REVIEW ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Hypertension, Medicinal plants,
Abstract
Blood pressure, which is the force of circulating blood on blood vessel walls, is one of the vital indicators. The pressure that blood exerts on blood vessel walls increases when the major arteries lose their inherent strength and flexibility and the smaller ones narrow. A major cause of death in every country, high blood pressure is perilous and extremely destructive to the heart and blood vessels. Since many patients are worried about the negative effects of chemical medications, they frequently choose herbal medicines to control their blood pressure. The safety and effectiveness of a single herb or combination of herbal items in decreasing blood pressure have been the subject of much investigation; some studies have produced positive results, while others have produced negative ones. There is additional scientific proof that certain herbs, such as quince, green and white mulberries, garlic, saffron, and grape seed, can lower blood pressure. The scientific literature of clinical trials and animal research that assessed the safety and efficacy of herbs in decreasing blood pressure was thoroughly reviewed in this study.
References
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4. Dhyani N, Parveen A, Siddiqi A, Hussain ME, Fahim M. Cardioprotective Efficacy of Coriandrum sativum (L.) Seed Extract in Heart Failure Rats Through Modulation of Endothelin Receptors and Antioxidant Potential. J. Diet. Suppl. 2020; 17:13–26.
5. Isari M, Namazi N, Ayati MH, Rahimi R. Medicinal Herbs with Potential Anti-Hypertensive Properties: a Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies. Trad Integr Med 2019; 4(3): 137-161.
6. Scandar S, Zadra C, Marcotullio MC. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) polyphenols and their nutraceutical value against obesity and metabolic syndrome. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4187.
7. Mahleyuddin NN, Moshawih S, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH, Kifli N, Loy MJ, Sarker MM, Al-Worafi YM, Goh BH, T huraisingam S, Goh HP. Coriandrum sativum L.: A review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and cardiovascular benefits. Molecules. 2021; 27(1):209.
8. Coope J, Warrender TS. Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293(6555):1145-1151.
9. Akram M, Rashid A, Khalil MT, Anwar H, Siddique A, Shahid N, Kiraz AO, Laila U, Zainb R, Sołowski G. Herbal Treatment of Hypertension: Literature Review. Journal of Biochemicals and Phytomedicine. 2023 Mar 1;2(1):20-4.
10. Gopalakrishnan A, Sievert M, Ruoho AE. Identification of the substrate binding region of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) using iodoaminoflisopolol as a novel photoprobe. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;72(6):1567–1575. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.034439.
11. Agung Sutriyawan, SKM, MPH,1 Ernie Halimatushadyah, SFarm, MFarm,2 Fibrianti, SST, MKes,3Ilham Kamaruddin, SPd, MPd,4 Kurniawan, MFarm,5Vina Vitniawati, SKep, Ners, MKep6 and Ayuda Nia Agustina, MKep, SpKepAn7.
12. Patel KP, Trivedi R, Maheshwari RA. An Overview of the Benefits of Indian Spices for High Blood Pressure. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2023 Nov 2:1335-46.
13. Scandar S, Zadra C, Marcotullio MC. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) polyphenols and their nutraceutical value against obesity and metabolic syndrome. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4187.
14. Ashraf R, Ghufran S, Akram S, Mushtaq M, Sultana B. Cold pressed coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil. In Cold Pressed Oils. 2020; pp. 345-356.
15. Sasi M, Kumar S, Kumar M, Thapa S, Prajapati U, Tak Y, Changan S, Saurabh V, Kumari S, Kumar A, Hasan M. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactive and its role in alleviating oral pathologies. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(11):1847.
16. Ha HM, Oh DH, Chun P. Effect of ginseng on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2016;26(2):163-71.
17. Wu HC, Horng CT, Tsai SC, Lee YL, Hsu SC, Tsai YJ, Tsai FJ, Chiang JH, Kuo DH, Yang JS. Relaxant and Vaso protective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2018; 41(4):2420-8.
18. Li C, Li J, Jiang F, Tzvetkov NT, Horbanczuk JO, Li Y, Atanasov AG, Wang D. Vasculoprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and underlying molecular mechanisms. Food and function. 2021; 12(5):1897-913.
19. Tabassum N, Ahmad F. Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2011 Jan;5(9):30.
20. Rawat P, Singh PK, Kumar V. Anti-hypertensive medicinal plants and their mode of action. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2016 Sep 1;6(3):107-18.
