DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF TYPHIDOT TEST FOR CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER KEEPING BONE MARROW CULTURE AS GOLD STANDARD
Main Article Content
Keywords
diagnostic accuracy, typhidot test,, clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, bone marrow culture, gold standard
Abstract
Background: Typhoid fever is a symptomatic bacterial illness, also called as enteric fever. The culture of organisms has long been the gold standard for diagnosis despite the fact that a variety of quick tests have been developed, results are accessible considerably fast than in culture and need little technical expertise or cost. These include several tests, such as the well-known Widal test and Typhidot.
Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of typhidot test for clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever keeping bone marrow culture as gold standard
Methodology: The current study was cross-sectional study, carried out at the Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College/ Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta. The duration of the study was six months from January 2023 to June 2023. 2cc blood sample was taken for the patients and was sent to laboratory for typhidot test investigation while bone marrow samples was taken in the procedure room of medical Department and was sent to laboratory for culture investigation. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 17.
Results: In the current study, totally 178 patients were enrolled. The male patients were 103(58%) whereas female patients were 75(42%). The mean age (SD) in the current study was 30 (±11.26) years. Based on the diagnostic accuracy of typhidot test, sensitivity was 18.96%, specificity was 25%, PPV was 91.66%, NPV was 0.74% and the diagnostic accuracy was 19.10%.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that typhidot test had sensitivity 18.96%, specificity 25%, PPV 91.66%, NPV 0.74%, diagnostic accuracy 19.10% in typhoid fever diagnosis by keeping bone marrow culture as gold standard.
Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of typhidot test for clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever keeping bone marrow culture as gold standard
Methodology: The current study was cross-sectional study, carried out at the Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College/ Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta. The duration of the study was six months from January 2023 to June 2023. 2cc blood sample was taken for the patients and was sent to laboratory for typhidot test investigation while bone marrow samples was taken in the procedure room of medical Department and was sent to laboratory for culture investigation. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 17.
Results: In the current study, totally 178 patients were enrolled. The male patients were 103(58%) whereas female patients were 75(42%). The mean age (SD) in the current study was 30 (±11.26) years. Based on the diagnostic accuracy of typhidot test, sensitivity was 18.96%, specificity was 25%, PPV was 91.66%, NPV was 0.74% and the diagnostic accuracy was 19.10%.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that typhidot test had sensitivity 18.96%, specificity 25%, PPV 91.66%, NPV 0.74%, diagnostic accuracy 19.10% in typhoid fever diagnosis by keeping bone marrow culture as gold standard.
References
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11. Andrews JR, Ryan ET. Diagnostics for invasive Salmonella infections: current challenges and future directions. Vaccine. 2015;33:C8-C15.
12. Bhutta ZA. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever. BMJ. 2006;333(7558):78-82.
13. Fadeel MA, House BL, Wasfy MM, Klena JD, Habashy EE, Said MM, et al. Evaluation of a newly developed ELISA against Widal, TUBEX-TF and Typhidot for typhoid fever surveillance. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2011;5(03):169-75.
14. Javed H, Hussain K, Bashir T, Ijaz U, Khoso I. Diagnostic accuracy of typhidot in patients of typhoid fever. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2018;68(5):1215-18.
15. Khalid M, Ayesha S, Iftikhar Haider N, Mohammad Faisal I, Osama S, Nida Faisal I. Typhidot: a blessing or a menace. 2015.
16. Sohail M, Nazeer A, Azhar S, Irfan G, Abrar S, Khan M. Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Typhidot Test Against Blood Culture in Diagnosis of Enteric Fever. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022;16(10):297-.
17. Bukhari N, Saleem A, Jabbar A, Khan SN, Ahmad B, Habib N, et al. Frequency of typhoid fever and its association with seasonal variations in Taxila, Pakistan. Asian Pacific journal of tropical disease. 2016;6(8):608-10.
2. Crump JA. Typhoid fever and the challenge of nonmalaria febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 1107-9.
3. Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL. Typhoid fever. Lancet. 2015;385(9973):1136-45.
4. Lunguya O, Phoba M-F, Mundeke SA, Bonebe E, Mukadi P, Muyembe J-J, et al. The diagnosis of typhoid fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012;106(6):348-55.
5. O’woma OO, Chigozirim UP, Gloria NU. Prevalence of malaria and typhoid fever co-infection: knowledge, attitude and management practices among residents of Obuda-Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. Am J Public Health. 2015;3(4):162-6.
6. Siba V, Horwood PF, Vanuga K, Wapling J, Sehuko R, Siba PM, et al. Evaluation of serological diagnostic tests for typhoid fever in Papua New Guinea using a composite reference standard. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012;19(11):1833-7.
7. De D, Sunilbala K, Mondal AR, Singh KI. Evaluation of Typhidot test in diagnosis of typhoid fever in children in RIMS hospital. J Dental Med Sci. 2016;15(12):19-21.
8. Mehmood K, Sundus A, Naqvi IH, Ibrahim MF, Siddique O, Ibrahim NF. Typhidot-A blessing or a menace. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2015;31(2):439.
9. Darton TC, Blohmke CJ, Pollard AJ. Typhoid epidemiology, diagnostics and the human challenge model. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014;30(1):7-17.
10. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(5):346-53.
11. Andrews JR, Ryan ET. Diagnostics for invasive Salmonella infections: current challenges and future directions. Vaccine. 2015;33:C8-C15.
12. Bhutta ZA. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever. BMJ. 2006;333(7558):78-82.
13. Fadeel MA, House BL, Wasfy MM, Klena JD, Habashy EE, Said MM, et al. Evaluation of a newly developed ELISA against Widal, TUBEX-TF and Typhidot for typhoid fever surveillance. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2011;5(03):169-75.
14. Javed H, Hussain K, Bashir T, Ijaz U, Khoso I. Diagnostic accuracy of typhidot in patients of typhoid fever. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2018;68(5):1215-18.
15. Khalid M, Ayesha S, Iftikhar Haider N, Mohammad Faisal I, Osama S, Nida Faisal I. Typhidot: a blessing or a menace. 2015.
16. Sohail M, Nazeer A, Azhar S, Irfan G, Abrar S, Khan M. Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Typhidot Test Against Blood Culture in Diagnosis of Enteric Fever. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022;16(10):297-.
17. Bukhari N, Saleem A, Jabbar A, Khan SN, Ahmad B, Habib N, et al. Frequency of typhoid fever and its association with seasonal variations in Taxila, Pakistan. Asian Pacific journal of tropical disease. 2016;6(8):608-10.
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Feb 28, 2024
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How to Cite
Tahira, Taqdees Zahra, Tariq Mehmood, & Samreen Bugti. (2024). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF TYPHIDOT TEST FOR CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER KEEPING BONE MARROW CULTURE AS GOLD STANDARD. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 10133-10138. https://doi.org/10.53555/54s82k55
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Author Biographies
Tahira
Assistant professor, Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College/ Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta
Taqdees Zahra
Assistant Professor Medicine Department, Bolan Medical College/ Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta
Tariq Mehmood
Medicine PGMI/sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayyed al nehan Hospital, Quetta
Samreen Bugti
Assistant professor, Department of medicine, Bolan medical college/ Bolan medical complex hospital Quetta
How to Cite
Tahira, Taqdees Zahra, Tariq Mehmood, & Samreen Bugti. (2024). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF TYPHIDOT TEST FOR CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER KEEPING BONE MARROW CULTURE AS GOLD STANDARD. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 10133-10138. https://doi.org/10.53555/54s82k55