EXPLORING INDIAN HERBS FOR CONSTIPATION RELIEF: A COMPRENSIVE REVIEW.
Main Article Content
Keywords
constipation, Indian herbs, Digestive disorders, Pathophysiology, Defecations
Abstract
Constipation is a typical gastrointestinal problem influencing people around the world. Constipation is a characterized by a number of gastrointestinal symptoms, including trouble passing stool, firm stool, and the sensation of incomplete evacuation. This study means to explore the possible alleviation of clogging side effects through the usage of customary Indian spices. The rich legacy of Indian customary medication offers a plenty of home grown cures known for their stomach related benefits. This exploration digs into the adequacy and systems of these spices in advancing standard defecations and easing constipation related uneasiness
References
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2. Norton 1996 Norton C. The causes and nursing management of constipation. British Journal of Nursing 1996; 3:1252–8
3. Higgins PD, Johanson JF. Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(4):750–759.
4. Bharucha AE, Pemberton JH, Locke GR. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):218–238.
5. Choung RS, Locke GR, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ. Cumulative incidence of chronic constipation: a population-based study 1988–2003. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(11–12):1521–1528.
6. Talley NJ, Fleming KC, Evans JM, et al. Constipation in an elderly community: a study of prevalence and potential risk factors. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91(1):19–25
7. Wald A, Scarpignato C, Mueller-Lissner S, et al. A multinational survey of prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with self-defined constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(7):917–930.
8. Longstreth GF. Functional bowel disorders: functional constipation. In: Drossman DA, editor. The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. 3rd ed. Lawrence, KS: Allen Press; 2006. pp. 515–523.
9. Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. Physician visits in the United States for constipation: 1958 to 1986. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34(4):606–611.
10. Bongers ME, Benninga MA, Maurice-Stam H, Grootenhuis MA. Health-related quality of life in young adults with symptoms of constipation continuing from childhood into adulthood. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009; 7:20.
11. Wang JP, Duan LP, Ye HJ, Wu ZG, Zou B. Assessment of psychological status and quality of life in patients with functional constipation. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2008;47(6):460–463. Chinese
12. Locke GR III, Pemberton JR, Phillips SF. American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: Guidelines on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2000; 119:1761–1766.
13. LongstrethGF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, et al. Functional bowel disorders [published correction appears in Gastroenterology. 2006; 131:688]. Gastroenterology. 2006; 130:1480–1491.
14. Wade WE, Spruill WJ. Diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. In: Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill; 2008:624.
15. Chin A, Paw MJ, van Poppel MN, van Mechelen W. Effects of resistance and functional-skills training on habitual activity and constipation among older adults living in long-term care facilities: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2006; 6:9.
16. Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, Liang HC, et al. Do elderly persons need to be encouraged to drink more fluids J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55:M361–M365.
17. Tuteja AK, Talley NJ, Joos SK, et al. Is constipation associated with decreased physical activity in normally active subjects? Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:124–129
18. Meshkinpour H, Selod S, Movahedi H, et al. Effects of regular exercise in management of chronic idiopathic constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 1998; 43:2379–2383.
19. Sleisenger, Marvin (2010). Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 9781437727678.
20. Andrews CN, Storr M (2011). "The pathophysiology of chronic constipation". Can J Gastroenterol. 25 Suppl B: 16B–21B. PMC 3206564. PMID 22114753.
21. Southwell BR, Clarke MC, Sutcliffe J, Hutson JM (2009). "Colonic transit studies: normal values for adults and children with comparison of radiological and scintigraphic methods". Pediatr. Surg. Int. 25 (7): 559–72. PMID 19488763.
22. Dinning PG, Smith TK, Scott SM (2009). "Pathophysiology of colonic causes of chronic constipation". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21 Suppl 2: 20–30. PMC 2982774. PMID 19824935.
23. Grundy D, Al-Chaer ED, Aziz Q, Collins SM, Ke M, Taché Y, Wood JD (2006). "Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology: basic science". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1391–411. PMID 16678554.
24. Bharucha AE (2006). "Pelvic floor: anatomy and function". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 18 (7): 507–19. PMID 16771766.
25. Rao SS (2010). "Advances in diagnostic assessment of fecal incontinence and dyssynergic defecation". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8 (11): 910–9. PMC 2964406. PMID 20601142.
26. Gallagher P., O’Mahony D. (2009). Constipation in old age. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 23, 875–887. 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.09.001 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
27. Suzuki H., Inadomi J. M., Hibi T. (2009). Japanese herbal medicine in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21, 688–696. 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009. 01290.x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
28. Lever E, Cole J, Scott SM, Emery PW, Whelan K. Systematic review: The effect of prunes on gastrointestinal function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014; 40: 750–758
29. Tinker LF, Schneeman BO, Davis PA, Gallaher DD, Waggoner CR. Consumption of prunes as a source of dietary fiber in men with mild hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 53:1259–65.
30. Pathirana CK, Madhujith T, Eeswara J. Bael (Aegle marmelos L.), A Medicinal tree with immense economic potentials. Advances in Agriculture. 2020; Volume 2020,
31. Malabadi RB, Kolkar KP, Meti NT, Chalannavar RK. Triphala: An Indian Ayurvedic herbal formulation for coronavirus (SARSCoV- 2) disease (Covid-19). Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 2021; 8(8): 18-30.
32. Baliga MS, et al. Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala: A review. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:946–954.
33. Bisht, B. S. (1963). Pharmacognosy of ‘piplamul’–the root and stem of Piper longum Linn. Planta Medica, 11(4), 410–416.
34. Khushbu, C., Roshni, S., Anar, P., Carol, M., & Mayuree, P. (2011). Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Piper longum Linn a review. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2(1), 157–161
35. Lee, E. B., Shin, K. H., & Woo, W. S. (1984). Pharmacological study on piperine. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 7(2), 127–132.
36. Saraf, A., & Saraf, A. (2014). Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of medicinal plant Piper longum Linn. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Research, 6(2), 213–222. 37. Ibid; p.653
38. Trikamji Y. Editor. Charak Samhita Ayurveda dipika. First edition. Varanasi, Chaukhambha surbhati pratishathan, 2006 p.656.
39. The Wealth of India. National Institute of science communication and Information resources, Edition Reprint Vol. IV, New Delhi, Council of scientific & Industrial Research2009 p361.
40. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. Edition 1st.Vol. I Part IV. Ministry of health and family welfare. Department of Indian systems of 1989.p114.
41. Rastogi RP. Editor. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants edition Reprint Vol 5. New Delhi. National Institute of science and information resources, 2005. P. 901.
42. Kiritkar & Basu. Indian Medicinal Plants. Edition 2nd Vol 2. Delhi. Periodical expert book Agency, 2012.p.1275
43. Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica, edition reprint vol. I, Mumbai. Popular Prakashan, 2010 p. 1048.
44. Quraishi, A.; Mehar, S.; Sahu, D.; Jadhav, S.K. In vitro mid-term conservation of Acorus calamus L. via cold storage of encapsulated microrhizome. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2017, 60, 1–9. [CrossRef]
45. Balakumbahan, R.; Rajamani, K.; Kumanan, K. Acorus calamus: An overview. J.Med. Plant Res. 2010, 4, 2740–2745.
46. Sharma, V.; Singh, I.; Chaudhary, P. Acorus calamus (The Healing Plant): A review on its medicinal potential, micropropagation and conservation. Nat. Prod. Res. 2014, 28, 1454–1466. [CrossRef]
47. Singh, R.; Sharma, P.K.; Malviya, R. Pharmacological properties and ayurvedic value of Indian buch plant (Acorus calamus): A short review. Adv. Biol. Res. 2011, 5, 145–154.