21. Rhee MY, Cho B, Kim KI, Kim J, Kim MK, Lee EK. et al. Blood pressure lowering effect of Korea ginseng derived ginseol K-g1. Am J Chin Med. 2014;42(3):605–18. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x14500396.
22. Jovanovski E, Bateman EA, Bhardwaj J, Fairgrieve C, Mucalo I, Jenkins AL. et al. Effect of Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in healthy individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014;8(8):537–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.04.004.
23. Dwivedi S, Agarwal MP. Antianginal and cardioprotective effects of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous drug, in coronary artery disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1994; 42:287-289.
24. Bharani A, Ganguly A, Bhargava KD. Salutary effect of Terminalia arjuna in patients with severe refractory heart failure. Int J Cardiol 1995; 49:191- 199.
25. Dwivedi S, Jauhari R. Beneficial effects of Terminalia arjuna in coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 1997; 49:507-510.
26. Shaheen G, Noor R, Zafar F, Younus M, Syed S, Yasmeen Z, Rehman Su, Sattar Sf. Hypertension, A Review: Therapeutic Potential Of Medicinal Plants For Management Of Hypertension. Plant Cell Biotechnology And Molecular Biology . 2021:103-22.
27. Macit MS, Sozlu S, Kocaadam B, Acar-Tek N. Evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on energy metabolism and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Reviews International. 2019; 35(7):685-706.
28. Zhang M, Zhao R, Wang D, Wang L, Zhang Q, Wei S, Lu F, Peng W, Wu C. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its bioactive components are potential resources for health beneficial agents. Phytotherapy Research. 2021; 35(2):711 42.
29. Shaban MI, EL-Gahsh NF, El-said A, El-sol H. Ginger: It’s the effect on blood pressure among hypertensive patients. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2017; 6(5):79-86.
30. Joshi NJ, Shelke SA. Medicinal Plants as Calcium-channel Blockers Against Hypertension. vascular. 2021;1:4-5.
31. Schuldiner S, Liu Y, Edwards RH. Reserpine binding to a vesicular amine transporter expressed in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(1):29–34.
32. Mukerji B. Arjuna. In: Mukerji B, editor. The Indian Pharmaceutical Codex. I. New Delhi, India, Kirtikar Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1953: 23–24.
33. Colabawalla HM. An evaluation of the cardiotonic and other properties of Terminalia arjuna. Ind Heart J. 1951;3:20.
34. Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, Itil TM, Freedman AM, Schatzberg AF. A placebocontrolled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia: North American EGb Study Group. JAMA. 1997; 278:1327-1332.
35. Gopalakrishnan A, Sievert M, Ruoho AE. Identification of the substrate binding region of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) using iodoaminoflisopolol as a novel photoprobe. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;72(6):1567–1575. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.034439.
36. Kawatra P, Rajagopalan R. Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient. Pharmacognosy research. 2015; 7(Suppl 1):S1.
37. Sharma P, Savita N, Sharma A. Management of hypertension with natural herbs. 2021.
38. Anderson RA, Zhan Z, Luo R, Guo X, Guo Q, Zhou J, Kong J, Davis PA, Stoecker BJ. Cinnamon extract lowers glucose, insulin, and cholesterol in people with elevated serum glucose. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine. 2016; 6(4):332-6.
39. Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R, Pigera S, Wathurapatha WS, Weeratunga HD, Premakumara GS, Katulanda P, Constantine GR, Galappaththy P. Evaluation of pharmacodynamic properties and safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) in healthy adults: a phase I clinical trial. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2017; 17:1-9.
40. Jung F, Mrowietz C, Kiesewetter H, Wenzel E. Effect of Ginkgo biloba on fluidity of blood and peripheral microcirculation in volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1990; 40: 589-593.
41. Maitra I, Marcocci L, Droy-Lefaix MT, Packer L. Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995; 49:1649-1655.
42. Chung KF, Dent G, McCusker M, Guinot P, Page CP, Barnes PJ. Effect of a ginkgolide mixture (BN 52063) in antagonizing skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man. Lancet. 1987; 1:248-251.
