A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SODIUM LEVEL CHANGES IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS: IDENTIFYING RISK FACTORS AND HYPONATREMIA CONTRIBUTORS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Stroke Patients During Hospitalization, Ischemic Stroke, Instances of Stroke Patients During Hospitalization among Stroke Patients, Hypoosmolarity, Hypothalamic Depressive Hormone Syndrome, and Sodium
Abstract
Background: The occurrence of hyponatremia is a prevalent electrolyte anomaly observed commonly in individuals diagnosed with both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The substance mainly exhibits hypoosmolarity and is indicative of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) or cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS). This study aimed to assess the clinical range, such as frequency, severity, and association, of hyponatremia in stroke patients.
Objective: The primary objective of the research is to analyze the factors that play a critical role in the identification of hyponatremia in ischemic stroke patients during hospital admission and treatment.
Method: The study chose a quantitative primary method to evaluate and extract responses. 100 patients have been selected to volunteer in the study. All of the patients admitted to Hospital for Ischemic Stroke or else have a prior history of Ischemic Stroke. SPSS has been used to examine the response and generate the results in graphical format. Respondents have been chosen on the basis of an abnormal sodium concentration in their blood.
Result: It has been found in the results that abnormal sodium concentration is not limited to only one cause. Moreover, it has been found that BMI, coexisting disease or disorder, age, and gender play critical roles in the development of hyponatremia.
Conclusion: It has been concluded that the association of sodium concentration with the frequency and severity of hypernatremia in stroke patients is closely related to serum osmolality, urine sodium, and urine osmolality in the patient, along with other factors.
References
Liamis, G., Barkas, F., Megapanou, E., Christopoulou, E., Makri, A., Makaritsis, K., Ntaios, G., Elisaf, M. and Milionis, H., 2020. Hyponatremia in acute stroke patients: pathophysiology, clinical significance, and management options. European Neurology, 82(1-3), pp.32-40.
Chen, Z., Jia, Q. and Liu, C., 2019. Association of hyponatremia and risk of short-and long-term mortality in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 28(6), pp.1674-1683.
Shima, S., Niimi, Y., Moteki, Y., Takahashi, O., Sato, S., Inoue, T. and Okada, Y., 2020. Prognostic significance of hyponatremia in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 49(5), pp.531-539.
He, L., Guo, Z.N., Qu, Y. and Jin, H., 2022. Hyponatremia is associated with post-thrombolysis hemorrhagic transformation and poor clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 15, p.879863.
Kalita, J., Singh, R.K. and Misra, U.K., 2017. Cerebral salt wasting is the most common cause of hyponatremia in stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 26(5), pp.1026-1032.
Balbi, A., Sadowski, J.A., Torrens, D., Jacoby, J.L., Yacoub, H.A. and Eygnor, J.K., 2022. Hyperacute hyponatremia mimicking acute ischemic stroke. The American journal of emergency medicine, 51, pp.428-e5.
Karunanandham, S., Rajappa, T. and Selvaraju, K., 2018. Hyponatremia in Patients Admitted with Stroke. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 12(8).
Al-Khazraji, A.K.K., 2016. Hyponatremia in a group of Iraqi patients with stroke. Iraqi J Med Sci, 14(2), pp.191-96.
Blessing, D., 2022. Remarks on Hyponatremia in Patients with Stroke.
Khan, A., Khan, Z., Khan, S., Ullah, A., Ayub, G. and Tariq, M.N., 2023. Frequency of Hyponatremia and Its Impact on Prognosis in Ischemic Stroke. Cureus, 15(6).
Soiza, R.L., Cumming, K., Clark, A.B., Bettencourt-Silva, J.H., Metcalf, A.K., Bowles, K.M., Potter, J.F. and Myint, P.K., 2015. Hyponatremia predicts mortality after stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 10(SA100), pp.50-55.
Bhattacharjee, K., Das, D., Kalwar, A., Debnath, B. and Kar, G., 2015. Relationship of Hyponatremia with immediate mortality in acute stroke. J Evid Based Med Health Care, 2(38), pp.6119-24.
Hakim, M. and Hasan, M., 2020. Hyponatremia as an independent predictor of mortality and functional outcome in stroke (4311).
xv Study of electrolyte abnormality in acute stroke. Bandopadhyay M, Jatua SK, Adhikari M, Bhandari A. Annals Intl Med Dental Res. 2017;3:4–9.
xvi Brenner, B. M. (2019). Brenner and Rector’s the kidney (10th ed.). Elsevier.
xvii Gross, P., Hix, J. K., & Kamel, K. S. (2014). Hyponatremia in the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion: Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment. American Journal of Medicine, 127(4), 320-327.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Abdur Raheem Arshed
King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
Ahmad Fiaz Raza
Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
Ali Atiq
CMH, Lahore, Pakistan
Sameeha
King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
Syed Musa Raza
Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
Awais Habib
King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
Bilal Qammar
Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan