COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Novel Drug Delivery System, Targeted Drug Delivery System, Recent Drug Delivery Systems, Applications, Classification, Challenges
Abstract
It is now necessary to target the cells involved in the onset and progression of diseases specifically due to developments in molecular pharmacology and our growing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the majority of diseases. This is particularly true for the majority of terminal illnesses that call for therapeutic drugs with a host of negative side effects, necessitating precise tissue targeting to reduce internal exposure. Current drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed using cutting-edge technology to minimize off-target accumulation in the body and maximize therapeutic efficacy by accelerating systemic drug delivery to the precise target region. They so have a crucial role to perform when treating and managing illness. Advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) are more advantageous than traditional drug administration systems because of their improved efficacy, automation, performance, and precision. They are composed of multifunctional nanomaterials or tiny devices with long circulating half-life that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and have high viscoelasticity. As a result, this review offers a thorough understanding of the development of drug delivery systems’ technological history. It provides an update on the newest drug delivery systems, their therapeutic uses, the challenges in using them, and the directions that will hopefully lead to better performance and utilization in the future.
References
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9. Dodou K. Exploring the unconventional routes—rectal and vaginal dosage formulations. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2012 Aug 29;289(7721):238.
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21. Dadwal A, Sonker A, Randhawa JK, Puri AK. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Multidrug Resistance. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:762
22. Ma X, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Advances in nanomaterial-based targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1177151
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25. Vincy A, Kumar P, Kumar G. Recent Progress in Red Blood Cells-Derived Particles as Novel Bioinspired Drug Delivery Systems: Challenges and Strategies for Clinical Translation. Front Chem. 2022 Apr 26;10:90525
26. Wang X, Huang Y, Chen Q. Red blood cell derived nanocarrier drug delivery system: A new paradigm for targeted drug delivery. Inflammopharmacology. 2024 Jan;32(1):375-389
27. Chen WYJ, Abatangelo G. Functions of hyaluronan in wound repair. Wound Repair Regen. 1999;7(2):79-89
28. Zhao C, et al. Application of hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers as a novel drug delivery system: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:1105.
29. Mattheolabakis G, et al. Hyaluronic acid targeting of CD44 for cancer therapy: from receptor biology to nanomedicine. J Drug Target. 2015;23(7-8):605-618
30. Zhou M, et al. Targeted delivery of hyaluronic acid-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Drug Deliv. 2018;25(1):716-722
31. Sivadasan D, Rahat I, Palakkott A, et al. Polymeric Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles (PLNs) as Emerging Multimodal Nano-Carriers for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(8):1092
32. Rahat I, Mahato S, Bharadwaj S, et al. Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles: Emerging platforms for phytochemical delivery. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2024;15:118.
33. Pouton CW. Formulation of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1997;25(1):47-58
34. Lipinski CA. Drug-like properties and the causes of poor solubility and poor permeability. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2000;44(1):235-249
35. Savjani KT, Gajjar AK, Savjani JK. Drug solubility: Importance and enhancement techniques. ISRN Pharm. 2012;2012:195727
36. Gupta P, Vyas SP. Lipid based drug delivery systems: an update. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2012;3(9):2828-2840
37. Amidon GL, Lennernäs H, Shah VP, Crison JR. A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Res. 1995;12(3):413-420
38. Constantinides PP. Lipid microemulsions for improving drug dissolution and oral absorption: physical and biopharmaceutical aspects. Pharm Res. 1995;12(11):1561-1572
39. Shah NH, Carvajal MT, Patel CI, Infeld MH, Malick AW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) with polyglycolyzed glycerides for improving in vitro dissolution and oral absorption of lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm. 1994;106(1):15-23
40. Pouton CW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: formulation and performance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000;45(1):25-50
41. Lawrence MJ, Rees GD. Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000;45(1):89-121
42. Tadros T, Izquierdo P, Esquena J, Solans C. Formation and stability of nano-emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2004;108-109:303-318
43. Kumar R, Indira S, Chella N, Ruchika TK. Nanoemulsion and microemulsion: A pharmaceutical review. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;5(4):527-546
44. Shah SA, Sayed N, Zafar H, Niaz S, Ahmad S. Surfactants used in microemulsions: A review. Giardia. 2021;7(2):319-33
45. Anton N, Vandamme TF. Nano-emulsions and micro-emulsions: Clarifications of the critical differences. Pharm Res. 2011;28(5):978-985
46. Wang L, Gao Y, Yang S, et al. Microemulsion and nanoemulsion as novel drug delivery systems: A review. J Drug Target. 2020;28(2):174-181
47. Elman NM, Ho Duc HL, Cima MJ. An Implantable MEMS Drug Delivery Device for Rapid Delivery in Ambulatory Emergency Care. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2015,425- 451.
48. Islam S, Hossain MA, Uddin MJ, et al. Recent Advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Devices for Biomedical Applications. Micromachines. 2020;11(7):681
49. Gopi S, Abjel A, Sukheshkumar. MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM. Int J Novel Res Devel. 2023;8(10):468-480
50. Bashir R. MEMS: Enabled Drug Delivery Systems and Their Applications. J Control Release. 2015;219:205-214
51. Liu C, Wang Q, Yao Z, Deng H, Wang Q. Sequential Drug Delivery in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Strategies and Mechanisms. J Control Release. 2022 Mar 4;349:387-406
52. Li J, Cao Y, Zhang X, An M, Liu Y. Sequential Drug Release Strategies in Cancer Therapy. Biosci Health Manag. 2023 Oct;1(1):25-39
53. Pang Z, Cui Z, Yu Y, Yin W, Wang Y. Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: Current strategies and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):29
54. Thakor AS, Gambhir SS. Nanooncology: The Future of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 May-Jun;63(3):151-169
55. Bala R, Pawar P, Khanna S, Arora S. Orally dissolving strips: A new approach to oral drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Investig. 2013;3(2):67-76
56. Zaffar S, Verma AK, Raushan R, et al. Comparative Analysis of Fast Dissolving Tablet Vs. Oral Dissolving Film. Int J Recent Res Rev. 2024;17(1):1-15
57. Jahangirian H, Lemraski EG, Webster TJ, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Abdollahi Y. A review of drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology and green chemistry: green nanomedicine. International journal of nanomedicine. 2017 Apr 12:2957-78.
58. Gupta TK, Budarapu PR, Chappidi SR, YB SS, Paggi M, Bordas SP. Advances in carbon based nanomaterials for bio-medical applications. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2019 Nov 1;26(38):6851-77.
59. Vikas K, Arvind S, Ashish S, Gourav J, Vipasha D. Recent advances in ndds (novel drug delivery system) for delivery of anti-hypertensive drugs. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 2011 Jan;3(1):252-9.
2. Tiwari G, Tiwari R, Sriwastawa B, Bhati L, Pandey S, Pandey P, Bannerjee SK. Drug delivery systems: An updated review. International journal of pharmaceutical investigation. 2012 Jan;2(1):2.
3. Garbayo E, Pascual‐Gil S, Rodríguez‐Nogales C, Saludas L, Estella‐Hermoso de Mendoza A, Blanco‐Prieto MJ. Nanomedicine and drug delivery systems in cancer and regenerative medicine. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. 2020 Sep;12(5):e1637.
4. Saraf, S. "Applications of novel drug delivery system for herbal formulations." Fitoterapia 81.7 (2010): 680-689.
5. Sarangi, Manoj Kumar, and Sasmita Padhi. "Novel herbal drug delivery system: An overview." Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences 6.1 (2018): 171-179.
6. Zhang J, Yang F, Wu H, Ong HL, Arnold P, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Bahar D, Yuan Z, Yang X, Fu YQ. Wearable transdermal drug delivery system controlled by wirelessly powered acoustic waves. Journal of Controlled Release. 2025 May 10;381:113619.
7. Bahraminejad S, Almoazen H. Sublingual and Buccal Delivery: A Historical and Scientific Prescriptive. Pharmaceutics. 2025 Aug 20;17(8):1073.
8. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. Nature biotechnology. 2008 Nov;26(11):1261-8.
9. Dodou K. Exploring the unconventional routes—rectal and vaginal dosage formulations. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2012 Aug 29;289(7721):238.