48. Chaudhury, S.S.; Gautam, S.K.; Handa, K.L. Composition of calamus oil from calamus roots growing in Jammu and Kashmir. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 1957, 19, 183–186.
49. Mukherjee, P.K. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals; Business Horizons: New Delhi, India, 2002; pp. 692–694.
50. Rao RN, Raju SS, Babu KS, Vadaparthi PRR. HPLC determination of costunolide as a marker of Saussurea lappa and its herbal formulations. Int J Biochem2013; 3(1): 99-107.
51. Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat AK. Saussureacostus: Botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of an ayurvedic medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol2007; 110(3): 379-390.
52. Yang H, Xie JL, Sun HD. Resarch progress on the medicinal plant-Saussurea lappa. Nat Prod Res Dev 1998; 10(2): 90-98.
53. Sun CM, Syu WJ, Don MJ, Lu JJ, Lee GH. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from the root of Saussurea lappa. J Nat Prod2003; 66(9): 1175-1180.
54. Choi EM, Kim GH, Lee YS. Protective effects of dehydrocostus lactone against hydrogen peroxide-induced dysfunction and oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23: 862-867
55. Barrero AF, Oltra JE, Alvarez M, Raslan DS, Saude DA, Akssira M. New sources and antifungal activity of sesquiterpene lactones. Fitoterapia 2000; 71: 60-64.
56. Upadhyay OP, Singh RH, Dutta SK. Studies on antidiabetic medicinal plants used in Indian folklore. Aryavaidyan1996; 9: 159-167.
57. Seki K, Hashimoto A, Kobayashi H, Kawahara Y. Yamahara J. Motility inhibitory effect on Anchusan and Jintan and its active components in Anisakis type larvae. Yakuri to Chiryo1991; 19: 265-289.
58. Ko SG, Kim HP, Jin DH, Bae HS, Kim SH, Park GH, et al. Saussurealappa induces G2-growth arrest and apoptosis in AGSgastric cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 220: 11-19.
59. Sutar N, Garai R, Sharma US, Singh N, Roy SD. Antiulcerogenic activity of Saussurea lappa root. Int J Pharm Life Sci2011; 2: 516-520.
60. Khalid A, Uzair-ur-Rehman, Sethi A, Khilji S, Fatima U, Khan MI, et al. antimicrobial activity analysis of extracts of Acacia modesta, Artimisia absinthium, Nigella sativa and Saussurea lappa against Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Afr J Biotechnol 2011; 10: 4574-4580.
61. Hamilton AC. Medicinal plants, conservation and livelihoods. Biodivers Conserv2004; 13: 1477-1517.
62. Yashvanth S, Robinson A, Babu KS, Naidu VGM, Vishnuvardhan MVPS, Ramakrishna S, et al. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract of roots of Saussurea lappaClarke. J Pharm Res2010; 3(8): 1775-1778
63. Abbas SR, Rani G. Medicinal significance of Alexandrian Senna. Journal of Natural Sciences. 2020; V-8; I (1): 24-29.
64. Ramchander J, Jalwal P, Middha A. Recent advances on Senna as a laxative: A comprehensive review. J. Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry. 2017; 6(2): 349-353.
65. Khan MSA. A review on Senna: An excellent prophetic herbal medicine. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2020; 6(7):113-118.
66. Balasankar D, Vanilarasu K, Preetha PS, Rajeswari S, Umadevi M, Bhowmik D. Senna-A medical miracle plant. J. Med Plants Stud. 2013; 1(3): 41-7.
67. Agarwal V, Bajpai M. Pharmacognostical and biological studies on senna and its products: An overview. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2010; 6(2): 1-10
68 Deshpande HA, Bhalsing SR. Recent advances in the phytochemistry of some medicinally important Cassia species: A Review. International journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences. 2013; 2(3): 60-78.
69. 57. Sultana S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Khan MA, Arshad M. Authentication of herbal drug Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) A village pharmacy for Indo-Pak Subcontinent. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2012; 6(30): 2299-2308.
