EVALUATING RISK FACTORS FOR EARLY-ONSET CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL APPROACH
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Keywords
Cliff factors, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Risk factors, Retrospective analytical study, Case-control study, C-reactive protein, Epidemiological surveillance
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, despite advancements in clinical outcomes and the development of new medications. This research aims to ascertain the degree to which preexisting risk factors contribute to the development of CVD in individuals younger than fifty years old.
Method: A retrospective analytical case-control study was conducted on patients diagnosed with CVD. The ratio of cases to controls was one-to-one.
Result: The study found no significant association between the male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.00; confidence interval [CI]: 0.449-2.087; p: 0.000) or alcoholism (OR: 0.53; CI: 0.012-1.236; p: 0.000) and the likelihood of developing CVD. However, C-reactive protein (OR: 6.01; CI: 2.640-13.681; p: 0.000) and hypertension (OR: 36.42; CI: 213.118-51.161; p: 0.000) showed strong associations with comorbidity and were statistically significant. The multivariate analysis revealed that C-reactive protein significantly increased the risk of CVD (OR: 49.35; CI: 3.968-61.906; p: 0.000), followed by the significance of hypertension (OR: 25.4; CI: 14.481-44.118; p: 0.000).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that a predictive model for assessing the likelihood of developing CVD is a valuable tool for clinical and epidemiological surveillance. This model can help identify individuals at the highest risk of developing the disease.
References
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Shah Umam
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, despite advancements in clinical outcomes and the development of new medications. This research aims to ascertain the degree to which preexisting risk factors contribute to the development of CVD in individuals younger than fifty years old.
Method: A retrospective analytical case-control study was conducted on patients diagnosed with CVD. The ratio of cases to controls was one-to-one.
Result: The study found no significant association between the male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.00; confidence interval [CI]: 0.449-2.087; p: 0.000) or alcoholism (OR: 0.53; CI: 0.012-1.236; p: 0.000) and the likelihood of developing CVD. However, C-reactive protein (OR: 6.01; CI: 2.640-13.681; p: 0.000) and hypertension (OR: 36.42; CI: 213.118-51.161; p: 0.000) showed strong associations with comorbidity and were statistically significant. The multivariate analysis revealed that C-reactive protein significantly increased the risk of CVD (OR: 49.35; CI: 3.968-61.906; p: 0.000), followed by the significance of hypertension (OR: 25.4; CI: 14.481-44.118; p: 0.000).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that a predictive model for assessing the likelihood of developing CVD is a valuable tool for clinical and epidemiological surveillance. This model can help identify individuals at the highest risk of developing the disease.
Adeela kosar Bajwa
House Officer, Cardiology Care Unit, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, Pakistan,
Dr. Safiyyah Mukarram Khan
Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, India
Dr. Barsha Baral
Medical Officer, MBBS, Department of Internal Medicine, Metrocity Hospital Pvt Ltd. Pokhara, Nepal
Dr. Arjun Kandel
Medical Officer, MBBS, Department of GP/ ER, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal
Ellen Huang
Pre-Clinical MD Student, Caribbean Medical University
Mohit Lakkimsetti
MBBS, Department of Internal Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, India