2. Beevers G, Lip GY, O'Brien E. The pathophysiology of hypertension. Bmj. 2001 Apr 14;322(7291):912-6.
3. Baharvand-Ahmadi B, Bahmani M, Tajeddini P, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Naghdi N. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants administered for the treatment of hypertension. Journal of Renal Injury Prevention. 2016 Aug 9;5(3):123.
4. Dhyani N, Parveen A, Siddiqi A, Hussain ME, Fahim M. Cardioprotective Efficacy of Coriandrum sativum (L.) Seed Extract in Heart Failure Rats Through Modulation of Endothelin Receptors and Antioxidant Potential. J. Diet. Suppl. 2020; 17:13–26.
5. Isari M, Namazi N, Ayati MH, Rahimi R. Medicinal Herbs with Potential Anti-Hypertensive Properties: a Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies. Trad Integr Med 2019; 4(3): 137-161.
6. Scandar S, Zadra C, Marcotullio MC. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) polyphenols and their nutraceutical value against obesity and metabolic syndrome. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4187.
7. Mahleyuddin NN, Moshawih S, Ming LC, Zulkifly HH, Kifli N, Loy MJ, Sarker MM, Al-Worafi YM, Goh BH, T huraisingam S, Goh HP. Coriandrum sativum L.: A review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and cardiovascular benefits. Molecules. 2021; 27(1):209.
8. Coope J, Warrender TS. Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293(6555):1145-1151.
9. Akram M, Rashid A, Khalil MT, Anwar H, Siddique A, Shahid N, Kiraz AO, Laila U, Zainb R, Sołowski G. Herbal Treatment of Hypertension: Literature Review. Journal of Biochemicals and Phytomedicine. 2023 Mar 1;2(1):20-4.
10. Gopalakrishnan A, Sievert M, Ruoho AE. Identification of the substrate binding region of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) using iodoaminoflisopolol as a novel photoprobe. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;72(6):1567–1575. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.034439.
11. Agung Sutriyawan, SKM, MPH,1 Ernie Halimatushadyah, SFarm, MFarm,2 Fibrianti, SST, MKes,3Ilham Kamaruddin, SPd, MPd,4 Kurniawan, MFarm,5Vina Vitniawati, SKep, Ners, MKep6 and Ayuda Nia Agustina, MKep, SpKepAn7.
12. Patel KP, Trivedi R, Maheshwari RA. An Overview of the Benefits of Indian Spices for High Blood Pressure. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2023 Nov 2:1335-46.
13. Scandar S, Zadra C, Marcotullio MC. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) polyphenols and their nutraceutical value against obesity and metabolic syndrome. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4187.
14. Ashraf R, Ghufran S, Akram S, Mushtaq M, Sultana B. Cold pressed coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil. In Cold Pressed Oils. 2020; pp. 345-356.
15. Sasi M, Kumar S, Kumar M, Thapa S, Prajapati U, Tak Y, Changan S, Saurabh V, Kumari S, Kumar A, Hasan M. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactive and its role in alleviating oral pathologies. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(11):1847.
16. Ha HM, Oh DH, Chun P. Effect of ginseng on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2016;26(2):163-71.
17. Wu HC, Horng CT, Tsai SC, Lee YL, Hsu SC, Tsai YJ, Tsai FJ, Chiang JH, Kuo DH, Yang JS. Relaxant and Vaso protective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2018; 41(4):2420-8.
18. Li C, Li J, Jiang F, Tzvetkov NT, Horbanczuk JO, Li Y, Atanasov AG, Wang D. Vasculoprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and underlying molecular mechanisms. Food and function. 2021; 12(5):1897-913.
19. Tabassum N, Ahmad F. Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension. Pharmacognosy reviews. 2011 Jan;5(9):30.
20. Rawat P, Singh PK, Kumar V. Anti-hypertensive medicinal plants and their mode of action. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2016 Sep 1;6(3):107-18.
21. Rhee MY, Cho B, Kim KI, Kim J, Kim MK, Lee EK. et al. Blood pressure lowering effect of Korea ginseng derived ginseol K-g1. Am J Chin Med. 2014;42(3):605–18. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x14500396.
22. Jovanovski E, Bateman EA, Bhardwaj J, Fairgrieve C, Mucalo I, Jenkins AL. et al. Effect of Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in healthy individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014;8(8):537–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.04.004.
23. Dwivedi S, Agarwal MP. Antianginal and cardioprotective effects of Terminalia arjuna, an indigenous drug, in coronary artery disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1994; 42:287-289.
24. Bharani A, Ganguly A, Bhargava KD. Salutary effect of Terminalia arjuna in patients with severe refractory heart failure. Int J Cardiol 1995; 49:191- 199.
25. Dwivedi S, Jauhari R. Beneficial effects of Terminalia arjuna in coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 1997; 49:507-510.
26. Shaheen G, Noor R, Zafar F, Younus M, Syed S, Yasmeen Z, Rehman Su, Sattar Sf. Hypertension, A Review: Therapeutic Potential Of Medicinal Plants For Management Of Hypertension. Plant Cell Biotechnology And Molecular Biology . 2021:103-22.
27. Macit MS, Sozlu S, Kocaadam B, Acar-Tek N. Evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on energy metabolism and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Reviews International. 2019; 35(7):685-706.
28. Zhang M, Zhao R, Wang D, Wang L, Zhang Q, Wei S, Lu F, Peng W, Wu C. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its bioactive components are potential resources for health beneficial agents. Phytotherapy Research. 2021; 35(2):711 42.
29. Shaban MI, EL-Gahsh NF, El-said A, El-sol H. Ginger: It’s the effect on blood pressure among hypertensive patients. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2017; 6(5):79-86.
30. Joshi NJ, Shelke SA. Medicinal Plants as Calcium-channel Blockers Against Hypertension. vascular. 2021;1:4-5.
31. Schuldiner S, Liu Y, Edwards RH. Reserpine binding to a vesicular amine transporter expressed in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(1):29–34.
32. Mukerji B. Arjuna. In: Mukerji B, editor. The Indian Pharmaceutical Codex. I. New Delhi, India, Kirtikar Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1953: 23–24.
33. Colabawalla HM. An evaluation of the cardiotonic and other properties of Terminalia arjuna. Ind Heart J. 1951;3:20.
34. Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, Itil TM, Freedman AM, Schatzberg AF. A placebocontrolled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia: North American EGb Study Group. JAMA. 1997; 278:1327-1332.
35. Gopalakrishnan A, Sievert M, Ruoho AE. Identification of the substrate binding region of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) using iodoaminoflisopolol as a novel photoprobe. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;72(6):1567–1575. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.034439.
36. Kawatra P, Rajagopalan R. Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient. Pharmacognosy research. 2015; 7(Suppl 1):S1.
37. Sharma P, Savita N, Sharma A. Management of hypertension with natural herbs. 2021.
38. Anderson RA, Zhan Z, Luo R, Guo X, Guo Q, Zhou J, Kong J, Davis PA, Stoecker BJ. Cinnamon extract lowers glucose, insulin, and cholesterol in people with elevated serum glucose. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine. 2016; 6(4):332-6.
39. Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R, Pigera S, Wathurapatha WS, Weeratunga HD, Premakumara GS, Katulanda P, Constantine GR, Galappaththy P. Evaluation of pharmacodynamic properties and safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) in healthy adults: a phase I clinical trial. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2017; 17:1-9.
40. Jung F, Mrowietz C, Kiesewetter H, Wenzel E. Effect of Ginkgo biloba on fluidity of blood and peripheral microcirculation in volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1990; 40: 589-593.
41. Maitra I, Marcocci L, Droy-Lefaix MT, Packer L. Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995; 49:1649-1655.
42. Chung KF, Dent G, McCusker M, Guinot P, Page CP, Barnes PJ. Effect of a ginkgolide mixture (BN 52063) in antagonizing skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man. Lancet. 1987; 1:248-251.
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Apr 26, 2025
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Kajal Varshney, Yogesh Chand Yadav, Pushpendra Kumar, Vikash Chandra, & Ashish S. Mishra. (2025). REVIEW ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(3), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.53555/2pwdcv21
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Author Biographies
Kajal Varshney
Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., IndiaYogesh Chand Yadav
Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., IndiaPushpendra Kumar
Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., IndiaVikash Chandra
Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., IndiaAshish S. Mishra
Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, U.P., IndiaHow to Cite
Kajal Varshney, Yogesh Chand Yadav, Pushpendra Kumar, Vikash Chandra, & Ashish S. Mishra. (2025). REVIEW ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 32(3), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.53555/2pwdcv21