CORRELATION OF LOW HDL AND HIGH LDL-C LEVELS WITH SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON CORONARY ANGIOGRAM

Abstract

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death worldwide. CAD pathophysiology and development are strongly linked to lipid profile, especially HDL and LDL-C.

Objective

To study the effect of low HDL and high LDL-C levels on coronary artery disease severity in coronary angiography patients

Material and Methods

A descriptive comparative study with 300 coronary artery patients was planned, dividing samples into Group A (low HDL and high LDL-C) and Group B (normal HDL and LDL-C). The Gensini score evaluated coronary lesion severity based on luminal narrowing and location.

Results

Group A had a considerably higher mean Gensini score (p < 0.05) than Group B. 97 patients (64.6%) in Group A had severe CAD (Gensini score >20), compared to 51 (34%) in Group B, 34 patients (22.7%) in Group A and 60 patients (40%) in Group B had moderate CAD (Gensini score 11-20). Mild CAD (Gensini score ≤10) was seen in 19 patients (12.7%) in Group A and 39 patients (26%) in Group B, reporting a significant difference between groups (p<0.01). The correlation test found that the severity of CAD is significantly associated with diabetes and hypertension. Regression analysis found a positive association between severe CAD and LDL-C levels (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The study found a strong association between low HDL and high LDL-C levels and coronary angiography severity. CAD was more common and severe in patients with low HDL and high LDL-C. The severity of CAD was found to be associated with diabetes and hypertension.