10. Park H, Otte A, Park K. Evolution of drug delivery systems: From 1950 to 2020 and beyond. Journal of Controlled Release. 2022 Feb 1;342:53-65.
11. Markman M. Intraperitoneal antineoplastic drug delivery: rationale and results. The lancet oncology. 2003 May 1;4(5):277-83.
12. Al-Qaysi ZK, Beadham IG, Schwikkard SL, Bear JC, Al-Kinani AA, Alany RG. Sustained release ocular drug delivery systems for glaucoma therapy. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2023 Jul 3;20(7):905-19.
13. Alavi SE, Alavi SZ, Nisa MU, Koohi M, Raza A, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H. Revolutionizing wound healing: exploring scarless solutions through drug delivery innovations. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jan 30;21(3):1056-76.
14. Jin JF, Zhu LL, Chen M, Xu HM, Wang HF, Feng XQ, Zhu XP, Zhou Q. The optimal choice of medication administration route regarding intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection. Patient preference and adherence. 2015 Jul 2:923-42.
15. Wu J, Chen G, Jia Y, Ji C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Leblanc RM, Peng Z. Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: A review. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2022;10(6):843-69.
16. Chu E, DeVita Jr VT, DeVita Jr VT. Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2024. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2023 Dec 14.
17. Domingo C, Saurina J. An overview of the analytical characterization of nanostructured drug delivery systems: towards green and sustainable pharmaceuticals: a review. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2012 Sep 26;744:8-22.
18. Yun YH, Lee BK, Park K. Controlled Drug Delivery: Historical perspective for the next generation. Journal of Controlled Release. 2015 Dec 10;219:2-7.
19. Kamaly N, Yameen B, Wu J, Farokhzad OC. Degradable controlled-release polymers and polymeric nanoparticles: mechanisms of controlling drug release. Chemical reviews. 2016 Feb 24;116(4):2602-63.
20. Bhagwat RR, Vaidhya IS. Novel Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013;4(3):970-982
21. Dadwal A, Sonker A, Randhawa JK, Puri AK. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Multidrug Resistance. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:762
22. Ma X, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Advances in nanomaterial-based targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1177151
23. Malhotra S, Dumoga S, Singh N. Red blood cells membrane-derived nanoparticles: Applications and key challenges in their clinical translation. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2022 May;14(3):e1776
24. Xia Q, Zhang Y, Zhou F. Red blood cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles: Novel biomimetic platform for drug delivery. J Control Release. 2019 Jul 26;302:158-173
25. Vincy A, Kumar P, Kumar G. Recent Progress in Red Blood Cells-Derived Particles as Novel Bioinspired Drug Delivery Systems: Challenges and Strategies for Clinical Translation. Front Chem. 2022 Apr 26;10:90525
26. Wang X, Huang Y, Chen Q. Red blood cell derived nanocarrier drug delivery system: A new paradigm for targeted drug delivery. Inflammopharmacology. 2024 Jan;32(1):375-389
27. Chen WYJ, Abatangelo G. Functions of hyaluronan in wound repair. Wound Repair Regen. 1999;7(2):79-89
28. Zhao C, et al. Application of hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers as a novel drug delivery system: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:1105.
29. Mattheolabakis G, et al. Hyaluronic acid targeting of CD44 for cancer therapy: from receptor biology to nanomedicine. J Drug Target. 2015;23(7-8):605-618
30. Zhou M, et al. Targeted delivery of hyaluronic acid-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Drug Deliv. 2018;25(1):716-722
31. Sivadasan D, Rahat I, Palakkott A, et al. Polymeric Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles (PLNs) as Emerging Multimodal Nano-Carriers for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(8):1092
32. Rahat I, Mahato S, Bharadwaj S, et al. Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles: Emerging platforms for phytochemical delivery. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2024;15:118.
