PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
Oral mucosal lesions; Hospitalized patients; Systemic diseases; Prevalence; Cross-sectional study
Abstract
Oral mucosal lesions represent a significant health concern among hospitalized patients, often reflecting underlying systemic conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and their association with systemic diseases among hospitalized patients at a tertiary care center in Maharashtra, India.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at N. K. P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Maharashtra, from March 2016 to August 2016. A total of 600 hospitalized adult patients were examined using systematic sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and clinical oral examinations following World Health Organization guidelines. Demographic information, medical history, and oral mucosal findings were recorded. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The overall prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 42.3% among hospitalized patients. The most common lesions included oral candidiasis (15.2%), ulcerative lesions (12.8%), coated tongue (10.5%), and oral lichen planus (5.3%). Male predominance was observed with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:1. Diabetes mellitus (38.2%) and hypertension (32.5%) were the most prevalent systemic conditions. Significant associations were found between oral mucosal lesions and diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), hypertension (p=0.012), and duration of hospitalization exceeding seven days (p=0.008).
Conclusion: Hospitalized patients demonstrated high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions with strong associations to systemic conditions, particularly diabetes and hypertension. These findings emphasize the need for routine oral screening programs in hospital settings for early detection and comprehensive patient management.
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Dr. Dinesh Solanki
Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, N. K. P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre And Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Maharashtra, India.