UNDERSTANDING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: FROM RISK FACTORS TO MANAGEMENT
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Keywords
Pathophysiology, Heart attack, Risk factors, Diagnosis, Myocardial infarction
Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality. This abstract provides an overview of MI's pathophysiology, risk factors, Diagnosis, and treatment.
Methods: Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on MI's pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies.
Results: MI pathogenesis involves coronary blood flow disruption, often due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture, leading to myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Key risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Timely Diagnosis is crucial, utilizing electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac biomarkers (e.g., troponin), and imaging (e.g., echocardiography, coronary angiography). Immediate management focuses on reperfusion therapies like thrombolytics and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Secondary prevention emphasizes lifestyle changes (smoking cessation, diet, exercise) and medication adherence (antiplatelets, statins, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors).
Conclusion: Advances in pharmacotherapy, interventions, and cardiac rehabilitation have improved MI management, enhancing outcomes and quality of life. Ongoing research is vital for further advancements in understanding and treating this critical cardiovascular condition.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Shahab Ud Din Zia
MBBS Scholar, Pak International Medical College (Khyber Medical University), Pakistan,
Faisal Saeed
MBBS Scholar, HBS Medical and Dental College Islamabad, Pakistan,
Hamza Imran
MBBS Scholar, Al Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan,
Abdul Basit
MBBS Scholar, Saidu Medical College, Swat, Pakistan,
Mohamad A. Khedari
Doctor, Md Department of Internal Medicine, USA,
Aksa Alina Joy
Medical Student, Department of General Medicine, Mes Medical College, India,