2. Norton 1996 Norton C. The causes and nursing management of constipation. British Journal of Nursing 1996; 3:1252–8
3. Higgins PD, Johanson JF. Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(4):750–759.
4. Bharucha AE, Pemberton JH, Locke GR. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):218–238.
5. Choung RS, Locke GR, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ. Cumulative incidence of chronic constipation: a population-based study 1988–2003. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(11–12):1521–1528.
6. Talley NJ, Fleming KC, Evans JM, et al. Constipation in an elderly community: a study of prevalence and potential risk factors. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91(1):19–25
7. Wald A, Scarpignato C, Mueller-Lissner S, et al. A multinational survey of prevalence and patterns of laxative use among adults with self-defined constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(7):917–930.
8. Longstreth GF. Functional bowel disorders: functional constipation. In: Drossman DA, editor. The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. 3rd ed. Lawrence, KS: Allen Press; 2006. pp. 515–523.
9. Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. Physician visits in the United States for constipation: 1958 to 1986. Dig Dis Sci. 1989;34(4):606–611.
10. Bongers ME, Benninga MA, Maurice-Stam H, Grootenhuis MA. Health-related quality of life in young adults with symptoms of constipation continuing from childhood into adulthood. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009; 7:20.
11. Wang JP, Duan LP, Ye HJ, Wu ZG, Zou B. Assessment of psychological status and quality of life in patients with functional constipation. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2008;47(6):460–463. Chinese
12. Locke GR III, Pemberton JR, Phillips SF. American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: Guidelines on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2000; 119:1761–1766.
13. LongstrethGF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, et al. Functional bowel disorders [published correction appears in Gastroenterology. 2006; 131:688]. Gastroenterology. 2006; 130:1480–1491.
14. Wade WE, Spruill WJ. Diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. In: Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill; 2008:624.
15. Chin A, Paw MJ, van Poppel MN, van Mechelen W. Effects of resistance and functional-skills training on habitual activity and constipation among older adults living in long-term care facilities: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2006; 6:9.
16. Lindeman RD, Romero LJ, Liang HC, et al. Do elderly persons need to be encouraged to drink more fluids J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55:M361–M365.
17. Tuteja AK, Talley NJ, Joos SK, et al. Is constipation associated with decreased physical activity in normally active subjects? Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:124–129
18. Meshkinpour H, Selod S, Movahedi H, et al. Effects of regular exercise in management of chronic idiopathic constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 1998; 43:2379–2383.
19. Sleisenger, Marvin (2010). Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 9781437727678.
20. Andrews CN, Storr M (2011). "The pathophysiology of chronic constipation". Can J Gastroenterol. 25 Suppl B: 16B–21B. PMC 3206564. PMID 22114753.
21. Southwell BR, Clarke MC, Sutcliffe J, Hutson JM (2009). "Colonic transit studies: normal values for adults and children with comparison of radiological and scintigraphic methods". Pediatr. Surg. Int. 25 (7): 559–72. PMID 19488763.
22. Dinning PG, Smith TK, Scott SM (2009). "Pathophysiology of colonic causes of chronic constipation". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21 Suppl 2: 20–30. PMC 2982774. PMID 19824935.
23. Grundy D, Al-Chaer ED, Aziz Q, Collins SM, Ke M, Taché Y, Wood JD (2006). "Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology: basic science". Gastroenterology. 130 (5): 1391–411. PMID 16678554.
24. Bharucha AE (2006). "Pelvic floor: anatomy and function". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 18 (7): 507–19. PMID 16771766.
25. Rao SS (2010). "Advances in diagnostic assessment of fecal incontinence and dyssynergic defecation". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8 (11): 910–9. PMC 2964406. PMID 20601142.
26. Gallagher P., O’Mahony D. (2009). Constipation in old age. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 23, 875–887. 10.1016/j.bpg.2009.09.001 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
27. Suzuki H., Inadomi J. M., Hibi T. (2009). Japanese herbal medicine in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21, 688–696. 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009. 01290.x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
28. Lever E, Cole J, Scott SM, Emery PW, Whelan K. Systematic review: The effect of prunes on gastrointestinal function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014; 40: 750–758
29. Tinker LF, Schneeman BO, Davis PA, Gallaher DD, Waggoner CR. Consumption of prunes as a source of dietary fiber in men with mild hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 53:1259–65.
30. Pathirana CK, Madhujith T, Eeswara J. Bael (Aegle marmelos L.), A Medicinal tree with immense economic potentials. Advances in Agriculture. 2020; Volume 2020,
31. Malabadi RB, Kolkar KP, Meti NT, Chalannavar RK. Triphala: An Indian Ayurvedic herbal formulation for coronavirus (SARSCoV- 2) disease (Covid-19). Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 2021; 8(8): 18-30.
32. Baliga MS, et al. Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug Triphala: A review. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:946–954.
33. Bisht, B. S. (1963). Pharmacognosy of ‘piplamul’–the root and stem of Piper longum Linn. Planta Medica, 11(4), 410–416.
34. Khushbu, C., Roshni, S., Anar, P., Carol, M., & Mayuree, P. (2011). Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Piper longum Linn a review. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2(1), 157–161
35. Lee, E. B., Shin, K. H., & Woo, W. S. (1984). Pharmacological study on piperine. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 7(2), 127–132.
36. Saraf, A., & Saraf, A. (2014). Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of medicinal plant Piper longum Linn. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Research, 6(2), 213–222. 37. Ibid; p.653
38. Trikamji Y. Editor. Charak Samhita Ayurveda dipika. First edition. Varanasi, Chaukhambha surbhati pratishathan, 2006 p.656.
39. The Wealth of India. National Institute of science communication and Information resources, Edition Reprint Vol. IV, New Delhi, Council of scientific & Industrial Research2009 p361.
40. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. Edition 1st.Vol. I Part IV. Ministry of health and family welfare. Department of Indian systems of 1989.p114.
41. Rastogi RP. Editor. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants edition Reprint Vol 5. New Delhi. National Institute of science and information resources, 2005. P. 901.
42. Kiritkar & Basu. Indian Medicinal Plants. Edition 2nd Vol 2. Delhi. Periodical expert book Agency, 2012.p.1275
43. Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica, edition reprint vol. I, Mumbai. Popular Prakashan, 2010 p. 1048.
44. Quraishi, A.; Mehar, S.; Sahu, D.; Jadhav, S.K. In vitro mid-term conservation of Acorus calamus L. via cold storage of encapsulated microrhizome. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2017, 60, 1–9. [CrossRef]
45. Balakumbahan, R.; Rajamani, K.; Kumanan, K. Acorus calamus: An overview. J.Med. Plant Res. 2010, 4, 2740–2745.
46. Sharma, V.; Singh, I.; Chaudhary, P. Acorus calamus (The Healing Plant): A review on its medicinal potential, micropropagation and conservation. Nat. Prod. Res. 2014, 28, 1454–1466. [CrossRef]
47. Singh, R.; Sharma, P.K.; Malviya, R. Pharmacological properties and ayurvedic value of Indian buch plant (Acorus calamus): A short review. Adv. Biol. Res. 2011, 5, 145–154.
48. Chaudhury, S.S.; Gautam, S.K.; Handa, K.L. Composition of calamus oil from calamus roots growing in Jammu and Kashmir. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 1957, 19, 183–186.
49. Mukherjee, P.K. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals; Business Horizons: New Delhi, India, 2002; pp. 692–694.
50. Rao RN, Raju SS, Babu KS, Vadaparthi PRR. HPLC determination of costunolide as a marker of Saussurea lappa and its herbal formulations. Int J Biochem2013; 3(1): 99-107.
51. Pandey MM, Rastogi S, Rawat AK. Saussureacostus: Botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of an ayurvedic medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol2007; 110(3): 379-390.
52. Yang H, Xie JL, Sun HD. Resarch progress on the medicinal plant-Saussurea lappa. Nat Prod Res Dev 1998; 10(2): 90-98.
53. Sun CM, Syu WJ, Don MJ, Lu JJ, Lee GH. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from the root of Saussurea lappa. J Nat Prod2003; 66(9): 1175-1180.
54. Choi EM, Kim GH, Lee YS. Protective effects of dehydrocostus lactone against hydrogen peroxide-induced dysfunction and oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23: 862-867
55. Barrero AF, Oltra JE, Alvarez M, Raslan DS, Saude DA, Akssira M. New sources and antifungal activity of sesquiterpene lactones. Fitoterapia 2000; 71: 60-64.
56. Upadhyay OP, Singh RH, Dutta SK. Studies on antidiabetic medicinal plants used in Indian folklore. Aryavaidyan1996; 9: 159-167.
57. Seki K, Hashimoto A, Kobayashi H, Kawahara Y. Yamahara J. Motility inhibitory effect on Anchusan and Jintan and its active components in Anisakis type larvae. Yakuri to Chiryo1991; 19: 265-289.
58. Ko SG, Kim HP, Jin DH, Bae HS, Kim SH, Park GH, et al. Saussurealappa induces G2-growth arrest and apoptosis in AGSgastric cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 220: 11-19.
59. Sutar N, Garai R, Sharma US, Singh N, Roy SD. Antiulcerogenic activity of Saussurea lappa root. Int J Pharm Life Sci2011; 2: 516-520.
60. Khalid A, Uzair-ur-Rehman, Sethi A, Khilji S, Fatima U, Khan MI, et al. antimicrobial activity analysis of extracts of Acacia modesta, Artimisia absinthium, Nigella sativa and Saussurea lappa against Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Afr J Biotechnol 2011; 10: 4574-4580.
61. Hamilton AC. Medicinal plants, conservation and livelihoods. Biodivers Conserv2004; 13: 1477-1517.
62. Yashvanth S, Robinson A, Babu KS, Naidu VGM, Vishnuvardhan MVPS, Ramakrishna S, et al. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract of roots of Saussurea lappaClarke. J Pharm Res2010; 3(8): 1775-1778
63. Abbas SR, Rani G. Medicinal significance of Alexandrian Senna. Journal of Natural Sciences. 2020; V-8; I (1): 24-29.
64. Ramchander J, Jalwal P, Middha A. Recent advances on Senna as a laxative: A comprehensive review. J. Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry. 2017; 6(2): 349-353.
65. Khan MSA. A review on Senna: An excellent prophetic herbal medicine. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2020; 6(7):113-118.
66. Balasankar D, Vanilarasu K, Preetha PS, Rajeswari S, Umadevi M, Bhowmik D. Senna-A medical miracle plant. J. Med Plants Stud. 2013; 1(3): 41-7.
67. Agarwal V, Bajpai M. Pharmacognostical and biological studies on senna and its products: An overview. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2010; 6(2): 1-10
68 Deshpande HA, Bhalsing SR. Recent advances in the phytochemistry of some medicinally important Cassia species: A Review. International journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences. 2013; 2(3): 60-78.
69. 57. Sultana S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Khan MA, Arshad M. Authentication of herbal drug Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) A village pharmacy for Indo-Pak Subcontinent. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2012; 6(30): 2299-2308.
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Jan 17, 2024
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Harshdeepsinh Rana, Foram Mehta, & Dr. Pragnesh Patani. (2024). EXPLORING INDIAN HERBS FOR CONSTIPATION RELIEF: A COMPRENSIVE REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(1), 822–832. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i1.4088
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Author Biographies
Harshdeepsinh Rana
Student, Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad,
Foram Mehta
Assistant Professor, Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
Dr. Pragnesh Patani
Principal, Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad