“HARNESSING NATURE’S STRENGTH: HERBS AS IMMUNITY ENHANCERS”
Main Article Content
Keywords
.
Abstract
For centuries, individuals have used regular medications to retouch a grouping of body
ailgnments. The vast majority of phytochemicals, which have various pharmacological applications in addition, consolidate alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, glucosinolates, and glycosides are viewed as in plants. Clinical exploration has exhibited the immunomodulatory properties of these dynamic mixtures. A substance known as a natural immunomodulator can either increment or diminishing the invulnerable framework's intrinsic and versatile immunological reactions. Overall sensible survey is at this point zeroed in on how different helpful plant parts can change the safe system. Different Rasayana Indian common spices have been shown to have immunomodulatory properties in a number of instances. The majority of the focus of the study is on 13 Indian kitchen recipes that are used as flavors and boost resistance in the body by both explicit and vague systems
References
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11. Gebreyohannes G, Gebreyohannes M. Medicinal values of garlic: a review. Int J Med Sci. 2013 ;5:401-408.
12. Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacological research. 2016 ,1;111:180-200.
13. Dayib K, Debella A, Abay SM. Diuretic activities of hydro-alcoholic extract and solvent fractions of the roots of Withania somnifera L.(Solanacaea) in rats. Int J Complement Alt Med. 2021 ;14(3):131-6.
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15. Singh D, Chaudhuri PK. Chemistry and pharmacology of Tinospora cordifolia. Natural product communications. 2017;12(2):1934578X1701200240.
16. Manayi A, Vazirian M, Saeidnia S. Echinacea purpurea: Pharmacology, phytochemistry and analysis methods. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2015;9(17):63.
17. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Gibbons S, Phillipson JD. Echinacea species (Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2005;57(8):929-54.
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19. Lienert D, Anklam E, Panne U. Gas chromatography‐mass spectral analysis of roots of Echinacea species and classification by multivariate data analysis. Phytochemical Analysis: An International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques. 1998;9(2):88-98.
20. Mashhadi NS, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Hariri M, Darvishi L, Mofid MR. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: review of current evidence. International journal of preventive medicine. 2013;4(Suppl 1):S36.
21. Singh S. Magical ayurvedic spices and herbs that can boost our immunity. MOJ Food Process Technols. 2020;8(3):99-102.
22. Zehsaz F, Farhangi N, Mirheidari L. Clinical immunology The effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in well-trained male endurance runners. Central European Journal of Immunology. 2014;39(2):174-80.
23. Asdaq SM, Inamdar MN. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of propranolol with garlic (Allium sativum) in rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011;1-11.
24. Miron T, Rabinkov A, Mirelman D, Wilchek M, Weiner L. The mode of action of allicin: its ready permeability through phospholipid membranes may contribute to its biological activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes. 2000 ,15;1463(1):20-30.
25. E. Block, The organosulfur chemistry of the genus Allium ^ Implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur, Angew. Chem. 31 (1992) 1135-1178.
26. Bayan L, Koulivand PH, Gorji A. Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014;4(1):1-14.
27. Manayi A, Vazirian M, Saeidnia S. Echinacea purpurea: Pharmacology, phytochemistry and analysis methods. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2015;9(17):63-72.
28. Reinhart KM, Talati R, White CM, Coleman CI. The impact of garlic on lipid parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition research reviews. 2009;22(1):39-48.
29. Cohen MM. Tulsi-Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2014;5(4):251.
30. Rahmani AH, Aldebasi YH, Srikar S, Khan AA, Aly SM. Aloe vera: Potential candidate in health management via modulation of biological activities. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2015;9(18):120-126.
31. Cortés-Rojas DF, de Souza CR, Oliveira WP. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine. 2014 ,1;4(2):90-96.
32. Vicidomini C, Roviello V, Roviello GN. Molecular basis of the therapeutical potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and clues to its anti-COVID-19 utility. Molecules. 2021 ,26;26(7):1880,1-12.
33. Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Stoilova I, Stoyanova A, Krastanov A, Schmidt E. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of clove leaf essential oil. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54(17): 6303-6307.
34. Snow AD, Castillo GM, Nguyen BP, Choi PY, Cummings JA, Cam J, Hu Q, Lake T, Pan W, Kastin AJ, Kirschner DA. The Amazon rain forest plant Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw) and its specific proanthocyanidin constituents are potent inhibitors and reducers of both brain plaques and tangles. Scientific reports. 2019 ,6;9(1):1-28.
35. Seely D, Dugoua JJ, Perri D, Mills EM, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology. 2008;15(1),e87-e94.
36. Liu H, Lu X, Hu Y, Fan X. Chemical constituents of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng explain why they differ in therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacological research. 2020 ,1;161:105263,1-17.
37. Niranjan A, Prakash D. Chemical constituents and biological activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa l.)-a review. J Food Sci Technol, 2008, 45(2),109-116.
38. Verma RK, Kumari P, Maurya RK, Kumar V, Verma RB, Singh RK. Medicinal properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.): A review. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 2018;6(4):1354-1357.
39. Spelman K, Burns JJ, Nichols D, Winters N, Ottersberg S, Tenborg M. Modulation of cytokine expression by traditional medicines: a review of herbal immunomodulators. Alternative medicine review. 2006 ,1;11(2):128-150.
40. Yadav RP, Tarun G. Versatility of turmeric: A review the golden spice of life. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017;6(1):41-6.
41. Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Cardoso SM, Salgueiro L. New claims for wild carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota) essential oil. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;1-10.
42. Jabrane A, Jannet HB, Harzallah‐Skhiri F, Mastouri M, Casanova J, Mighri Z. Flower and Root Oils of the Tunisian Daucus carota L. ssp. maritimus (Apiaceae): Integrated Analyses by GC, GC/MS, and 13C‐NMR Spectroscopy, and in vitro Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2009;6(6):881-889.
43. Al-Snafi AE. Nutritional and therapeutic importance of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of pharmacy. 2017;7(2):72-88.
44. Gupta SC, Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Neem (Azadirachta indica): An indian traditional panacea with modern molecular basis. Phytomedicine. 2017 ,15;34:14-20.
45. Maji S, Modak S. Neem: Treasure of natural phytochemicals. Chem Sci Rev Lett. 2021 ;10:396-401.
46. El-Refai AA, Ghoniem GA, El-Boraey NA, Shetti SH. Chemical, sensory and biological evaluation of bread prepared using some herbs as source of bioactive compounds. Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences. 2015 ,1;6(7):481-99.
47. Sharangi AB, Guha S. Wonders of leafy spices: Medicinal properties ensuring Human Health. Science International. 2013; 312-317.
48. Dauqan EM, Abdullah A. Medicinal and functional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herb. Journal of applied biology and biotechnology. 2017 ,20;5(2):017-22.
49. Ocaña A, Reglero G. Effects of thyme extract oils (from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, and Thymus hyemalis) on cytokine production and gene expression of oxLDL-stimulated THP-1-macrophages. Journal of obesity. 2012;1-11.
50. Bystrická J, Musilová J, Vollmannová A, Timoracká M, Kavalcová P. Bioactive components of onion (Allium cepa L.)—A Review. Acta Alimentaria. 2013 ,1;42(1):11-22.
51. Elberry AA, Mufti S, Al-Maghrabi J, Abdel Sattar E, Ghareib SA, Mosli HA, Gabr SA. Immunomodulatory effect of red onion (Allium cepa Linn) scale extract on experimentally induced atypical prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. Mediators of Inflammation. 2014 ,13;2014,1-13.
2. Retief FP, Cilliers L. The epidemic of Athens, 430-426 BC. South African Medical Journal. 1998;88(1):50-3.
3. Abdel-Aziz SM, Aeron A, Garg N. Fortified foods and medicinal plants as immunemodulators. In Microbes in food and health 2016 (143-162).
4. Plotkin SA. Vaccines: past, present and future. Nature medicine. 2005 Apr;11(4):S5-11.
5. Schroeder Jr HW, Cavacini L. Structure and function of immunoglobulins. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010 ,1;125(2):S41-52.
6. Bonilla FA, Oettgen HC. Adaptive immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2010; 125(2): 3340.
7. Lindsay B. The immune system. Essays Biochem, 2016; 60(3): 275-301.
8. Turvey SE, Broide DH. Innate immunity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2010 ,1;125(2):S24-32.
9. Craig WJ. Health-promoting properties of common herbs. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 ;70:491s-9s.
10. Kyo E, Uda N, Kasuga S, Itakura Y. Immuno modulatory Effects of Aged Garlic Extract. J Nutr. 2001 ;131:1075S-9S.
11. Gebreyohannes G, Gebreyohannes M. Medicinal values of garlic: a review. Int J Med Sci. 2013 ;5:401-408.
12. Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms. Pharmacological research. 2016 ,1;111:180-200.
13. Dayib K, Debella A, Abay SM. Diuretic activities of hydro-alcoholic extract and solvent fractions of the roots of Withania somnifera L.(Solanacaea) in rats. Int J Complement Alt Med. 2021 ;14(3):131-6.
14. Somasundaram S, Sadique J, Subramoniam A. Influence of extra-intestinal inflammation on the in vitro absorption of 14C-glucose and the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in the jejunum of rats. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 1983 ,1;10(2):147-52.
15. Singh D, Chaudhuri PK. Chemistry and pharmacology of Tinospora cordifolia. Natural product communications. 2017;12(2):1934578X1701200240.
16. Manayi A, Vazirian M, Saeidnia S. Echinacea purpurea: Pharmacology, phytochemistry and analysis methods. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2015;9(17):63.
17. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Gibbons S, Phillipson JD. Echinacea species (Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2005;57(8):929-54.
18. Woelkart K, Marth E, Suter A, Schoop R, Raggam RB, Koidl C, Kleinhappl B, Bauer R. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Echinacea purpurea preparations and their interaction with the immune system. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2006;44(9).
19. Lienert D, Anklam E, Panne U. Gas chromatography‐mass spectral analysis of roots of Echinacea species and classification by multivariate data analysis. Phytochemical Analysis: An International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques. 1998;9(2):88-98.
20. Mashhadi NS, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Hariri M, Darvishi L, Mofid MR. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: review of current evidence. International journal of preventive medicine. 2013;4(Suppl 1):S36.
21. Singh S. Magical ayurvedic spices and herbs that can boost our immunity. MOJ Food Process Technols. 2020;8(3):99-102.
22. Zehsaz F, Farhangi N, Mirheidari L. Clinical immunology The effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in well-trained male endurance runners. Central European Journal of Immunology. 2014;39(2):174-80.
23. Asdaq SM, Inamdar MN. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of propranolol with garlic (Allium sativum) in rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011;1-11.
24. Miron T, Rabinkov A, Mirelman D, Wilchek M, Weiner L. The mode of action of allicin: its ready permeability through phospholipid membranes may contribute to its biological activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes. 2000 ,15;1463(1):20-30.
25. E. Block, The organosulfur chemistry of the genus Allium ^ Implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur, Angew. Chem. 31 (1992) 1135-1178.
26. Bayan L, Koulivand PH, Gorji A. Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014;4(1):1-14.
27. Manayi A, Vazirian M, Saeidnia S. Echinacea purpurea: Pharmacology, phytochemistry and analysis methods. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2015;9(17):63-72.
28. Reinhart KM, Talati R, White CM, Coleman CI. The impact of garlic on lipid parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition research reviews. 2009;22(1):39-48.
29. Cohen MM. Tulsi-Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2014;5(4):251.
30. Rahmani AH, Aldebasi YH, Srikar S, Khan AA, Aly SM. Aloe vera: Potential candidate in health management via modulation of biological activities. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2015;9(18):120-126.
31. Cortés-Rojas DF, de Souza CR, Oliveira WP. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine. 2014 ,1;4(2):90-96.
32. Vicidomini C, Roviello V, Roviello GN. Molecular basis of the therapeutical potential of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and clues to its anti-COVID-19 utility. Molecules. 2021 ,26;26(7):1880,1-12.
33. Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Stoilova I, Stoyanova A, Krastanov A, Schmidt E. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of clove leaf essential oil. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54(17): 6303-6307.
34. Snow AD, Castillo GM, Nguyen BP, Choi PY, Cummings JA, Cam J, Hu Q, Lake T, Pan W, Kastin AJ, Kirschner DA. The Amazon rain forest plant Uncaria tomentosa (cat’s claw) and its specific proanthocyanidin constituents are potent inhibitors and reducers of both brain plaques and tangles. Scientific reports. 2019 ,6;9(1):1-28.
35. Seely D, Dugoua JJ, Perri D, Mills EM, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology. 2008;15(1),e87-e94.
36. Liu H, Lu X, Hu Y, Fan X. Chemical constituents of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng explain why they differ in therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacological research. 2020 ,1;161:105263,1-17.
37. Niranjan A, Prakash D. Chemical constituents and biological activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa l.)-a review. J Food Sci Technol, 2008, 45(2),109-116.
38. Verma RK, Kumari P, Maurya RK, Kumar V, Verma RB, Singh RK. Medicinal properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.): A review. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 2018;6(4):1354-1357.
39. Spelman K, Burns JJ, Nichols D, Winters N, Ottersberg S, Tenborg M. Modulation of cytokine expression by traditional medicines: a review of herbal immunomodulators. Alternative medicine review. 2006 ,1;11(2):128-150.
40. Yadav RP, Tarun G. Versatility of turmeric: A review the golden spice of life. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017;6(1):41-6.
41. Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Cardoso SM, Salgueiro L. New claims for wild carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota) essential oil. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;1-10.
42. Jabrane A, Jannet HB, Harzallah‐Skhiri F, Mastouri M, Casanova J, Mighri Z. Flower and Root Oils of the Tunisian Daucus carota L. ssp. maritimus (Apiaceae): Integrated Analyses by GC, GC/MS, and 13C‐NMR Spectroscopy, and in vitro Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2009;6(6):881-889.
43. Al-Snafi AE. Nutritional and therapeutic importance of Daucus carota-A review. IOSR Journal of pharmacy. 2017;7(2):72-88.
44. Gupta SC, Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Neem (Azadirachta indica): An indian traditional panacea with modern molecular basis. Phytomedicine. 2017 ,15;34:14-20.
45. Maji S, Modak S. Neem: Treasure of natural phytochemicals. Chem Sci Rev Lett. 2021 ;10:396-401.
46. El-Refai AA, Ghoniem GA, El-Boraey NA, Shetti SH. Chemical, sensory and biological evaluation of bread prepared using some herbs as source of bioactive compounds. Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences. 2015 ,1;6(7):481-99.
47. Sharangi AB, Guha S. Wonders of leafy spices: Medicinal properties ensuring Human Health. Science International. 2013; 312-317.
48. Dauqan EM, Abdullah A. Medicinal and functional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herb. Journal of applied biology and biotechnology. 2017 ,20;5(2):017-22.
49. Ocaña A, Reglero G. Effects of thyme extract oils (from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, and Thymus hyemalis) on cytokine production and gene expression of oxLDL-stimulated THP-1-macrophages. Journal of obesity. 2012;1-11.
50. Bystrická J, Musilová J, Vollmannová A, Timoracká M, Kavalcová P. Bioactive components of onion (Allium cepa L.)—A Review. Acta Alimentaria. 2013 ,1;42(1):11-22.
51. Elberry AA, Mufti S, Al-Maghrabi J, Abdel Sattar E, Ghareib SA, Mosli HA, Gabr SA. Immunomodulatory effect of red onion (Allium cepa Linn) scale extract on experimentally induced atypical prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. Mediators of Inflammation. 2014 ,13;2014,1-13.
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Dec 16, 2023
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Manthan P Makwana, Dr. Nishkruti Mehta, & Dr. Pragnesh Patani. (2023). “HARNESSING NATURE’S STRENGTH: HERBS AS IMMUNITY ENHANCERS”. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 1999–2011. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.4125
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Author Biographies
Manthan P Makwana
Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
Dr. Nishkruti Mehta
Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad
Dr. Pragnesh Patani
Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad