. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 31, 263–276.
35. Guerin, j. C. & reveillere, h. antifungal activity of plant extracts used in therapy. I. Study of 41 plant extracts against 9 fungi species. Annuaire pharmaceutique francais; 1984; 42; 553–559.
36. Al-abed, a. S., qasem, j. R. & abu-blan, h. A. antifungal effects of some common wild plant species on certain plant pathogenic fungi. Dirasat (pure appl. Sciences); 1993; 20, 149–158.
37. Al-abed, a. S. possible antifungal effects of aqueous extracts and residues of some common wild plant species on certain plant pathogenic fungi. Msc thesis. University of jordan; 1992.
38. Qasem, j. R. & abu-blan, h. A. antifungal activity of aqueous extracts from some common weed species ann. Appl. Biology 1995; 127; 215–219.
39. Giddey k, favre b, quadroni m, monod m. Closely related dermatophyte species produce different patterns of secreted proteins. Fems microbiol lett. 2007; 267(1):95-101.
40. Jha SK, Karki R, Venkatesh DP, Geethalakshami A. formulation development & characterization of micrpemultion. International journal drug development and research 2011; 3(4); 336-43
41. Teklebirhan G, Bitew A. Prevalence of dermatophytic infection and the spectrum of dermatophytes in patients attending a ter tiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2015.
42. Hainer BL. Dermatophyte infections. Am Fam Phys. 2003;67:101–8.
43. Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M. Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Mycoses. 2008;51:2–15.
44. venugopal PV, Venugopal TV. Tinea capitis in Saudi Arabia. Int J Dermatol. 1993;32:39–40
45. Abanmi A, Bakheshwain S, El Khizzi N, Zouman AR, Hanti rah S, Al Harthi F, et al. Characteristics of superfcial fungal infections in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Int J Derma tol. 2008;47:229–35.
46. Al-Sogair SM, Moawad MK, Al-Humaidan YM. Fungal infec tion as a cause of skin disease in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: tinea pedis and tinea manuum: Pilzinfektionen als Ursache von Hautkrankheiten in der Ostprovinz Saudi-Arabi ens: Tinea pedis und Tinea manuum. Mycoses. 1991;34:339–44.
47. . Sahoo A, Mahajan R. Management of tinea corporis, tinea cru ris, and tinea pedis: A comprehensive review, Indian. Dermatol Online J. 2016;7:77
48. Yehia MA, El-Ammawi TS, Al-Mazidi KM, El-Ela MAA, Al-Ajmi HS. The spectrum of fungal infections with a special reference to dermatophytoses in the Capital area of Kuwait during 2000–2005: A retrospective analysis. Mycopathologia. 2010;169:241–6.
49. Kölemen F, Gawad AA, Anter S, Kubba R. Dermatophytic Flora of the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 1984;4:313–5
50. Khaled JM, Golah HA, Khalel AS, Alharbi NS, Mothana RA. Dermatophyte and non dermatophyte fungi in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015;22:604–9
51. Karaoui R, Selim M, Mousa A. Incidence of dermatophytosis in Kuwait. Sabouraudia. 1979;17:131–7
2. Weitzman I , summerbell rc. The dermatophytes. Clinical microbiology reviews. 1995; 8(2); 240-59.
3. Baldo a, monod m, mathy a, cambier l, bagut et, defaweux v, symoens f, antoine n, mignon b. Mechanisms of skin adherence and invasion by dermatophytes. Mycoses; 2012; 55(3); 218-23.
4. Gürcan, S., Tikveşli, M., Eskiocak, M., Kilic, H. & Otkun, M. Investigation of the agents and risk factors of dermatophytosis: A hospital-based study. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 42, 95–102 (2008).
5. Weitzman i, summerbell rc. The dermatophytes. Clinical microbiology reviews. 1995;8(2);240-59.
6. Rippon, j. W. The changing epidemiology and emerging patterns of dermatophyte species. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol; 1985; (1);209–234.
7. Kwon-chung, k. J., and j. E. Bennett. Medical mycology. Lea and febige; Philadelphia; 1992.
8. Shah, p. C., s. Krajden, j. Kane, and r. C. Summerbell. Tinea corporis caused by microsporum canis: report of a nosocomial outbreak. Eur. J. Epidemiol; 1988; (4); 33–38.
9. Hernandez-perez, e. Bifonazole cream: once-a-day application everysecond day in tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Dermatological; 1984;169(1):93–98.
10. Summerbell, r. C., j. Kane, and s. Krajden. Onychomycosis, tineapedis, and tinea manuum caused by non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi; mycoses; 1989; (32); 609–619.
11. Ajello, l. Present day concepts in the dermatophytes. Mycopathol. mycol. Appl; 1962; (17); 315–324.
12. Savin, r. Successful treatment of chronic tinea pedis (moccasin type)with terbinafine (lamisil). Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 1989; (14); 116–119.
13. urn H, Wadhwa R. Itraconazole. [Updated 2023 Apr 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
14. Govindarajan A, Bistas KG, Ingold CJ, et al. Fluconazole. [Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
15. Maxfield L, Preuss CV, Bermudez R. Terbinafine. [Updated 2023 May 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
16. Sinawe H, Casadesus D. Ketoconazole. [Updated 2023 Jun 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023
17. Amadi, L.O. (2020): A review of Antimicrobial properties of Alum and Sundry Applications. Acta Sci. Microbiol., 3(4): 109-117.
18. Brenner E. Human body preservation - old and new techniques. J Anat. 2014 Mar;224(3):316-44.
19. Acharya, Vaidya Jadvji Trikamji editor. Commentary Nibandasangraha of Dalhana. on Susrutha Samhitha of Sushruta. Nidanasthana. Varanasi: Choukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2009. p. 333
20. Flaman Z, Pellechia-Clarke S, Bailey B, McGuigan M. Unintentional exposure of young children to camphor and eucalyptus oils. Paediatr Child Health. 2001 Feb;6(2):80-3
21. Natarajan v, push Kala s, karuppiah vp and prasad pvs: anti-dermatophytic activity of azadirachta indica (neem) by in-vitro study. Indian j pathol microbiol; 2002; 45(3): 311-13.
22. Ledezma e, desousa l and jorquera a: efficacy of ajoene, an organosulphur derived from garlic, in the shortterm therapy of tinea pedis. Mycoses; 1996; 39(9-10):393- 95.
23. Hee yoyn chee and min hee lee: antifungal activity of clove essential oil and its volatile vapor against dermatophyte fungi. Mycobiology; 2007; 35(4): 241-43.
24. Kasem mj, wuthi-udomlert ms and gritsanapan w: antidermatophytic properties of a turmerone, turmeric oil and curcuma longa preparations. Isrn dermatology; 2013.
25. Ferdowsi h, afshar s and rezakhani a: a comparison between the routine treatment of equine dermatophytosis and treatment with garlic- aloe vera gel. International research journal of applied and basic sciences; 2012; 3(2); 2258-61.
26. Buck ds, nidorf dm and addino jg: comparison of two topical preparations for the treatment of onychomycosis: melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and clotrimazole. J fam practice; 1994; 38: 601-05.
27. Inouye s, uchida k and abe s: vapour activity of 72 essential oils against trichophyton mentagrophytes. The journal of infection and chemotherapy; 2006; 12:210-16.
28. r.r. hegde, a. Verma, a. Ghosh, microemulsion: new insights into the ocular drug delivery, isrn pharmaceutics; 2013; 826-798.
29. G.w. lu, p. Gao, chapter 3 - emulsions and microemulsions for topical and transdermal drug delivery, in: v.s. kulkarni (ed.), handbook of non-invasive drug delivery systems, william andrew publishing, boston, 2010, 59–94.
30. D.n. karunaratne, g. Pamunuwa, u. Ranatunga, introductory chapter: microemulsions, in: d.n. karunaratne, g. Pamunuwa, u. Ranatunga (eds.), properties and uses of microemulsions, intechopen, 2017.
31. A. Simonazzi, a.g. cid, m. Villegas, a.i. romero, s.d. palma, j.m. Bermudez, chapter 3 - nanotechnology applications in drug-controlled release, in: a.m. grumezescu (ed.), drug targeting and stimuli sensitive drug delivery systems, william andrew publishing, 2018, 81–116.
32. Kiromah nz, sugihartini n, nurani lh. development and characterization of clove oil microemulsion. Pharmacia. 2023; 70(1); 233-41.
33. Heisey, r. M. & gorham, a. b. K. antimicrobial effect of plant extracts on streptococcus mutans, candida albicans, trichophyton rubrum and other microorganisms. Lett appl. Microbiology 14; 1992; 136–139.
34. Caceres, a., lopez, b. R., giron, m. A. & logemann, h. plants used in guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 1. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 31, 263–276.
35. Guerin, j. C. & reveillere, h. antifungal activity of plant extracts used in therapy. I. Study of 41 plant extracts against 9 fungi species. Annuaire pharmaceutique francais; 1984; 42; 553–559.
36. Al-abed, a. S., qasem, j. R. & abu-blan, h. A. antifungal effects of some common wild plant species on certain plant pathogenic fungi. Dirasat (pure appl. Sciences); 1993; 20, 149–158.
37. Al-abed, a. S. possible antifungal effects of aqueous extracts and residues of some common wild plant species on certain plant pathogenic fungi. Msc thesis. University of jordan; 1992.
38. Qasem, j. R. & abu-blan, h. A. antifungal activity of aqueous extracts from some common weed species ann. Appl. Biology 1995; 127; 215–219.
39. Giddey k, favre b, quadroni m, monod m. Closely related dermatophyte species produce different patterns of secreted proteins. Fems microbiol lett. 2007; 267(1):95-101.
40. Jha SK, Karki R, Venkatesh DP, Geethalakshami A. formulation development & characterization of micrpemultion. International journal drug development and research 2011; 3(4); 336-43
41. Teklebirhan G, Bitew A. Prevalence of dermatophytic infection and the spectrum of dermatophytes in patients attending a ter tiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2015.
42. Hainer BL. Dermatophyte infections. Am Fam Phys. 2003;67:101–8.
43. Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M. Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Mycoses. 2008;51:2–15.
44. venugopal PV, Venugopal TV. Tinea capitis in Saudi Arabia. Int J Dermatol. 1993;32:39–40
45. Abanmi A, Bakheshwain S, El Khizzi N, Zouman AR, Hanti rah S, Al Harthi F, et al. Characteristics of superfcial fungal infections in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Int J Derma tol. 2008;47:229–35.
46. Al-Sogair SM, Moawad MK, Al-Humaidan YM. Fungal infec tion as a cause of skin disease in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: tinea pedis and tinea manuum: Pilzinfektionen als Ursache von Hautkrankheiten in der Ostprovinz Saudi-Arabi ens: Tinea pedis und Tinea manuum. Mycoses. 1991;34:339–44.
47. . Sahoo A, Mahajan R. Management of tinea corporis, tinea cru ris, and tinea pedis: A comprehensive review, Indian. Dermatol Online J. 2016;7:77
48. Yehia MA, El-Ammawi TS, Al-Mazidi KM, El-Ela MAA, Al-Ajmi HS. The spectrum of fungal infections with a special reference to dermatophytoses in the Capital area of Kuwait during 2000–2005: A retrospective analysis. Mycopathologia. 2010;169:241–6.
49. Kölemen F, Gawad AA, Anter S, Kubba R. Dermatophytic Flora of the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 1984;4:313–5
50. Khaled JM, Golah HA, Khalel AS, Alharbi NS, Mothana RA. Dermatophyte and non dermatophyte fungi in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2015;22:604–9
51. Karaoui R, Selim M, Mousa A. Incidence of dermatophytosis in Kuwait. Sabouraudia. 1979;17:131–7
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Dec 25, 2023
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Jeet Patel, Ms. Krupa Vyas, & Dr. Pragnesh Patani. (2023). HERBAL MEDICINE IN DERMATOPHYTES SEPTICITY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 1178–11187. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3815
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Author Biographies
Jeet Patel
Khyati college of pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
Ms. Krupa Vyas
Khyati college of pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
Dr. Pragnesh Patani
Khyati college of pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad