METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) AND DETECTION OF RESISTANT GENES IN COW MILK FROM SOUTHERN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Methicillin, Staphylococcus aureus, mecA, Subclinical mastitis, Genes, Pakistan
Abstract
The present study was conducted on bovine mastitis in three tehsils of district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 124 cow milk samples were collected randomly and were screened for presence of subclinical mastitis through surf field mastitis test (SFMT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and microbiological procedures to isolate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, the disc diffusion technique was applied, and the isolate of positive S. aureus was phenotypically assessed for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The overall results showed that out of 124 milk samples, 16.93% (21/124) were found positive for subclinical mastitis on the Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). Further, amongst these 21 positive samples, 8 (38.09%) samples were found positive for S. aureus when swabbed on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Through PCR, the resistant genes were amplified and identified. In each of these 8 positive samples, genes were examined for mecA, tetK, etA, etB, fbe, embP, and IS256. Additionally, good results were found for mecA, fbe, embP, and IS256. The S. aureus isolates displayed 100% resistance to Erythromycin,followed by Cefoxitin, Cefradin and Augmentin (75%); Ciprofloxacin(62.5 %);Gentamicin (50%);Clindamycin (50%) followed by Amikacin and Tigecycline who showed 25% resistance. Vancomycin and Linezolid were the only antibiotics that shown zero resistance and were discovered to be susceptible to study isolates.
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Mubasher Ullah
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
Asad Ullah
College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan
Tayyaba Ilyas
Government Girls Degree College (GGDC), No. 1, Hayatabad, Peshawar
Sohrab Ahmad
Department of Basic Sciences, Khan Bahadur Chaudhary Mushtaq Ahmad (KBCMA) College of Veterinary and Animal Science Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
Tahira Tayyeb
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
Mansoor Ahmad
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
Rafiq Ullah
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
Aziz Ullah Khan
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
Muhammad Hanif
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200 Pakistan
Muhammad Owais Khan
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Muneeb Islam
Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Raheela Taj
Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS), University of Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Ali Gohar
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (CVS & AH), Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Muhammad Sadeeq
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Swat 19200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.