MALE INFERTILITY: A REVIEW OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL APPROACHES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Male infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Surgical Approaches
Abstract
Male infertility is a complex condition with multifactorial causes, impacting a significant proportion of couples seeking to conceive. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both medical and surgical approaches to managing male infertility. It examines medical interventions including hormonal treatments, lifestyle modifications, and advanced diagnostic techniques such as sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress assessments. The review also explores surgical options, including varicocelectomy and procedures addressing anatomical abnormalities. Additionally, emerging treatments such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and advancements in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are discussed, highlighting their potential to enhance treatment efficacy. Personalized medicine's role in tailoring interventions based on individual genetic and hormonal profiles is also considered. The review underscores the importance of integrating these approaches to offer effective, individualized care and improve fertility outcomes. Future research and clinical advancements are essential to further refine these strategies and provide new solutions for male infertility.
References
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11. Velasquez M, Tanrikut C. Surgical management of male infertility: an update. Translational andrology and urology. 2014;3(1):64.
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15. Weber R, Dohle G, Romijn J. Clinical laboratory evaluation of male subfertility. Advances in clinical chemistry. 2005;40:318-64.
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17. Chandley AC. Chromosome anomalies and Y chromosome microdeletions as causal factors in male infertility. Human Reproduction. 1998;13(suppl_1):45-50.
18. Martin R. Cytogenetic determinants of male fertility. Human reproduction update. 2008;14(4):379-90.
19. Deng C-Y, Zhang Z, Tang W-H, Jiang H. Microdeletions and vertical transmission of the Y-chromosome azoospermia factor region. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2023;25(1):5-12.
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25. Lam IS, Trost LW, Casalino DD, Brannigan RE. Ultrasound in male infertility. Ultrasound Imaging in Reproductive Medicine: Advances in Infertility Work-up, Treatment and ART. 2019:213-35.
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30. Lafuente R, González-Comadrán M, Solà I, López G, Brassesco M, Carreras R, et al. Coenzyme Q10 and male infertility: a meta-analysis. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 2013;30:1147-56.
31. Dissanayake D, Wijesinghe P, Ratnasooriya W, Wimalasena S. Effects of zinc supplementation on sexual behavior of male rats. Journal of human reproductive sciences. 2009;2(2):57-61.
32. Zarinara A, Zeraati H, Kamali K, Mohammad K, Rahmati M, Akhondi MM. The success rate and factors affecting the outcome of assisted reproductive treatment in subfertile men. Iranian journal of public health. 2020;49(2):332.
33. Elder K. In vitro fertilization. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. 2001:53-78.
34. Jarow JP. Effects of varicocele on male fertility. Human reproduction update. 2001;7(1):59-64.
35. Ding H, Tian J, Du W, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang Z. Open non-microsurgical, laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU international. 2012;110(10).
36. Shah R. Surgical sperm retrieval: Techniques and their indications. Indian Journal of Urology. 2011;27(1):102-9.
37. Leung A, Mira J, Hsiao W. Updates on sperm retrieval techniques. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2014;3(1):94.
38. Esteves SC, Agarwal A. Sperm retrieval techniques. Human assisted reproductive technology: future trends in laboratory and clinical practice. 2011;1:41-53.
39. Alkandari MH, Moryousef J, Phillips S, Zini A. Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) or microdissection testicular sperm extraction (Micro–tese): which approach is better in men with cryptozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia? Urology. 2021;154:164-9.
40. Marks SH. Vasectomy reversal: manual of vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy: Springer; 2018.
41. Torres-Arce E, Vizmanos B, Babio N, Marquez-Sandoval F, Salas-Huetos A. Dietary antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility: counteracting oxidative stress. Biology. 2021;10(3):241.
42. Persily JB, Thakker S, Najari BB. Surgical Management of Male Infertility. Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health Throughout the Lifespan: An Integrated Approach to Fertility, Sexual Function, and Vitality. 2023:113.
43. Lopushnyan NA, Walsh TJ. Surgical techniques for the management of male infertility. Asian journal of andrology. 2012;14(1):94.
2. Vander Borght M, Wyns C. Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology. Clinical biochemistry. 2018;62:2-10.
3. Wu AK, Elliott P, Katz PP, Smith JF. Time costs of fertility care: the hidden hardship of building a family. Fertility and sterility. 2013;99(7):2025-30.
4. Boivin J, Bunting L, Collins JA, Nygren KG. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Human reproduction. 2007;22(6):1506-12.
5. Babakhanzadeh E, Nazari M, Ghasemifar S, Khodadadian A. Some of the factors involved in male infertility: a prospective review. International journal of general medicine. 2020:29-41.
6. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Delpisheh A, Khosravi A. Epidemiology of female infertility; a review of literature. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia. 2013;10(2):559-67.
7. Quaas A, Dokras A. Diagnosis and treatment of unexplained infertility. Reviews in obstetrics and gynecology. 2008;1(2):69.
8. Naz M, Kamal M. Classification, causes, diagnosis and treatment of male infertility: a review. Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine. 2017;17:89-109.
9. Cocuzza M, Alvarenga C, Pagani R. The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia. Clinics. 2013;68:15-26.
10. Anwar S, Anwar A. Infertility: A review on causes, treatment and management. Womens Health Gynecol. 2016;5:2-5.
11. Velasquez M, Tanrikut C. Surgical management of male infertility: an update. Translational andrology and urology. 2014;3(1):64.
12. Vasan S. Semen analysis and sperm function tests: How much to test? Indian journal of urology. 2011;27(1):41-8.
13. Geneva S, Press W. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Cambringe: Behalf of the Wolrd Health Organization; 2010.
14. Alipour H, Van Der Horst G, Christiansen O, Dardmeh F, Jørgensen N, Nielsen H, et al. Improved sperm kinematics in semen samples collected after 2 h versus 4–7 days of ejaculation abstinence. Human Reproduction. 2017;32(7):1364-72.
15. Weber R, Dohle G, Romijn J. Clinical laboratory evaluation of male subfertility. Advances in clinical chemistry. 2005;40:318-64.
16. Staessen C, Tournaye H, Van Assche E, Michiels A, Van Landuyt L, Devroey P, et al. PGD in 47, XXY Klinefelter’s syndrome patients. Human reproduction update. 2003;9(4):319-30.
17. Chandley AC. Chromosome anomalies and Y chromosome microdeletions as causal factors in male infertility. Human Reproduction. 1998;13(suppl_1):45-50.
18. Martin R. Cytogenetic determinants of male fertility. Human reproduction update. 2008;14(4):379-90.
19. Deng C-Y, Zhang Z, Tang W-H, Jiang H. Microdeletions and vertical transmission of the Y-chromosome azoospermia factor region. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2023;25(1):5-12.
20. Silva AF, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. The impact of antisperm antibodies on human male reproductive function: an update. Reproduction. 2021;162(4):R55-R71.
21. Gupta S, Sharma R, Agarwal A, Boitrelle F, Finelli R, Farkouh Aa, et al. Antisperm antibody testing: a comprehensive review of its role in the management of immunological male infertility and results of a global survey of clinical practices. The world journal of men's health. 2022;40(3):380.
22. Barak S, Baker HG. Clinical management of male infertility. 2015.
23. Ammar T, Sidhu P, Wilkins C. Male infertility: the role of imaging in diagnosis and management. The British journal of radiology. 2012;85(special_issue_1):S59-S68.
24. Freeman SJ, Parker PC. Ultrasound of the Testes and Male Pelvis. Abdominal Ultrasound E-Book: Abdominal Ultrasound E-Book. 2022:229.
25. Lam IS, Trost LW, Casalino DD, Brannigan RE. Ultrasound in male infertility. Ultrasound Imaging in Reproductive Medicine: Advances in Infertility Work-up, Treatment and ART. 2019:213-35.
26. Sakkas D, Alvarez JG. Sperm DNA fragmentation: mechanisms of origin, impact on reproductive outcome, and analysis. Fertility and sterility. 2010;93(4):1027-36.
27. Robert KA, Sharma R, Henkel R, Agarwal A. An update on the techniques used to measure oxidative stress in seminal plasma. Andrologia. 2021;53(2):e13726.
28. Matorras R, Pérez-Sanz J, Corcóstegui B, Pérez-Ruiz I, Malaina I, Quevedo S, et al. Effect of vitamin E administered to men in infertile couples on sperm and assisted reproduction outcomes: a double-blind randomized study. F&S Reports. 2020;1(3):219-26.
29. Moslemi MK, Tavanbakhsh S. Selenium–vitamin E supplementation in infertile men: effects on semen parameters and pregnancy rate. International journal of general medicine. 2011:99-104.
30. Lafuente R, González-Comadrán M, Solà I, López G, Brassesco M, Carreras R, et al. Coenzyme Q10 and male infertility: a meta-analysis. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 2013;30:1147-56.
31. Dissanayake D, Wijesinghe P, Ratnasooriya W, Wimalasena S. Effects of zinc supplementation on sexual behavior of male rats. Journal of human reproductive sciences. 2009;2(2):57-61.
32. Zarinara A, Zeraati H, Kamali K, Mohammad K, Rahmati M, Akhondi MM. The success rate and factors affecting the outcome of assisted reproductive treatment in subfertile men. Iranian journal of public health. 2020;49(2):332.
33. Elder K. In vitro fertilization. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. 2001:53-78.
34. Jarow JP. Effects of varicocele on male fertility. Human reproduction update. 2001;7(1):59-64.
35. Ding H, Tian J, Du W, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang Z. Open non-microsurgical, laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU international. 2012;110(10).
36. Shah R. Surgical sperm retrieval: Techniques and their indications. Indian Journal of Urology. 2011;27(1):102-9.
37. Leung A, Mira J, Hsiao W. Updates on sperm retrieval techniques. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2014;3(1):94.
38. Esteves SC, Agarwal A. Sperm retrieval techniques. Human assisted reproductive technology: future trends in laboratory and clinical practice. 2011;1:41-53.
39. Alkandari MH, Moryousef J, Phillips S, Zini A. Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) or microdissection testicular sperm extraction (Micro–tese): which approach is better in men with cryptozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia? Urology. 2021;154:164-9.
40. Marks SH. Vasectomy reversal: manual of vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy: Springer; 2018.
41. Torres-Arce E, Vizmanos B, Babio N, Marquez-Sandoval F, Salas-Huetos A. Dietary antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility: counteracting oxidative stress. Biology. 2021;10(3):241.
42. Persily JB, Thakker S, Najari BB. Surgical Management of Male Infertility. Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health Throughout the Lifespan: An Integrated Approach to Fertility, Sexual Function, and Vitality. 2023:113.
43. Lopushnyan NA, Walsh TJ. Surgical techniques for the management of male infertility. Asian journal of andrology. 2012;14(1):94.
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Published
Sep 23, 2024
Article Details
How to Cite
Aiysha Gul, Rizwanullah, Isameldin Elamin Medani, Fath Elrahman Elrasheed, Selim Maan Alameddine, Einas Mustafa Mudawi Ahmed, John David Ruffier, Mahdi Ibrahim elnaim Ibrahim, Ayman Mohamed Elamain Jomma Alsafi, & Saeed Ismail Saeed Ahmed. (2024). MALE INFERTILITY: A REVIEW OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL APPROACHES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 1646-1655. https://doi.org/10.53555/6pf1yn62
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Author Biographies
Aiysha Gul
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan
Rizwanullah
Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, PakistanIsameldin Elamin Medani
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jazan university hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Fath Elrahman Elrasheed
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Selim Maan Alameddine
Department of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Einas Mustafa Mudawi Ahmed
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
John David Ruffier
Department of Medicine, American University of Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda, USA
Mahdi Ibrahim elnaim Ibrahim
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Ayman Mohamed Elamain Jomma Alsafi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Children hospital, Najran Saudi Arabia
Saeed Ismail Saeed Ahmed
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Children hospital, Najran Saudi Arabia
How to Cite
Aiysha Gul, Rizwanullah, Isameldin Elamin Medani, Fath Elrahman Elrasheed, Selim Maan Alameddine, Einas Mustafa Mudawi Ahmed, John David Ruffier, Mahdi Ibrahim elnaim Ibrahim, Ayman Mohamed Elamain Jomma Alsafi, & Saeed Ismail Saeed Ahmed. (2024). MALE INFERTILITY: A REVIEW OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL APPROACHES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 1646-1655. https://doi.org/10.53555/6pf1yn62