33. Pouton CW. Formulation of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1997;25(1):47-58
34. Lipinski CA. Drug-like properties and the causes of poor solubility and poor permeability. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2000;44(1):235-249
35. Savjani KT, Gajjar AK, Savjani JK. Drug solubility: Importance and enhancement techniques. ISRN Pharm. 2012;2012:195727
36. Gupta P, Vyas SP. Lipid based drug delivery systems: an update. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2012;3(9):2828-2840
37. Amidon GL, Lennernäs H, Shah VP, Crison JR. A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Res. 1995;12(3):413-420
38. Constantinides PP. Lipid microemulsions for improving drug dissolution and oral absorption: physical and biopharmaceutical aspects. Pharm Res. 1995;12(11):1561-1572
39. Shah NH, Carvajal MT, Patel CI, Infeld MH, Malick AW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) with polyglycolyzed glycerides for improving in vitro dissolution and oral absorption of lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm. 1994;106(1):15-23
40. Pouton CW. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: formulation and performance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000;45(1):25-50
41. Lawrence MJ, Rees GD. Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000;45(1):89-121
42. Tadros T, Izquierdo P, Esquena J, Solans C. Formation and stability of nano-emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2004;108-109:303-318
43. Kumar R, Indira S, Chella N, Ruchika TK. Nanoemulsion and microemulsion: A pharmaceutical review. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;5(4):527-546
44. Shah SA, Sayed N, Zafar H, Niaz S, Ahmad S. Surfactants used in microemulsions: A review. Giardia. 2021;7(2):319-33
45. Anton N, Vandamme TF. Nano-emulsions and micro-emulsions: Clarifications of the critical differences. Pharm Res. 2011;28(5):978-985
46. Wang L, Gao Y, Yang S, et al. Microemulsion and nanoemulsion as novel drug delivery systems: A review. J Drug Target. 2020;28(2):174-181
47. Elman NM, Ho Duc HL, Cima MJ. An Implantable MEMS Drug Delivery Device for Rapid Delivery in Ambulatory Emergency Care. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2015,425- 451.
48. Islam S, Hossain MA, Uddin MJ, et al. Recent Advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Devices for Biomedical Applications. Micromachines. 2020;11(7):681
49. Gopi S, Abjel A, Sukheshkumar. MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM. Int J Novel Res Devel. 2023;8(10):468-480
50. Bashir R. MEMS: Enabled Drug Delivery Systems and Their Applications. J Control Release. 2015;219:205-214
51. Liu C, Wang Q, Yao Z, Deng H, Wang Q. Sequential Drug Delivery in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Strategies and Mechanisms. J Control Release. 2022 Mar 4;349:387-406
52. Li J, Cao Y, Zhang X, An M, Liu Y. Sequential Drug Release Strategies in Cancer Therapy. Biosci Health Manag. 2023 Oct;1(1):25-39
53. Pang Z, Cui Z, Yu Y, Yin W, Wang Y. Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: Current strategies and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):29
54. Thakor AS, Gambhir SS. Nanooncology: The Future of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 May-Jun;63(3):151-169
55. Bala R, Pawar P, Khanna S, Arora S. Orally dissolving strips: A new approach to oral drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Investig. 2013;3(2):67-76
56. Zaffar S, Verma AK, Raushan R, et al. Comparative Analysis of Fast Dissolving Tablet Vs. Oral Dissolving Film. Int J Recent Res Rev. 2024;17(1):1-15
57. Jahangirian H, Lemraski EG, Webster TJ, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Abdollahi Y. A review of drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology and green chemistry: green nanomedicine. International journal of nanomedicine. 2017 Apr 12:2957-78.
58. Gupta TK, Budarapu PR, Chappidi SR, YB SS, Paggi M, Bordas SP. Advances in carbon based nanomaterials for bio-medical applications. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2019 Nov 1;26(38):6851-77.
59. Vikas K, Arvind S, Ashish S, Gourav J, Vipasha D. Recent advances in ndds (novel drug delivery system) for delivery of anti-hypertensive drugs. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 2011 Jan;3(1):252-9.
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Oct 14, 2025
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Namrat Patel, Dr. Pragnesh Patani, & Dr. Shweta Paroha. (2025). COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 2004-2015. https://doi.org/10.53555/kd9rm282
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Author Biographies
Namrat Patel
Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
Dr. Pragnesh Patani
Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
Dr. Shweta Paroha
Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
How to Cite
Namrat Patel, Dr. Pragnesh Patani, & Dr. Shweta Paroha. (2025). COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(7), 2004-2015. https://doi.org/10.53555/kd9rm282