Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Aloe Vera and Neem Leaf Extract and their Cytotoxic Effect evaluation
Main Article Content
Keywords
silver nanoparticle, aloe vera, neem, cytotoxic effect, innovation
Abstract
Background: Traditional processes are used to create nanoparticles. Hazardous compounds are required as capping agents to maintain stability, resulting in environmental toxicity. As a result, "green synthesis" is required. As a result, the goal of this study was to see how cytotoxic selenium nanoparticles supplemented with aloe vera and neem leaf extract were used. The various medicinal properties of neem and aloe vera prompted us to use them both.
Aim: Aim of the study was green preparation of silver nanoparticles from aloe vera and neem leaf extracts and to check its cytotoxicity evaluation.
Material and methods: Cytotoxic effect of prepared selenium nanoparticles from banana stem was assessed using Brine Shrimp Assay respectively at 5 μL, 10 μL, 20 μL, 40 μL and 80μL.
Results: The selenium nanoparticle is safe to use in dental materials up to a concentration of 20 μL. Although cytotoxicity was observed at 40μL and 80μL concentrations.
Conclusion: Within the scope of the study, it is possible to conclude that selenium nanoparticles can be used safely in concentrations of up to 20μL.
References
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13. Sandanasamy JD (2013) Fatty Acid Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Oil. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal 4:43–48
14. Mahmood MS, Shahid Mahmood M (2018) Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Bark Extract against Newcastle Disease Virus. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 38:25–28
15. Alzohairy MA (2016) Therapeutics Role ofAzadirachta indica(Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016:1–11
16. Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP (2020) Pharmacological Update Properties of and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061324
17. Pradeep AR, Garg V, Raju A, Singh P (2016) Adjunctive Local Delivery of Aloe Vera Gel in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 87:268–274
18. Yeturu SK, Acharya S, Urala AS, Pentapati KC (2016) Effect of Aloe vera, chlorine dioxide, and chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque and gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 6:54–58
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21. Sheriff KAH, Ahmed Hilal Sheriff K, Santhanam A (2018) Knowledge and Awareness towards Oral Biopsy among Students of Saveetha Dental College. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 11:543
22. Markov A, Thangavelu L, Aravindhan S, Zekiy AO, Jarahian M, Chartrand MS, Pathak Y, Marofi F, Shamlou S, Hassanzadeh A (2021) Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a valuable source for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 12:192
23. Jayaraj G, Ramani P, Herald J. Sherlin, Premkumar P, Anuja N (2015) Inter-observer agreement in grading oral epithelial dysplasia – A systematic review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 27:112–116
24. Paramasivam A, Priyadharsini JV, Raghunandhakumar S, Elumalai P (2020) A novel COVID-19 and its effects on cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 43:729–730
25. Li Z, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK, et al (2020) Apoptotic induction and anti-metastatic activity of eugenol encapsulated chitosan nanopolymer on rat glioma C6 cells via alleviating the MMP signaling pathway. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 203:111773
26. Gan H, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Zheng L, Xie X, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK (2019) Zingerone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and prevents 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in experimental rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 33:e22387
27. Dua K, Wadhwa R, Singhvi G, et al (2019) The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress. Drug Dev Res 80:714–730
28. Mohan M, Jagannathan N (2014) Oral field cancerization: an update on current concepts. Oncol Rev 8:244
29. Agarwal S, Ashok V, Maiti S, Agarwal V (2022) Dentists’ Preference toward Fixed Versus Removable Implant Prosthesis on Edentulous Jaws to Improve Quality of Life. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 33:83–89
30. Kushali R, Maiti S, Girija SAS, Jessy P (2022) Evaluation of Microbial Leakage at Implant Abutment Interfact for Different Implant Systems: An In Vitro Study. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 32:87–93
31. Aparna J, Maiti S, Jessy P (2021) Polyether ether ketone - As an alternative biomaterial for Metal Richmond crown-3-dimensional finite element analysis. J Conserv Dent 24:553–557
32. Ponnanna AA, Maiti S, Rai N, Jessy P (2021) Three-dimensional-Printed Malo Bridge: Digital Fixed Prosthesis for the Partially Edentulous Maxilla. Contemp Clin Dent 12:451–453
33. Venugopalan S, R S, N T, Maiti S (2022) An Analysis of Implant Prosthesis and Its Dynamic Occlusal Contacts. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 33:1–7
34. Merchant A, Ganapathy DM, Maiti S (2022) Effectiveness of local and topical anesthesia during gingival retraction. Brazilian Dental Science 25:e2591
35. Agarwal S, Ashok V, Maiti S (2020) Open- or Closed-Tray Impression Technique in Implant Prosthesis: A Dentist’s Perspective. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 30:193–198
36. Agarwal V, Nallaswamy D, Suresh V, Ganapathy D, Sivasamy V, Agarwal S (2022) Effectiveness Of Cad Cam Milled Vs Dmls Titanium Framework for Hybrid Denture Prosthesis - A Systematic Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 544–571
37. Kanagesan S, Aziz SBA, Hashim M, Ismail I, Tamilselvan S, Alitheen NBBM, Swamy MK, Purna Chandra Rao B (2016) Synthesis, Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation of Manganese Ferrite (MnFe2O4) Nanoparticles for Their Biocompatibility with Murine Breast Cancer Cells (4T1). Molecules 21:312
38. Alim-Al-Razy M, Asik Bayazid GM, Rahman RU, Bosu R, Shamma SS (2020) Silver nanoparticle synthesis, UV-Vis spectroscopy to find particle size and measure resistance of colloidal solution. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1706:012020
39. Mohapatra S, Leelavathi L, Rajeshkumar S, D. SS, P. J (2020) Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Clove and Cinnamon Formulation - An In-Vitro Study. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 9:1859–1864
40. Rajan S, Marimuthu K, Balaji Ayyanar C, Khan A, Siengchin S, Rangappa SM (2022) In-vitro cytotoxicity of zinc oxide, graphene oxide, and calcium carbonate nano particulates reinforced high-density polyethylene composite. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 18:921–930
41. El-Rafie HM, Abd El-Aziz SM, Zahran MK (2022) In vitro cytotoxicity against breast cancer using biogenically synthesized gold and iron oxide nanoparticles derived from the
hydroethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis L. Chemical Papers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02464-x
42. Francis T, Rajeshkumar S, Roy A, Lakshmi T (2020) Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effect of Arrow Root Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles. Pharmacognosy Journal 12:1363–1367
43. Chandran SP, Chaudhary M, Pasricha R, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2006) Synthesis of Gold Nanotriangles and Silver Nanoparticles Using Aloe vera Plant Extract. Biotechnology Progress 22:577–583
44. Sadowski Z (2013) Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using plant extracts. Green biosynthesis of nanoparticles: mechanisms and applications 79–91
45. Mariychuk R, Yakovlieva V, Porubska J, Eliasova A, Lisnyak VV (2019) Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Extract of Blackcurrant. 2019 International Council on Technologies of Environmental Protection (ICTEP). https://doi.org/10.1109/ictep48662.2019.8968965
46. (2015) Plant extract synthesized silver nanoparticles: An ongoing source of novel biocompatible materials. Ind Crops Prod 70:356–373
47. Krishnaraj C, Jagan EG, Ramachandran R, Abirami SM, Mohan N, Kalaichelvan PT (2012) Effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. plant growth metabolism. Process Biochemistry 47:651–658
48. Deka NJ, Nath R, Tamuly S, Hazorika M, Pegu SR, Deka SM (2021) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaves extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) and assessment of its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2021.10.1.17
49. Bahuguna G, Kumar A, Mishra NK, Kumar C, Bahlwal A, Chaudhary P, Singh R (2016) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous petal extract of the medicinal plantCombretum indicum. Materials Research Express 3:075003
2. Rico CM, Majumdar S, Duarte-Gardea M, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2011) Interaction of Nanoparticles with Edible Plants and Their Possible Implications in the Food Chain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59:3485–3498
3. Shanmugam R, Subramaniam R, Kathirason SG, Ali D, Balusamy SR, Gurusamy A, Arunachalam K, Sellami H (2021) Curcumin-Chitosan Nanocomposite Formulation Containing -Mediated Silver Nanoparticles, Wound Pathogen Control, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Biomed Res Int 2021:3091587
4. Nicolae-Maranciuc A, Chicea D, Chicea LM (2022) Ag Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications-Synthesis and Characterization-A Review. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105778
5. Hussain CM (2018) Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications. Elsevier
6. Okafor F, Janen A, Kukhtareva T, Edwards V, Curley M (2013) Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, Their Characterization, Application and Antibacterial Activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10:5221–5238
7. Kathiraven T, Sundaramanickam A, Shanmugam N, Balasubramanian T (2015) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine algae Caulerpa racemosa and their antibacterial activity against some human pathogens. Applied Nanoscience 5:499–504
8. Orbaek AW, McHale MM, Barron AR (2015) Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for an Undergraduate Laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education 92:339–344
9. Sathyavathi R, Balamurali Krishna M, Venugopal Rao S, Saritha R, Narayana Rao D (2010) Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Coriandrum Sativum Leaf Extract and Their Application in Nonlinear Optics. Advanced Science Letters 3:138–143
10. Gardea-Torresdey JL, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa JR, Parsons JG, Troiani H, Jose-Yacaman M (2003) Alfalfa Sprouts: A Natural Source for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. Langmuir 19:1357–1361
11. Umashankari J, Inbakandan D, Ajithkumar TT, Balasubramanian T (2012) Mangrove plant, Rhizophora mucronata (Lamk, 1804) mediated one pot green synthesis of silver nanoparticlesand its antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens. Aquatic Biosystems. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-9063-8-11
12. Hoque MDM, Mahfuzul Hoque MD, Bari ML, Inatsu Y, Juneja VK, Kawamoto S (2007) Antibacterial Activity of Guava (Psidium guajavaL.) and Neem (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss.) Extracts Against Foodborne Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 4:481–488
13. Sandanasamy JD (2013) Fatty Acid Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Oil. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal 4:43–48
14. Mahmood MS, Shahid Mahmood M (2018) Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Bark Extract against Newcastle Disease Virus. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 38:25–28
15. Alzohairy MA (2016) Therapeutics Role ofAzadirachta indica(Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016:1–11
16. Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP (2020) Pharmacological Update Properties of and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061324
17. Pradeep AR, Garg V, Raju A, Singh P (2016) Adjunctive Local Delivery of Aloe Vera Gel in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 87:268–274
18. Yeturu SK, Acharya S, Urala AS, Pentapati KC (2016) Effect of Aloe vera, chlorine dioxide, and chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque and gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 6:54–58
19. Neelakantan P, Grotra D, Sharma S (2013) Retreatability of 2 mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealers: a cone-beam computed tomography analysis. J Endod 39:893–896
20. Aldhuwayhi S, Mallineni SK, Sakhamuri S, Thakare AA, Mallineni S, Sajja R, Sethi M, Nettam V, Mohammad AM (2021) Covid-19 Knowledge and Perceptions Among Dental Specialists: A Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 14:2851–2861
21. Sheriff KAH, Ahmed Hilal Sheriff K, Santhanam A (2018) Knowledge and Awareness towards Oral Biopsy among Students of Saveetha Dental College. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 11:543
22. Markov A, Thangavelu L, Aravindhan S, Zekiy AO, Jarahian M, Chartrand MS, Pathak Y, Marofi F, Shamlou S, Hassanzadeh A (2021) Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a valuable source for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 12:192
23. Jayaraj G, Ramani P, Herald J. Sherlin, Premkumar P, Anuja N (2015) Inter-observer agreement in grading oral epithelial dysplasia – A systematic review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 27:112–116
24. Paramasivam A, Priyadharsini JV, Raghunandhakumar S, Elumalai P (2020) A novel COVID-19 and its effects on cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 43:729–730
25. Li Z, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK, et al (2020) Apoptotic induction and anti-metastatic activity of eugenol encapsulated chitosan nanopolymer on rat glioma C6 cells via alleviating the MMP signaling pathway. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 203:111773
26. Gan H, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Zheng L, Xie X, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK (2019) Zingerone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and prevents 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in experimental rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 33:e22387
27. Dua K, Wadhwa R, Singhvi G, et al (2019) The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress. Drug Dev Res 80:714–730
28. Mohan M, Jagannathan N (2014) Oral field cancerization: an update on current concepts. Oncol Rev 8:244
29. Agarwal S, Ashok V, Maiti S, Agarwal V (2022) Dentists’ Preference toward Fixed Versus Removable Implant Prosthesis on Edentulous Jaws to Improve Quality of Life. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 33:83–89
