EFFECT OF ROSELLE ANTHOCYANIN EXTRACT ON GUT MICROBIOTA AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN CYPRINUS CARPIO AND CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA
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Keywords
Anthocyanin, Immunomodulator, Microbiota, Antioxidant, Thrombosis, Microbial counting
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella are widely cultivated in polyculture where high stocking density and uncontrolled use of variety of antibiotics which cause severe disease outbreaks, posing risks to both fish and consumer health status. These risks can be overcome by using roselle anthocyanin extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa, known for its antibacterial, immunomodulator and antioxidant properties used to overcome these risks. The study aimed to investigate the effect of roselle anthocyanin extract on gut microbiota and immune response in C. carpio and C. idella. For this purpose, 40 samples of each of C. carpio and C. idella, were collected from fish farms and subsequently divided into control group fish fed commercial feed, while the experimental group fish fed roselle anthocyanin extract for 60 days. Survival rates, bacterial cultures, hematological parameters, and immunological assays were analyzed. The different treatments were compared using the Two-way factorial ANOVA. Results showed that roselle anthocyanin significantly (p<0.05) increased WBCs, while decreasing platelet counts and gut microbial counts in both fish species compared to controls. In the experimental group, WBCs, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils were non-significant (p>0.05) between the species, but lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, and microbial counts showed significant differences (p<0.05). Roselle anthocyanin prevented thrombosis by stabilizing platelet activity due to its antioxidant properties, improved intestinal morphology, boosted the immune response by increasing white blood cell counts, and promoted beneficial microorganisms while inhibiting harmful bacteria. The study concluded that roselle anthocyanin enhances intestinal health, immunity, and mitigates thrombotic events in both C. carpio and C. idella.
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Muhammad Ahmad
Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
Shakeela Parveen
Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Fayyaz Rasool
Department of Zoology, Faisalabad Campus, University of Education, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Amina Ayub
3Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Depalpur Okara Campus, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Shahid Mahmood
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
Zeeshan Ashraf
Department of Zoology, Faisalabad Campus, University of Education, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Shumaila Maryam
Department of Zoology, Faisalabad Campus, University of Education, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Tahreem Fatima
Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
Kashif Manzoor
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore