SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND EDUCATION RELATED INEQUITIES IN USE OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE IN REGION OF PUNJAB PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Rural Area, Urban Area, Family Planning, Education level, Socio-economic Status
Abstract
Objective: To determine Socio-economic and education related inequities in use of modern contraceptive in Chiniot Region of Punjab Pakistan.
Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study.
Place and duration of study: Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore from June 2022 – December 2023.
Patients and Methods: The study included 640 individuals 320 from rural area and 320 from urban population. Multistage cluster sampling technique will be used to select rural areas with same characteristics. In first stage, the rural areas of three Tehsil of district Chiniot will be purposively selected. In second stage, DKT health facility served villages and adjacent public health facility villages with same demographic characteristics will be selected and marked as a cluster. The questionnaire comprises the basic demographics information i.e. socioeconomic and education related inequities in use of modern Contraceptive in Chiniot region of Punjab Pakistan. The Descriptive statistics were applied on all parameters. The chi-square test, one sample test were applied to all the parameters for comparison of Socio economic and education related inequities and p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant for stratification.
Results: Result showed that education status as increased the employment and self-employed status increased. In educated population have great knowledge about family planning as compared to population who is not enough educated. The educational status is significant with the knowledge of family planning and use of modern contraceptive methods ratio is higher educated population and population having good socio economic status.
Conclusion: In our investigation, we concluded that in Chiniot Punjab region of Pakistan, there are significant disparities in the use of modern contraceptives among various population sub-groups, particularly in women living in rural area and urban area of Chiniot, both in terms of their socio-economic status and level of education.
References
2. Azmat, S. K., Hameed, W., Hamza, H. B., Mustafa, G., Ishaque, M., Abbas, G., ... & Temmerman, M. (2016). Engaging with community-based public and private mid-level providers for promoting the use of modern contraceptive methods in rural Pakistan: results from two innovative birth spacing interventions. Reproductive health, 13, 1-15.
3. Arupendra, M., Vandana, G., Abhishek, G., Arnab, D., Ruhi, S., Pranita, A., ... & Niranjan, S. (2019). Choice of contraceptive methods in public and private facilities in rural India. BMC Health Services Research, 19(421).
4. Gayatri, M. (2023). DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN RURAL POOR AREAS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 18(1).
5. Kriel, Y., Milford, C., Cordero, J. P., Suleman, F., Steyn, P. S., & Smit, J. A. (2023). Access to public sector family planning services and modern contraceptive methods in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation from community and health care provider perspectives. Plos one, 18(3), e0282996.
6. Beatty, K., Smith, M. G., Khoury, A. J., Ventura, L. M., Ariyo, O., de Jong, J., ... & Slawson, D. (2023). Contraceptive care service provision via telehealth early in the COVID‐19 pandemic at rural and urban federally qualified health centers in 2 southeastern states. The Journal of Rural Health, 39(1), 160-171.
7. Solanke, B. L., Oyediran, O. O., Awoleye, A. F., & Olagunju, O. E. (2023). Do health service contacts with community health workers influence the intention to use modern contraceptives among non-users in rural communities? Findings from a cross-sectional study in Nigeria. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 24.
8. Levander, X. A., Foot, C. A., Magnusson, S. L., Cook, R. R., Ezell, J. M., Feinberg, J., ... & Korthuis, P. T. (2023). Contraception and healthcare utilization by reproductive-age women who use drugs in rural communities: a cross-sectional survey. Journal of general internal medicine, 38(1), 98-106.
9. Andeskebtso, A. Y. (2023). Modern Contraceptive Use and Associated Factors In USSA Local Government Area Of Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Science, 1(2), 11-19.
10. Dana, G. P. T., Sutopa, T. S., & Afroz, S. (2023). Disparities in readiness of health facilities to provide long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and permanent methods (PMs) in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 9(4).
11. Mankelkl, G., & Kinfe, B. (2023). Spatial variations and multilevel mixed effect analysis on determinants factors of modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive age women in Ethiopia; proven by Ethiopian mini demographic health survey 2019. BMC Women's Health, 23(1), 77.
12. Mulugeta, S. S., Muluneh, M. W., Belay, A. T., Yalew, M. M., & Agegn, S. B. (2023). Reason and Associated Factors for Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Ethiopian Rural Married Women: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis. SAGE Open Nursing, 9, 23779608221150599.
13. Mulugeta, S. S., Muluneh, M. W., Belay, A. T., Yalew, M. M., & Agegn, S. B. (2023). Reason and Associated Factors for Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Ethiopian Rural Married Women: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis. SAGE Open Nursing, 9, 23779608221150599.
14. Abdullah, M., Bilal, F., Khan, R., Ahmed, A., Khawaja, A. A., Sultan, F., & Khan, A. A. (2023). Raising the contraceptive prevalence rate to 50% by 2025 in Pakistan: an analysis of number of users and service delivery channels. Health Research Policy and Systems, 21(1), 4.
15. Kamuyango, A., Yu, T., Ao, C. K., Hu, S. C., Salim, L. A., Sulistyorini, Y., & Li, C. Y. (2023). Associations of Urban Residence and Wealth Index With Various Sources of Contraceptives Among Young Women Aged 15–24 Years in 25 Sub-Saharan African Countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 72(4), 599-606.
16. Memon, Z. A., Mian, A., Reale, S., Spencer, R., Bhutta, Z., & Soltani, H. (2023). Community and Health Care Provider Perspectives on Barriers to and Enablers of Family Planning Use in Rural Sindh, Pakistan: Qualitative Exploratory Study. JMIR formative research, 7(1), e43494.
17. Amoah, E. J., Hinneh, T., & Aklie, R. (2023). Determinants and prevalence of modern contraceptive use among sexually active female youth in the Berekum East Municipality, Ghana. Plos one, 18(6), e0286585.
18. Makumbi, F. E., Nabukeera, S., Tumwesigye, N. M., Namanda, C., Atuyambe, L., Mukose, A., ... & Ddungu, P. (2023). Socio-economic and education related inequities in use of modern contraceptive in seven sub-regions in Uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 201.
19. Masonbrink, A. R., Hurley, E. A., Schuetz, N., Rodean, J., Rupe, E., Lewis, K., ... & Miller, M. K. (2023). Sexual behaviors, contraception use and barriers among adolescents and young adults in rural Haiti. BMC Women's Health, 23(1), 1-10.
20. Wondimagegne, Y. A., Debelew, G. T., & Koricha, Z. B. (2023). Barriers to contraceptive use among secondary school adolescents in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: a formative qualitative study. BMJ open, 13(3).
21. Zeleke, G. T., & Zemedu, T. G. (2023). Modern contraception utilization and associated factors among all women aged 15–49 in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Women's Health, 23(1), 51.
22. Rodriguez, M. I., Skye, M., Schrote, K., Linz, R., Pedhiwala, N., Liberty, A., ... & Edelman, A. B. (2023). Contraceptive services in Oregon’s state-funded network during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contraception, 123, 110054.
23. Muluneh, M. D., Francis, L., Agho, K., & Stulz, V. (2023). The association of intimate partner violence and contraceptive use: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys. International journal for equity in
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Iqra Habib
MSN Student, Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore - Pakistan
Madiha Mukhtar
Assistant Professor, Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore – Pakistan.
Sarfraz Masih
Principal Associate Professor, Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore – Pakistan.
Kabir Ozighi Abdullahi
Assistant Professor, Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore – Pakistan.