Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Properties of Oregano, Coffee and Black Cumin Formulation
Main Article Content
Keywords
Oregano, coffee, black cumin, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial
Abstract
Background: Fresh oregano has a great antibacterial agent. Coffee, also known as coffee bean consists of the dried ripe seeds of Coffea arabica Linn is a rich source of dietary antioxidants and has great anti-inflammatory properties. Nigella sativa(Black Cumin) seeds are useful for therapeutic purposes and could be developed as anticancer agent as well as for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies
Aim: To assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of oregano, coffee and black cumin herbal formulation.
Materials And Methods: 1g of oregano, coffee and black cumin mixed with 100 mL of distilled water and boiled for 15 minutes, filtered and again concentrated till 10mL. The antioxidant activity of this herbal formulation is assessed by mixing it with DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay. The anti-microbial activity is assessed by administration of this herbal plant extracts into media containing Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Result: The spectrophotometer readings of antioxidant assay shows that 50% of oregano, coffee and black cumin extracts have more absorption percentage of about 90.6%.In antimicrobial activity, out of four bacteria, the maximum zone of inhibition is seen in Enterococcus Faecalis.
Conclusion: This study shows the formulation of oregano, coffee and black cumin produces good antioxidants when compared with other antioxidants. There are also good antimicrobial properties in these extracts. Hence oregano, coffee and black cumin formulations can be used as safe herbal alternatives instead of chemicals in commercially available antioxidants and antimicrobials for oral lesions.
References
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28. Charles DJ. Oregano [Internet]. Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources. 2012. p. 449–58. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4310-0_43
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30. Esquivel P, Jiménez VM. Functional properties of coffee and coffee by-products [Internet]. Vol. 46, Food Research International. 2012. p. 488–95. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.05.028
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43. Soleimanifar M, Niazmand R, Jafari SM. Evaluation of oxidative stability, fatty acid profile, and antioxidant properties of black cumin seed oil and extract [Internet]. Vol. 13, Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2019. p. 383–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9953-7
44. Hać-Szymańczuk E, Cegiełka A, Chmiel M, Czaja K. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Oregano on Quality Characteristics of Model Pork Batters [Internet]. Vol. 41, Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 2017. p. e12796. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12796
45. Li Y-M, Peng J, Li L-Z. Coffee consumption associated with reduced risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Apr;121(4):381–9.e1.
46. Tavani A, Bertuzzi M, Talamini R, Gallus S, Parpinel M, Franceschi S, et al. Coffee and tea intake and risk of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal cancer. Oral Oncol. 2003 Oct;39(7):695–700.
2. Ghizlane H, Aziz B. Pharmacological properties of some medicinal plants, its components and using fields [Internet]. Fruits, Vegetables, and Herbs. 2016. p. 41–56. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802972-5.00003-2
3. antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Some Plant Extracts [Internet]. Vol. 44, Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research. 2017. p. 1061–71. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2017.52305
4. Bao HJ, Jiang Y, Liu JQ, Zhang HY. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan-PE Bi-Layer Films by Incorporating Oregano Essential Oil [Internet]. Vol. 469, Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013. p. 140–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.140
5. Oleynikov V. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of oregano extract (Origani vulgaris herba L.) [Internet]. Vol. 8, Foods and Raw Materials. 2020. p. 84–90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-84-90
6. Chandra S, Chatterjee P, Dey P, Bhattacharya S. Evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of coffee against the denaturation of protein [Internet]. Vol. 2, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2012. p. S178–80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60154-3
7. Colombo R, Papetti A. Decaffeinated coffee and its benefits on health: focus on systemic disorders [Internet]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2020. p. 1–17. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1779175
8. Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BSF, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014 Dec;17(12):929–38.
