ROLE OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE .RELAXATION TECHNIQUE ON ANXIETY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AMONG WOMEN AFTER TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY
Main Article Content
Keywords
Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique, Total Abdominal Hysterectomy, Anxiety, Physiological Parameter
Abstract
Background: A total abdominal hysterectomy is a surgical process that entails the extraction of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen. This procedure is frequently conducted to address conditions like uterine cancer, fibroids, or persistent pelvic pain. Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique (PMRT) induces deep relaxation by systematically tensing and releasing muscle groups. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on anxiety levels and physiological parameters among women who have undergone a total abdominal hysterectomy.
Methodology: The study employed a quasi-experimental research design. The research took place in the Gynecological wards of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. About 84 female patients undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy were recruited. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale was utilized to assess the anxiety levels of the patients, and the data analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 25.
Results: The result of study revealed that majority of women 62(73.8%) were married with age range of 25 to 45 years and majority 34(40.5%) had Secondary school education. Pre-Intervention Statistically significant differences in anxiety were observed at Post-Intervention, Follow-up 1, Follow-up 2, and Follow-up 3. Regarding physiological parameters, there was a significant difference in Blood Pressure at Post-Intervention, Follow-up 1, Follow-up 2, and Follow-up 3. However, no significant differences were found in other physiological parameters at these time points.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a statistically significant difference in anxiety levels at Post-Intervention, Follow-up 1, Follow-up 2, and Follow-up 3 after the application of PMRT. However, no significant differences were observed in physiological parameters at Post-Intervention, Follow-up 1, Follow-up 2, and Follow-up 3.
References
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4. Dubey, K. R., Telang, P. A., & Patel, L. (2023). Effect of Integrated Yoga Program Along With Pilates in Abdominal Hysterectomy Patients: A Case Report. Cureus, 15(10).
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6. Elsaqaa, H. S., Sobhy, S. I., & Zaki, N. H. (2021). Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Pain Intensity and Physiological Parameters among Post Hysterectomized Women. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 8(1), 11-24.
7. Elsayed Rady, S., El-Deeb, A. E.-M., & Abdou, H. (2020). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on post-operative pain and quality of recovery among patients with abdominal surgeries. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(4), 566-581.
8. Essa, R. M., Ismail, N., & Hassan, N. I. (2017). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress, anxiety, and depression after hysterectomy. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(7), 77.
9. Güler, B., & Mete, S. (2023). Effects of Relaxation-Focused Nursing Program in Women with Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Management Nursing.
10. Hiramatsu, Y. (2019). Basic standard procedure of abdominal hysterectomy: part 1. The Surgery Journal, 5(S 01), S2-S10.
11. Ibrahim, H. A.-F., Elgzar, W. T., & Hablas, R. M. (2021). The effect of Jacobson's progressive relaxation technique on postoperative pain, activity tolerance, and sleeping quality in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 26(4), 295.
12. Kamel Sadek Abd El Rahman, W., A Ahmed, A., & Mohamed El-Sayed Atwa, A. (2022). Effect of Benson Relaxation Therapy on Post-Operative Pain and Stress among Nulliparus Women undergoing Cesarean Section. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(3), 2053-2064.
13. Madueke-Laveaux, O. S., Elsharoud, A., & Al-Hendy, A. (2021). What we know about the long-term risks of hysterectomy for benign indication—a systematic review. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(22), 5335.
14. Mohamed, N. S., Elsayed, N. M., & Bakr, M. F. H. E. (2022). Effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on Shoulder Pain Intensity and Anxiety Level among Women Undergoing Gynecological Laparoscopy. NeuroQuantology, 20(9), 6455.
15. Noble, D. J., & Hochman, S. (2019). Hypothesis: pulmonary afferent activity patterns during slow, deep breathing contribute to the neural induction of physiological relaxation. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 1176.
16. Öztürk, R., Sevil, Ü., Sargin, A., & Yücebilgin, M. S. (2018). The effects of reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients after abdominal hysterectomy: A randomised controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine, 36, 107-112.
17. Patil, K., Faye, A., Gawande, S., Tadke, R., Bhave, S., & Kirpekar, V. (2017). Correlates of anxiety in patients posted for hysterectomy. Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 40-44.
18. Raza, N., Waqas, A., & Jamal, M. (2015). Post-operative anxiety, depression and psychiatric support in patients undergoing hysterectomy: a cross sectional survey. J Pak Med Assoc, 65(4), 443-445.
19. Shendre, V., & Taksande, V. (2021). Effect of Benson’s Relaxation Technique on Post-operative Stress and Pain among Women Undergone Abdominal Hysterectomy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(60B), 1055-1062.
20. Tanrıverdi, S., & Kılıç, S. P. (2023). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on abdominal pain and distension in colonoscopy patients. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 38(2), 224-231.
21. Zidan, S., Belal, S., Aljaber, N., Al Khamees, M., Mahmoud, W. M. A., & Ahme, W. M. E. (2022). Effect of Benson Muscle Relaxation Technique on Incisional Pain, Fatigue, and Anxiety Levels among Patients Post Abdominal Surgery. NeuroQuantology, 20(19), 1030.
22. Elsaqaa, H. S., Sobhy, S. I., & Zaki, N. H. (2021). Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Pain Intensity and Physiological Parameters among Post Hysterectomized Women. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 8(1), 11-24
23. Loh, E. W., Shih, H. F., Lin, C. K., & Huang, T. W. (2022). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on postoperative pain, fatigue, and vital signs in patients with head and neck cancers: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 105(7), 2151-2157.
24. Sahin, G., & Basak, T. (2020). The effects of intraoperative progressive muscle relaxation and virtual reality application on anxiety, vital signs, and satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 35(3), 269-276.
25. Essa, R. M., Ismail, N. I. A. A., & Hassan, N. I. (2017). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress, anxiety, and depression after hysterectomy. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(7), 77-86
26. Devmurari, D., & Nagrale, S. (2018). Effectiveness of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation technique for pain management in post-cesaerean women. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res, 5, 228-232.
27. Devi, R., & Saharia, K (2019). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on post-operative analgesia. Int J Med Res Rev. 2019: 5(2), 113-118
28. Ozhanli, Y., & Akyuz, N. (2020). The effect of progressive relaxation exercise on physiological parameters, pain and anxiety levels of patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized controlled study. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 37(2), 238-246.
29. Kısaarslan, M., & Aksoy, N. (2020). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise on postoperative pain level in patients undergoing open renal surgery: a nonrandomized evaluation. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 35(4), 389-396.
30. Suthahar N. (2020), a study to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on pain and physiological parameters among patients who are subjected to abdominal surgery in selected hospital at Bangalore 9(2),112-118.
31. Çınar, H., & Çam, R. (2018). The effects of progressive relaxation method on the patients applied total knee arthroplasty. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(12), 380-389.
32. Kömürkara, S., & Cengiz, Z. (2022). Effects of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Vital Signs and Fatigue in Liver Transplant Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Nursing Research, 31(3), 497-508.
33. Ko yi, Lin pi (2019). The effect of using a relaxation tape on pulse, respiration, blood pressure and anxiety levels of surgical patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2019; 21, 689–697
34. Toussaint, L., Nguyen, Q. A., Roettger, C., Dixon, K., Offenbächer, M., Kohls, N., ... & Sirois, F. (2021). Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, and guided imagery in promoting psychological and physiological states of relaxation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021.
35. Shekhar C, Paswan B, Singh A: Prevalence, sociodemographic determinants and self-reported reasons for hysterectomy in India. Reprod Health. 2019, 16:118. 10.1186/s12978-019-0780-z
36. Shahid, R., Abbas, H., Mumtaz, S., Perveen, F., Bari, M. F., Raja, T., ... & Dawani, K. (2020). Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy in Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus, 12(5).
37. Solehati T, Rustina Y. The Reduction of Anxiety Level with Benson Relaxation at Cibabat Cimahi Hospital. Journal of Nursing and Health Care (JNHC). 2018; 1(2): 167-171.
38. Chegeni, P. S., Gholami, M., Azargoon, A., Pour, A. H. H., Birjandi, M., & Norollahi, H. (2018). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the management of fatigue and quality of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 31, 64-70.
39. Naseeb, S., Dossal, A., & Rashid, S. (2021). An Audit of Hysterectomy at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan, 11(2), 95-100.
40. Taksande, V., & Shendre, V. (2021). Effect of Benson’s Relaxation Technique on Post-operative Stress and Pain among Women Undergone Abdominal Hysterectomy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 1055-1062.
41. Thorn, H., & Uhrenfeldt, L. (2020). The effectiveness of preoperative individual information on reducing anxiety and pain after hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 10(1).
42. Ali, S. A., Farahat, M. M., & ElShafei, M. A. M. (2019). Surgical approach to hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 77(3), 5279-5286.
43. Odynets, T., Briskin, Y., Todorova, V., Pasichna, T., & Yefremova, A. (2021). Effectiveness of yoga intervention enhanced by progressive muscular relaxation on pain in women after breast cancer surgery. Physiotherapy Quarterly, 28(4), 25-29.
44. İbrahimoğlu, Ö., & Kanan, N. (2017). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises after endotracheal extubation on vital signs and anxiety level in open heart surgery patients. Türk Yogun Bakim Dergisi, 15(3), 98-106.
45. Paula AAD, Carvalho EC, Santos CB (2019). The use of the “progressive muscle relaxation” technique for pain relief in gynecology and obstetrics. Rev Latino-am Enfermagem 2019 setembro-outubro; 10(5):654-9.
46. Rajeswari, S., & Sanjeeva Reddy,N.(2020). Efficacy of progressive muscles relaxation on pregnancy outcome among anxious indian primi mothers. Indian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 25(1),23.
47. Sharma,S., & Kaur, B. (2020). Effect of Progressive Muscles Relaxation on Anxiety among Antenatal opd mothers attending antenatal OPD of GGSMC & Hospital,Farid kot ,Punjab. Amarjeet kaus sandhu 12 (1), 79.
48. Javaherforooshzadeh, F., Amirpour, I., Janatmakan, F., & Soltanzadeh, M. (2018). Comparison of effects of melatonin and gabapentin on post operative anxiety and pain in lumbar spine surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Anesthesiology and pain medicine, 8(3).
49. Kausar, R., Khan, N., Rasool, F., Yusuf, S., & Spielberger, C. D. (2018). Translation and Adaptation of State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAIY) in Urdu. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 22(3).
50. Patil, K., Faye, A., Gawande, S., Tadke, R., Bhave, S., & Kirpekar, V. (2017). Correlates of anxiety in patients posted for hysterectomy. Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 40-44.
51. YilmazM; Bulut Y. The Effect of Progressive Breathing Relaxation Training on Preoperative Anxiety and Surgical Stress Response. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2020; 13 ( 2): 1287-1296.
2. Avci, N., & Oskay, U. (2023). Effect of reflexology on decreasing postoperative pain and anxiety after total abdominal hysterectomy. Holistic Nursing Practice, 37(2), 78-89.
3. Bhagdewani, N. N., Fating, T. B., Deshpande, S., Phansopkar, P., Wadhokar, O. C., Kulkarni, C. A., & Naqvi, W. M. A CASE STUDY ON THE TRAINING OF PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE FOLLOWING HYSTERECTOMY TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE.
4. Dubey, K. R., Telang, P. A., & Patel, L. (2023). Effect of Integrated Yoga Program Along With Pilates in Abdominal Hysterectomy Patients: A Case Report. Cureus, 15(10).
5. Ellinides, A., Manolopoulos, P. P., Hajymiri, M., Sergentanis, T. N., Trompoukis, P., & Ntourakis, D. (2022). Outpatient hysterectomy versus inpatient hysterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 29(1), 23-40. e27.
6. Elsaqaa, H. S., Sobhy, S. I., & Zaki, N. H. (2021). Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Pain Intensity and Physiological Parameters among Post Hysterectomized Women. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 8(1), 11-24.
7. Elsayed Rady, S., El-Deeb, A. E.-M., & Abdou, H. (2020). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on post-operative pain and quality of recovery among patients with abdominal surgeries. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 11(4), 566-581.
8. Essa, R. M., Ismail, N., & Hassan, N. I. (2017). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress, anxiety, and depression after hysterectomy. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(7), 77.
9. Güler, B., & Mete, S. (2023). Effects of Relaxation-Focused Nursing Program in Women with Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Management Nursing.
10. Hiramatsu, Y. (2019). Basic standard procedure of abdominal hysterectomy: part 1. The Surgery Journal, 5(S 01), S2-S10.
11. Ibrahim, H. A.-F., Elgzar, W. T., & Hablas, R. M. (2021). The effect of Jacobson's progressive relaxation technique on postoperative pain, activity tolerance, and sleeping quality in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 26(4), 295.