30. Kushali R, Maiti S, Girija SAS, Jessy P (2022) Evaluation of Microbial Leakage at Implant Abutment Interfact for Different Implant Systems: An In Vitro Study. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 32:87–93
31. Aparna J, Maiti S, Jessy P (2021) Polyether ether ketone - As an alternative biomaterial for Metal Richmond crown-3-dimensional finite element analysis. J Conserv Dent 24:553–557
32. Ponnanna AA, Maiti S, Rai N, Jessy P (2021) Three-dimensional-Printed Malo Bridge: Digital Fixed Prosthesis for the Partially Edentulous Maxilla. Contemp Clin Dent 12:451–453
33. Venugopalan S, R S, N T, Maiti S (2022) An Analysis of Implant Prosthesis and Its Dynamic Occlusal Contacts. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 33:1–7
34. Merchant A, Ganapathy DM, Maiti S (2022) Effectiveness of local and topical anesthesia during gingival retraction. Brazilian Dental Science 25:e2591
35. Agarwal S, Ashok V, Maiti S (2020) Open- or Closed-Tray Impression Technique in Implant Prosthesis: A Dentist’s Perspective. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 30:193–198
36. Agarwal V, Nallaswamy D, Suresh V, Ganapathy D, Sivasamy V, Agarwal S (2022) Effectiveness Of Cad Cam Milled Vs Dmls Titanium Framework for Hybrid Denture Prosthesis - A Systematic Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 544–571
37. Kanagesan S, Aziz SBA, Hashim M, Ismail I, Tamilselvan S, Alitheen NBBM, Swamy MK, Purna Chandra Rao B (2016) Synthesis, Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation of Manganese Ferrite (MnFe2O4) Nanoparticles for Their Biocompatibility with Murine Breast Cancer Cells (4T1). Molecules 21:312
38. Alim-Al-Razy M, Asik Bayazid GM, Rahman RU, Bosu R, Shamma SS (2020) Silver nanoparticle synthesis, UV-Vis spectroscopy to find particle size and measure resistance of colloidal solution. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1706:012020
39. Mohapatra S, Leelavathi L, Rajeshkumar S, D. SS, P. J (2020) Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Clove and Cinnamon Formulation - An In-Vitro Study. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 9:1859–1864
40. Rajan S, Marimuthu K, Balaji Ayyanar C, Khan A, Siengchin S, Rangappa SM (2022) In-vitro cytotoxicity of zinc oxide, graphene oxide, and calcium carbonate nano particulates reinforced high-density polyethylene composite. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 18:921–930
41. El-Rafie HM, Abd El-Aziz SM, Zahran MK (2022) In vitro cytotoxicity against breast cancer using biogenically synthesized gold and iron oxide nanoparticles derived from the
hydroethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis L. Chemical Papers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-022-02464-x
42. Francis T, Rajeshkumar S, Roy A, Lakshmi T (2020) Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effect of Arrow Root Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles. Pharmacognosy Journal 12:1363–1367
43. Chandran SP, Chaudhary M, Pasricha R, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2006) Synthesis of Gold Nanotriangles and Silver Nanoparticles Using Aloe vera Plant Extract. Biotechnology Progress 22:577–583
44. Sadowski Z (2013) Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using plant extracts. Green biosynthesis of nanoparticles: mechanisms and applications 79–91
45. Mariychuk R, Yakovlieva V, Porubska J, Eliasova A, Lisnyak VV (2019) Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Extract of Blackcurrant. 2019 International Council on Technologies of Environmental Protection (ICTEP). https://doi.org/10.1109/ictep48662.2019.8968965
46. (2015) Plant extract synthesized silver nanoparticles: An ongoing source of novel biocompatible materials. Ind Crops Prod 70:356–373
47. Krishnaraj C, Jagan EG, Ramachandran R, Abirami SM, Mohan N, Kalaichelvan PT (2012) Effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. plant growth metabolism. Process Biochemistry 47:651–658
48. Deka NJ, Nath R, Tamuly S, Hazorika M, Pegu SR, Deka SM (2021) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaves extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) and assessment of its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2021.10.1.17
49. Bahuguna G, Kumar A, Mishra NK, Kumar C, Bahlwal A, Chaudhary P, Singh R (2016) Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous petal extract of the medicinal plantCombretum indicum. Materials Research Express 3:075003
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Jun 1, 2023
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Joshua Narde, Nabeel Ahmed, Subhabrata Maiti, S Rajeshkumar, & Dhanraj Ganapathy. (2023). Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Aloe Vera and Neem Leaf Extract and their Cytotoxic Effect evaluation. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(12), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.12.020
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