9. Cumin and Black Cumin [Internet]. Top 100 Exotic Food Plants. 2011. p. 246–53. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11391-39
10. Office E, Editorial Office. Black cumin seeds show promising anti-cancer effects [Internet]. Vol. 3, Advances in Modern Oncology Research. 2017. p. 10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v3.i1.207
11. Dinesh S, Kumaran P, Mohanamurugan S, Vijay R, Singaravelu DL, Vinod A, et al. Influence of wood dust fillers on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption and biodegradation characteristics of jute fiber epoxy composites. J Polym Res. 2019 Dec 6;27(1):9.
12. Vairavel M, Devaraj E, Shanmugam R. An eco-friendly synthesis of Enterococcus sp.-mediated gold nanoparticle induces cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Mar;27(8):8166–75.
13. Rajagopal R, Padmanabhan S, Gnanamani J. A comparison of shear bond strength and debonding characteristics of conventional, moisture-insensitive, and self-etching primers in vitro. Angle Orthod. 2004 Apr;74(2):264–8.
14. Ke Y, Al Aboody MS, Alturaiki W, Alsagaby SA, Alfaiz FA, Veeraraghavan VP, et al. Photosynthesized gold nanoparticles from Catharanthus roseus induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2019 Dec;47(1):1938–46.
15. Gomathi AC, Xavier Rajarathinam SR, Mohammed Sadiq A, Rajeshkumar S. Anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous fruit shell extract of Tamarindus indica on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020 Feb 1;55:101376.
16. Gheena S, Ezhilarasan D. Syringic acid triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2019 Jun;38(6):694–702.
17. Murugan MA, Jayaseelan V, Jayabalakrishnan D, Maridurai T, Kumar SS, Ramesh G, et al. Low Velocity Impact and Mechanical Behaviour of Shot Blasted SiC Wire-Mesh and Silane-Treated Aloevera/Hemp/Flax-Reinforced SiC Whisker Modified Epoxy Resin Composites. Silicon Chem. 2020 Aug 1;12(8):1847–56.
18. Neelakantan P, Sharma S, Shemesh H, Wesselink PR. Influence of Irrigation Sequence on the Adhesion of Root Canal Sealers to Dentin: A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Push-out Bond Strength Analysis. J Endod. 2015Jul;41(7):1108–11.
19. Ezhilarasan D, Sokal E, Najimi M. Hepatic fibrosis: It is time to go with hepatic stellate cell-specific therapeutic targets. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2018 Jun;17(3):192–7.
20. Vishnu Prasad S, Kumar M, Ramakrishnan M, Ravikumar D. Report on oral health status and treatment needs of 5-15 years old children with sensory deficits in Chennai, India. Spec Care Dentist. 2018 Jan;38(1):58–9.
21. Patil SB, Durairaj D, Suresh Kumar G, Karthikeyan D, Pradeep D. Comparison of Extended Nasolabial Flap Versus Buccal Fat Pad Graft in the Surgical Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Prospective Pilot Study [Internet]. Vol. 16, Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2017. p. 312–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12663-016-0975-6
22. Sahu D, Kannan GM, Vijayaraghavan R. Carbon black particle exhibits size dependent toxicity in human monocytes. Int J Inflam. 2014 Feb 5;2014:827019.
23. Uthrakumar R, Vesta C, Raj CJ, Krishnan S, Das SJ. Bulk crystal growth and characterization of non-linear optical bisthiourea zinc chloride single crystal by unidirectional growth method. Curr Appl Phys. 2010 Mar 1;10(2):548–52.
24. Jeevanandan G, Govindaraju L. Clinical comparison of Kedo-S paediatric rotary files vs manual instrumentation for root canal preparation in primary molars: a double blinded randomised clinical trial [Internet]. Vol. 19, European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2018. p. 273–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-0356-6
25. Krishnamurthy A, Sherlin HJ, Ramalingam K, Natesan A, Premkumar P, Ramani P, et al. Glandular odontogenic cyst: report of two cases and review of literature. Head Neck Pathol. 2009 Jun;3(2):153–8.
26. Abdul Wahab PU, Senthil Nathan P, Madhulaxmi M, Muthusekhar MR, Loong SC, Abhinav RP. Risk Factors for Post-operative Infection Following Single Piece Osteotomy. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017 Sep;16(3):328–32.
27. aruoma Oi, Halliwell B. Antioxidant And Pro-Oxidant Actions Of Dietary Components [Internet]. Food and Cancer Prevention. 2005. p. 119–24. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698256.3.119
28. Charles DJ. Oregano [Internet]. Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources. 2012. p. 449–58. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4310-0_43
29. Ludwig IA, Clifford MN, Lean MEJ, Ashihara H, Crozier A. Coffee: biochemistry and potential impact on health. Food Funct. 2014 Aug;5(8):1695–717.
30. Esquivel P, Jiménez VM. Functional properties of coffee and coffee by-products [Internet]. Vol. 46, Food Research International. 2012. p. 488–95. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.05.028
31. Jeszka-Skowron M, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Grześkowiak T. Analytical methods applied for the characterization and the determination of bioactive compounds in coffee [Internet]. Vol. 240, European Food Research and Technology. 2015. p. 19–31. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-014-2356-z
32. Narotzki B, Reznick AZ, Aizenbud D, Levy Y. Green tea: a promising natural product in oral health. Arch Oral Biol. 2012 May;57(5):429–35.
33. Caffeine: Benefits, Risks and Effects-A Review [Internet]. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v11i3.1161
34. Bättig K. The Physiological Effects of Coffee Consumption [Internet]. Coffee. 1985. p. 394–439. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6657-1_15
35. Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017 Nov 22;359:j5024.
36. Grosso G, Micek A, Godos J, Sciacca S, Pajak A, Martínez-González MA, et al. Coffee consumption and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in smokers and non-smokers: a dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016 Dec;31(12):1191–205.
37. Yu X, Bao Z, Zou J, Dong J. Coffee consumption and risk of cancers: a meta-analysis of cohort studies [Internet]. Vol. 11, BMC Cancer. 2011. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-11-96
38. Wang A, Wang S, Zhu C, Huang H, Wu L, Wan X, et al. Coffee and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies [Internet]. Vol. 6, Scientific Reports. 2016. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep33711
39. Godos J, Micek A, Marranzano M, Salomone F, Rio D, Ray S. Coffee Consumption and Risk of Biliary Tract Cancers and Liver Cancer: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies [Internet]. Vol. 9, Nutrients. 2017. p. 950. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9090950
40. Gong T-T, Li D, Wu Q-J, Wang Y-Z. Cholesterol consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies [Internet]. Vol. 7, Oncotarget. 2016. p. 16996–7008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7913
41. Caini S, Cattaruzza MS, Bendinelli B, Tosti G, Masala G, Gnagnarella P, et al. Coffee, tea and caffeine intake and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: a review of the literature and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2017 Feb;56(1):1–12.
42. Bravi F, Tavani A, Bosetti C, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C. Coffee and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2017 Sep;26(5):368–77.
43. Soleimanifar M, Niazmand R, Jafari SM. Evaluation of oxidative stability, fatty acid profile, and antioxidant properties of black cumin seed oil and extract [Internet]. Vol. 13, Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2019. p. 383–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9953-7
44. Hać-Szymańczuk E, Cegiełka A, Chmiel M, Czaja K. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Oregano on Quality Characteristics of Model Pork Batters [Internet]. Vol. 41, Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 2017. p. e12796. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12796
45. Li Y-M, Peng J, Li L-Z. Coffee consumption associated with reduced risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2016 Apr;121(4):381–9.e1.
46. Tavani A, Bertuzzi M, Talamini R, Gallus S, Parpinel M, Franceschi S, et al. Coffee and tea intake and risk of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal cancer. Oral Oncol. 2003 Oct;39(7):695–700.
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Apr 11, 2023
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Amritha Sripoo.R, Uma Maheswari.T. N, & Rajeshkumar.S. (2023). Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Properties of Oregano, Coffee and Black Cumin Formulation. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(6), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.06.028
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