GENETIC INSIGHTS INTO DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES AT THE SEEDLING STAGE
Main Article Content
Keywords
Drought, wheat, stress, relative water content, attribute
Abstract
Current water scarcity in different parts of the world has drastically affected the yield of different cultivated crops, including wheat. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of various bread wheat genotypes at the seedling stage. One hundred bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under controlled drought conditions using Poly Ethylene Glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Analysis of variance showed that there was significant variation among all the evaluated genotypes. In both normal and drought conditions, the trait root to shoot ratio had the highest value of genotypic correlation with root length (0.94**, 0.94**), followed by relative water content (0.72**, 0.76**) and the association of relative water content with root to shoot ratio (0.68**, 0.69**); thus, it can be concluded that the variation among the traits is due to the genetic effect rather than environmental interaction. For mean performance, the genotypes were screened and evaluated based on their performance under both normal and drought conditions: G20, followed by G15, G90, G35, G43, G25, G44, and G45 performed well, while the genotypes that performed worst were G82, G42, G76, and G86. All traits exhibited high heritability with a high genetic advancement percentage, except for relative water content. These results signify the role of attributes in regulating the drought response of plants and suggest that the selection of best-performing traits helps to improve plant growth under water stress. The development of such cultivars that are tolerant to drought could be used to overcome food shortage where limited water is available.
References
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3. Ahmad, I.; Khaliq, I.; Khan, A.S.; Farooq, M. Screening of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought tolerance on the basis of seedling traits. Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 2014, 51, 367–372. 11.
4. Ahmad, I.; Khaliq, I.; Khan, A.S.; Farooq, M. Screening of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought tolerance on the basis of seedling traits. Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 2014, 51, 367–372.
5. Ahmad, M.; Shabbir, G.; Minhas, N.; Shah, M.K.N. Identification of drought tolerant wheat genotypes based on seedling traits. Sarhad J. Agric. 2013, 29, 21–27.
6. Ahmadizadeh, M. (2013). Physiological and agro- morphological response to drought stress. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 13: 998-1009.
7. Ahmed, H.; Khan, A.S.; Khan, S.H.; Kashif, M. Genome wide allelic pattern and genetic diversity of spring wheat genotypes through SSR markers. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 2017, 19, 1559–1565. 12.
8. Ahmed, H.; Khan, A.S.; Khan, S.H.; Kashif, M. Genome wide allelic pattern and genetic diversity of spring wheat genotypes through SSR markers. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 2017, 19, 1559–1565.
9. AHMED, H.G.M.D., M., SAJJAD, M., LI, M.A., AZMAT, M., RIZWAN, R.H., MAQSOOD, S.H., KHAN (2019): Selection Criteria for Drought-Tolerant Bread Wheat Genotypes at Seedling Stage. Sustainability, 11: 2584.
10. Akbar M, Aleem K, Sandhu K, Shamoon F, Fatima T, Ehsan M and Shaukat F, 2023. A mini review on insect pests of wheat and their management strategies. Int J Agri Biosci, 12(2): 110-115. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2023.052
11. Ali S, Liu Y, Ishaq M, Shah T, Ilyas A, Din IU (2017) Climate change and its impact on the yield of major food crops: evidence from Pakistan. Foods 6(6):39
12. Arabbeigi M, Arzani A, Majidi MM, Kiani R, Tabatabaei BES, Habibi F (2014) Salinity tolerance of Aegilops cylindrica genotypes collected from hyper-saline shores of Uremia Salt Lake using physiological traits and SSR markers. Acta Physiol Plant 36:2243–2251. doi:10.1007/s11738-014-1602-0
13. Arjenaki, F.G.; Jabbari, R.; Morshedi, A. Evaluation of drought stress on relative water content, chlorophyll content and mineral elements of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Int. J. Agric. Crop Sci. 2012, 4, 726–729.
14. Ashfaq, W.; Ul-Allah, S.; Kashif, M.; Sattar, A.; Nabi, H.G. Genetic variability study among wheat genotypes under normal and drought conditions. J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci. 2016, 4, 111–116.
15. Bebas W, Gorda IW and Agustina KK, 2023. Spermatozoa quality of Kintamani dogs in coconut water-egg yolk diluent with addition of Moringa leaves and carrot extract. International Journal of Veterinary Science 12(3): 333-340. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijvs/2022.197
16. Bhutta WM (2007). The effect of cultivar on the variation of spring wheat grain quality under drought conditions. Cereal Res. Commum. 35: 1609-1619
17. Chen X, Min D, Yasir TA, Hu Y-G (2012) Field crops research evaluation of 14 morphological, yield-related and physiological traits as indicators of drought tolerance in Chinese winter bread wheat revealed by analysis of the membership function value of drought tolerance (MFVD). F Crop Res 137:195–201
18. Chen, X., Li, Y.; He, R.; Ding, Q. Phenotyping field-state wheat root system architecture for root foraging traits in response to environment × management interactions. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 2642.
19. Comas LH, Becker SR, Cruz VMV, Byrne PF, Dierig DA (2013) Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought. Front Plant Sci 4:1–16. doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00442
20. Dhanda, S.; Sethi, G.; Behl, R. Indices of drought tolerance in wheat genotypes at early stages of plant growth. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2004, 190, 6–12
21. Dhanda, S.S. and G.S. Sethi. 1998. Inheritance of excised-leaf water loss and relative water content in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Euphytica 104:39-47.
22. Dhanda, SS, Sethi, GS, and Behl, RK (2004). Indices of drought tolerance in wheat genotypes at early stages of plant growth. J Agron Crop Sci. 190, 6-12.
23. Economic survey 2020-21 finance division. Government of Pakistan (2021) Economic Advisor ‘s Wing, Islamabad.
24. El-Rawy MA, Hassan MI. 2014. Effectiveness of drought tolerance indices to identify tolerant genotypes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Crop Sci. Biotech 17: 255-266
25. extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma lipids, antioxidant activity, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. International Journal of Veterinary Science 12(2): 169-174. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijvs/2022.177
26. Faisal, S.; Mujtaba, S.; Khan, M.; Mahboob, W. Morpho-Physiological assessment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought stress tolerance at seedling stage. Pak. J. Bot. 2017, 49, 445–452.
27. Farshadfar, E., Ghanadha, J. Sutka and M. Zahravi. 2001b. Generation mean analysis of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Agron. Hung. 49:59-66.
28. Fathy M, Abdel-Moein KA, Osman WA, Erfan AM, Prince A, Elgabaly AA, Elkattan AM and Samir A, 2023. Occurrence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile among diarrheic sheep and goats in rural settings: public health concern. International Journal of Veterinary Science 12(2): 268-271. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijvs/2022.156a
29. Figueroa-Bustos, V., J., Palta, Y., Chen, H.M., Siddique (2018): Characterization of Root and Shoot Traits in Wheat Cultivars with Putative Differences in Root System Size. J. Agron., 8(7): 109.
30. Foito, A.; Byrne, S.L.; Shepherd, T.; Stewart, D.; Barth, S. Transcriptional and metabolic profiles of Lolium perenne L. genotypes in response to a PEG—Induced water stress. Plant Biotechnol. J. 2009, 7, 719–732.
31. Gulnaz, S, Khan, SH, Shahzad, M, Nasim, W, and Sajjad, M (2012). Genetic evaluation of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for yield and seedling vigor traits. J Agric Soc Sci. 8, 123-128.
32. Haroon M, Anas M, Naurin I, Afzal R, Irfan U, Tariq H, Idrees F, Taj MH and Rukh M, 2023. Autoimmunity in plants; a powerful weapon in kingdom plantae to combat stresses. Int J Agri Biosci, 12(3): 159-164. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2023.059
33. Hegazy SA, Abd Elmawla SM, Khorshed MM and Salem FA, 2023. Productive and immunological performance of small ruminants offered some medicinal plants as feed additives. International Journal of Veterinary Science 12(1): 120-125. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijvs/2022.163
34. Hosseini, SJ, Sarvestani, ZT, and Pirdashti, H (2012). Responses of some rice genotypes to drought stress. Int J Agric Res Rev. 2, 475-482.
35. Hurd EA and Spratt ED (1975). Root Pattern in Crops Related to Water and Nutrition Uptake. Physiological Aspects of Dry Land Farming (Gupta US, ed.). Oxford & IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi.
36. Hussain MM, Rauf S, Warburton ML (2019) Development of drought tolerant breeding lines derived from Helianthus annuus × H. argophyllus interspecifc crosses. Plant Breed J 138(6):862–870
37. Johnson, HW, Robinson, HF, and Comstock, R (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans. Agron J. 47, 314-318
38. Kalaji, H.M.; Jajoo, A.; Oukarroum, A.; Brestic, M.; Zivcak, M.; Samborska, I.A.; Cetner, M.D.; Łukasik, I.; Goltsev, V.; Ladle, R.J. Chlorophyll a fluorescence as a tool to monitor physiological status of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Acta Physiol. Planta 2016, 38, 102.
39. Khan, AS, Ul Allah, S, and Sadique, S (2010). Genetic variability and correlation among seedling traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under water stress. Int J Agric Biol. 12, 247-250.
40. Khodarahmpour, Z. Effect of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination indices in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2011, 10, 18222–18227.
41. Kiani R, Arzani A, Habibi F (2015) Physiology of salinity tolerance in Aegilops cylindrica. Acta Physiol Plant 37:135–145. doi:10. 1007/s11738-015-1881-0
42. Kızılgeçi, F.; Tazebay, N.; Naml, M.; Albayrak, Ö.; Yıldırım, M. The drought effect on seed germination and seedling growth in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Agric. Environ. Food Sci. 2017, 1, 33–37.
43. Kugler, K.G., G. Siegwart., T. Nussbaumer., C.A Metz., M. Spannagl, B. Steiner., M. Lemmens., K.F.X. Mayer., H. Buerstmayr and W. Schweiger (2013). Quantitative trait loci-dependent analysis of a gene co-expression network associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genomics. 14:728.
44. Kumar, A. and S. Sharma. 2007. Genetics of excised-leaf water loss and relative water content in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Cereal Res. Commun. 35:43-52.
45. Leishman, M.R.; Westoby, M. The role of seed size in seedling establishment in dry soil conditions—Experimental evidence from semi-arid species. J. Ecol. 1994, 82, 249–258
46. Liaqat K, Shakeel A, Khalid MN, Amjad I and Saeed A, 2023. Assessment of tomato accessions for various seedling attributes under NaCl salt stress. Int J Agri Biosci, 12(2): 116-121. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijab/2023.053
47. Man, J.; Shi, Y.; Yu, Z.; Zhang, Y. Root growth, soil water variation, and grain yield response of winter wheat to supplemental irrigation. Plant Prod. Sci. 2016, 19, 193–205.
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Sep 3, 2024
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GENETIC INSIGHTS INTO DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES AT THE SEEDLING STAGE. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.53555/354cm161
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Author Biographies
Muhammad Tahir
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Sajad
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Intazar Ali
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Shahid Mumtaz
Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Abdul Rehman
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Anas
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Naeem
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Asadullah Zubair
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Ali Usama
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zain Shahid
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Waqar Ahmad
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Zahida Yaseen
Center for Research and Development, Minhaj University, Lahore
How to Cite
GENETIC INSIGHTS INTO DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES AT THE SEEDLING STAGE. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.53555/354cm161