12. Kamel Sadek Abd El Rahman, W., A Ahmed, A., & Mohamed El-Sayed Atwa, A. (2022). Effect of Benson Relaxation Therapy on Post-Operative Pain and Stress among Nulliparus Women undergoing Cesarean Section. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(3), 2053-2064.
13. Madueke-Laveaux, O. S., Elsharoud, A., & Al-Hendy, A. (2021). What we know about the long-term risks of hysterectomy for benign indication—a systematic review. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(22), 5335.
14. Mohamed, N. S., Elsayed, N. M., & Bakr, M. F. H. E. (2022). Effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on Shoulder Pain Intensity and Anxiety Level among Women Undergoing Gynecological Laparoscopy. NeuroQuantology, 20(9), 6455.
15. Noble, D. J., & Hochman, S. (2019). Hypothesis: pulmonary afferent activity patterns during slow, deep breathing contribute to the neural induction of physiological relaxation. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 1176.
16. Öztürk, R., Sevil, Ü., Sargin, A., & Yücebilgin, M. S. (2018). The effects of reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients after abdominal hysterectomy: A randomised controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine, 36, 107-112.
17. Patil, K., Faye, A., Gawande, S., Tadke, R., Bhave, S., & Kirpekar, V. (2017). Correlates of anxiety in patients posted for hysterectomy. Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 40-44.
18. Raza, N., Waqas, A., & Jamal, M. (2015). Post-operative anxiety, depression and psychiatric support in patients undergoing hysterectomy: a cross sectional survey. J Pak Med Assoc, 65(4), 443-445.
19. Shendre, V., & Taksande, V. (2021). Effect of Benson’s Relaxation Technique on Post-operative Stress and Pain among Women Undergone Abdominal Hysterectomy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(60B), 1055-1062.
20. Tanrıverdi, S., & Kılıç, S. P. (2023). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on abdominal pain and distension in colonoscopy patients. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 38(2), 224-231.
21. Zidan, S., Belal, S., Aljaber, N., Al Khamees, M., Mahmoud, W. M. A., & Ahme, W. M. E. (2022). Effect of Benson Muscle Relaxation Technique on Incisional Pain, Fatigue, and Anxiety Levels among Patients Post Abdominal Surgery. NeuroQuantology, 20(19), 1030.
22. Elsaqaa, H. S., Sobhy, S. I., & Zaki, N. H. (2021). Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Pain Intensity and Physiological Parameters among Post Hysterectomized Women. International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, 8(1), 11-24
23. Loh, E. W., Shih, H. F., Lin, C. K., & Huang, T. W. (2022). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on postoperative pain, fatigue, and vital signs in patients with head and neck cancers: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 105(7), 2151-2157.
24. Sahin, G., & Basak, T. (2020). The effects of intraoperative progressive muscle relaxation and virtual reality application on anxiety, vital signs, and satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 35(3), 269-276.
25. Essa, R. M., Ismail, N. I. A. A., & Hassan, N. I. (2017). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress, anxiety, and depression after hysterectomy. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(7), 77-86
26. Devmurari, D., & Nagrale, S. (2018). Effectiveness of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation technique for pain management in post-cesaerean women. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res, 5, 228-232.
27. Devi, R., & Saharia, K (2019). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on post-operative analgesia. Int J Med Res Rev. 2019: 5(2), 113-118
28. Ozhanli, Y., & Akyuz, N. (2020). The effect of progressive relaxation exercise on physiological parameters, pain and anxiety levels of patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized controlled study. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 37(2), 238-246.
29. Kısaarslan, M., & Aksoy, N. (2020). Effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise on postoperative pain level in patients undergoing open renal surgery: a nonrandomized evaluation. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 35(4), 389-396.
30. Suthahar N. (2020), a study to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on pain and physiological parameters among patients who are subjected to abdominal surgery in selected hospital at Bangalore 9(2),112-118.
31. Çınar, H., & Çam, R. (2018). The effects of progressive relaxation method on the patients applied total knee arthroplasty. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(12), 380-389.
32. Kömürkara, S., & Cengiz, Z. (2022). Effects of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Vital Signs and Fatigue in Liver Transplant Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Nursing Research, 31(3), 497-508.
33. Ko yi, Lin pi (2019). The effect of using a relaxation tape on pulse, respiration, blood pressure and anxiety levels of surgical patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2019; 21, 689–697
34. Toussaint, L., Nguyen, Q. A., Roettger, C., Dixon, K., Offenbächer, M., Kohls, N., ... & Sirois, F. (2021). Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, and guided imagery in promoting psychological and physiological states of relaxation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021.
35. Shekhar C, Paswan B, Singh A: Prevalence, sociodemographic determinants and self-reported reasons for hysterectomy in India. Reprod Health. 2019, 16:118. 10.1186/s12978-019-0780-z
36. Shahid, R., Abbas, H., Mumtaz, S., Perveen, F., Bari, M. F., Raja, T., ... & Dawani, K. (2020). Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy in Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus, 12(5).
37. Solehati T, Rustina Y. The Reduction of Anxiety Level with Benson Relaxation at Cibabat Cimahi Hospital. Journal of Nursing and Health Care (JNHC). 2018; 1(2): 167-171.
38. Chegeni, P. S., Gholami, M., Azargoon, A., Pour, A. H. H., Birjandi, M., & Norollahi, H. (2018). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the management of fatigue and quality of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 31, 64-70.
39. Naseeb, S., Dossal, A., & Rashid, S. (2021). An Audit of Hysterectomy at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan, 11(2), 95-100.
40. Taksande, V., & Shendre, V. (2021). Effect of Benson’s Relaxation Technique on Post-operative Stress and Pain among Women Undergone Abdominal Hysterectomy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 1055-1062.
41. Thorn, H., & Uhrenfeldt, L. (2020). The effectiveness of preoperative individual information on reducing anxiety and pain after hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 10(1).
42. Ali, S. A., Farahat, M. M., & ElShafei, M. A. M. (2019). Surgical approach to hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 77(3), 5279-5286.
43. Odynets, T., Briskin, Y., Todorova, V., Pasichna, T., & Yefremova, A. (2021). Effectiveness of yoga intervention enhanced by progressive muscular relaxation on pain in women after breast cancer surgery. Physiotherapy Quarterly, 28(4), 25-29.
44. İbrahimoğlu, Ö., & Kanan, N. (2017). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises after endotracheal extubation on vital signs and anxiety level in open heart surgery patients. Türk Yogun Bakim Dergisi, 15(3), 98-106.
45. Paula AAD, Carvalho EC, Santos CB (2019). The use of the “progressive muscle relaxation” technique for pain relief in gynecology and obstetrics. Rev Latino-am Enfermagem 2019 setembro-outubro; 10(5):654-9.
46. Rajeswari, S., & Sanjeeva Reddy,N.(2020). Efficacy of progressive muscles relaxation on pregnancy outcome among anxious indian primi mothers. Indian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 25(1),23.
47. Sharma,S., & Kaur, B. (2020). Effect of Progressive Muscles Relaxation on Anxiety among Antenatal opd mothers attending antenatal OPD of GGSMC & Hospital,Farid kot ,Punjab. Amarjeet kaus sandhu 12 (1), 79.
48. Javaherforooshzadeh, F., Amirpour, I., Janatmakan, F., & Soltanzadeh, M. (2018). Comparison of effects of melatonin and gabapentin on post operative anxiety and pain in lumbar spine surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Anesthesiology and pain medicine, 8(3).
49. Kausar, R., Khan, N., Rasool, F., Yusuf, S., & Spielberger, C. D. (2018). Translation and Adaptation of State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAIY) in Urdu. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 22(3).
50. Patil, K., Faye, A., Gawande, S., Tadke, R., Bhave, S., & Kirpekar, V. (2017). Correlates of anxiety in patients posted for hysterectomy. Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 40-44.
51. YilmazM; Bulut Y. The Effect of Progressive Breathing Relaxation Training on Preoperative Anxiety and Surgical Stress Response. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2020; 13 ( 2): 1287-1296.
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Feb 10, 2024
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Farah Yousaf Gil, Hajra Sarwer, & Madiha Mukhtar. (2024). ROLE OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE .RELAXATION TECHNIQUE ON ANXIETY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AMONG WOMEN AFTER TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i2.4315
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Author Biographies
Farah Yousaf Gil
MSN Student at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore
Hajra Sarwer
Assistant Professor at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore
Madiha Mukhtar
Assistant Professor at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore