REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS THROUGH MAGNETIC GRAPHITIC CARBON NANO STRUCTURES FROM DRINKING WATER SAMPLES OF THE VARIOUS AREAS OF BALOCHISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Heavy Metals, Nanotechnology, Environmental Pollution, Drinking water
Abstract
The purpose of the current research is to ascertain the levels of heavy metal pollution in drinking ground water samples taken from various areas of Balochistan, Pakistan. Drinking water contamination is a relatively recent issue that has led to a rise in stress as a consequence of recent enormous population expansion, urbanization, and industry. Because heavy metals are poisonous, persistent, and bioaccumulative in the environment, they are regarded as serious pollutants. Additionally, a brand-new adsorbent was made to extract heavy metals from drinking water. After that, the size and surface morphology of the produced adsorbents were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the crystalinity was verified using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The elemental analysis of iron and oxygen in the EDX data was followed by TG/DTA characterisation to ascertain its thermal stability. In the province of Balochistan, the maximum samples were determined to be under the limits for heavy metal pollution; nevertheless, the drinking water samples from the Jaffarabad and Zhob districts had the highest zinc contents, measuring 36.24 and 31.00 ug/L, respectively. Thermodynamic characteristics showed that the adsorption of heavy metals was endothermic and spontaneous. The spontaneous character of the process is signified by the negative values of different temperatures as well as shows high affinity of the heavy metals towards the prepared adsorbent
References
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16. Gong, J. L., Wang, X.Y., Zeng, G. M., Chen, L., Deng, J. H., Zhang, X. R., Niu, Q.Y.(2012) “Copper (II) removal by pectin–iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite adsorbent”,. Chemical Engineering Journal, 185–186, 100–107.
17. Groisman, L., Rav-Acha, C., Gerstl, Z., Mingelgrin, U. (2004) “Sorption of organic compounds of varying hydro phobicities from water and industrial wastewater by long- and short chain orgnao clays”, Applied Clay Science, 24, 159–166.
18. Gupta, V. K., Jain, C. K., Ali, I., Sharma, M., Saini, V. K. (2003) “Removal of cadmium and nickel from wastewater using bagasse fly ash-a sugar industry waste” Water Research, 37(16), 4038-4044.
19. Hall, T. M., Waugh, D.W., Boering, K. A., Plumb, R. A., (1999) “Evaluation of transport in stratospheric models” J. Geophys. Res.,104, 18815-18839.
20. Hayward, K. (1999) “Drinking water contaminant hit-list for US EPA” Water, 21, 4-9.
21. Hu, Z., Lei, L., Li, Y., Ni, Y. (2003) “Chromium adsorption on high-performance activated carbons from aqueous solution” Separation and Purification Technology, 31(1), 13-18.
22. Kahani S.A, Hamadanian M, Vandadi O (2007) “Deposition of Magnetite Nanoparticles in Activated Carbons and Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbons. Nanotechnology and Its Applications”, First Sharjah International Conference. American Institute of Physics, , 978-0-7354-0439.
23. Khalown, M.A. (2004) “Water Quality Status in Pakistan Report” PCRWR Islamabad,
24. Khan, A. T.(2011) “Trace elements in the Drinking water and their possible health effects in Aligarh city” Ind. J. Wat. Res. Prot, 3, 522-530.
25. Kornaros, M., Lyberatos, G. (2006) “Biological treatment of wastewaters from a dye manufacturing company using a trickling filter ”Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136(1), 95-102.
26. Kumar, A. (2003) “Environmental chemistry” 5th Ed, New Age International (P) Limited, , 56-59.
27. Liu, X., Kim, M. (2009) “Solvothermal synthesis and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoplatelets.Materials Letter, 63:428 - 430.
28. Lopez, F., Martin, M. I., Perez, C., López-Delgado, A., Alguacil, F. J. (2003) “Removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by a steel-making by-product” Water Research, 37(16), 3883-3890.
29. Loukidou, M. X., Matis, K. A., Zouboulis, A. I., Liakopoulou-K. M (2003) “Removal of As (V) from wastewaters by chemically modified fungal biomass” Water Research, 37(18), 4544-4552.
30. Mayur, C. S., PrateekShilpkar and Sangita Sharma (2007) Correlation, Regression Study on Physico-chemical parameters and water quality assessment of ground water of Mansa Taluka in Gujarat”.Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19(5), 3449-3454.
31. Mishra, A., Bhatt, V., E (2008)”Physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of under ground water in VV Nagar and near by places of Anand District, Gujarat, India” J. Chem, , 5(3), 487-492.
32. Mishra, A., Bhatt, V., Sevak, n., Shah, P., Patel, Patel, C. (2013) “ Comparative study of physico-chemical and microbial parameters on lotic ,and ground-waters in selected outlying areas of central Gujarat” Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2, 174.
33. Nuria.M,Cesar.V,Ignasi.C,Maria.M and Antonio.F “Cadmium and lead Removal from Aqueous Solution by Grape Stalk Wastes: Modeling of a Fixed Bed Column’ Journal of Chemical Engineering Data”2010, 55, 3548-3554.
34. Pan, B., Xiong, Y., Su, Q., Li, A. M., Chen, J. L., Zhang, Q. X.(2003) “Role of animation of a polymeric adsorbent on phenol adsorption from aqueous solution”Chemosphere, 51(9), 953-962.
35. Pereira, M. F. R., Soares, S. F., Orfao, J. M. J., Figueiredo, J. L.( 2003) “Adsorption of dyes onactivated carbons: influence of surface chemical groups” Carbon, , 41, 811-821.
36. Rao, S. M., Mamatha, P.(2004) “Water quality in sustainable water management” Curr. Sci, , 87, 942.
37. Rapant, S., Krcmova, K. (2007) “Health risk assessment maps for arsenic groundwater content, application of national geochemical databases” Environ. Geochem. Health, , 29, 131-141.
38. Rivera-Utrilla, J., Bautista-Toledo, I., Ferro-Garca, M. A., Moreno-Castilla, C.(2003) “Bioadsorption of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Cr (VI) on activated carbon from aqueous solutions” Carbon, , 41(2), 323-330.
39. Robert, G., Mari, G. (2003) “Human Health Effects of Metals, US Environmental Protection Agency Risk Assessment Forum” Washington, DC,.
40. Robinson, T., Chandran B., Nigam, P.( 2002a) “Studies on desorption of individual textile dye sand a synthetic dye effluent from dye-adsorbed agricultural residues using solvents” Bio resource Technology, 84(3), 299-301.
41. Rodriguez, I., Llompart, M., Cela, R (2000) Solid-phase extraction of phenols. Journal of Chromatography A, 885(1), 291-304.
42. Rodriguez-Reinoso, F. Activated carbon: structure, characterization, preparation and applications, in Marsh, H.H., Heintz, E.A., Rodriguez-Reinoso, (1997) F. (eds.) Introduction to Carbon Technologies, Secretariado de Publicaciones: Universidad de Alicante.
43. Safe, S.H.(1994) “Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment”CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 24(2), 87-149.
44. Sarkar, M., Banerjee, A. (2006) “ParthaPritam Parameters and Sumit Chakraborty” Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 83, 1023-1027.
45. Schwarzenbach, R.P., Egli, T., Hofstetter, T.B., Von Gunten, U., Bernhard W. (2010) Global water pollution and human health. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35, 109-136.
46. Scott, D.V (2000) Advanced Materials for Water Handling: Composites and Thermoplastics. London: Elsevier.
47. Shen, Y. H. (2002) “Removal of phenol from water by adsorption flocculation using organobentonite” Water Res, 36, 1107–1114.
48. Singh, V.(2006) “Physico-chemical Examination of water, Sewage and Industrial effluents” Res. J. Chem& ENV, , 10(3), 62-66.
49. Srinivasan.A and Viraraghavan.T (2010) “Decolonization of dye waste waters by biosorbents: A review: Journal of Environ. Management, 91, 1915-1929.
50. Strachan, S. (2010) “Heavy metal” Curr. Anaesth. Crit. Care, , 21, 44–48.
51. Sundarajan, M., Ramalakshmi, M. (2012) “Novel Cubic Magnetite Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquid”, E-Journal of Chemistry, 9: 1070-1076.
52. Tanji, K., Valoppi, L. (1989) “Ground water contamination by trace elements” Agri.Ecosys. Environ, , 26, 239-274.
53. Toth, J. (1995) “Thermo dynamical correctness of gas/solid adsorption isotherm Equations”. Journal of Colloidal Interference Science, 163, 299–302.
54. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), 1999. Global Environment Outlook 2000, Earth scan, UK
55. Vasudevan, P., Padmavathy, V., Dhingra, S. (2003) “Kinetics of biosorptionof cadmiumon Baker’s yeast” Bio resource technology, 89(3), 281-287.
56. Velea, T., Gherghe, L., Predica, V., Krebs, R. (2009) “Heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of an industrial area near Bucharest” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, , 16, S27-S32.
57. Versari, A., Parpinello, G. P., Galassi,S. (2002) “Chemometric survey of Italian bottled mineral waters by means of their labelled physico-chemical and chemical composition”Journal of food composition and analysis, , 251-268.
58. Wan. W.S.N and Hanfiah. M.A.K.M (2007) “Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: A review, “Bioresource Technology”, 99, 3935-3948.
59. Wasserman, G., Liu, X., Parvez, F., Ahsan, H., Levy, D., Litvak, P. F., Kline, J.,Geen, A.V., Slavkovich, V., Lolacono, N., Cheng, Z., Zheng, Y., Graziano, J. (2006) “Water manganese exposure and children's intellectual functions in Araihazar, Bangladesh” Environ. Health Persp, 114, 124–129.
60. Wyatt, J., Linton, E.(1988) “The industrial potential of microbial nitrile biochemistry” Cyanide Compounds in Biology, 32-48.
61. Zahoor M., Khan, F.A. (2014) “Adsorption of aflatoxin B1 on magnetic carbon nanostructures prepared from bagasse ”Arabian Journal Chemistry,
62. Zayed, J., Loranger, S., Kennedy, G. (1992) “Variation of trace element concentrations in red spruce tree rings” Water, Air, and Soil Pollut, 65(314), 281-291.
63. Zhang, A., Asakura, T., Uchiyama, G. (2003) “The adsorption mechanism of uranium (VI) from seawater on a macroporous fibrous polymeric adsorbent containing amidoxime chelating functional group” Reactive and Functional Polymers, 57(1), 67-76.
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May 31, 2024
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Mohammad Shoaib Khan, Manzoor Iqbal Khattak, Nida Kazmi, Adnan Afridi, Munnaza Saeed, & Hamid Ullah. (2024). REMOVAL OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS THROUGH MAGNETIC GRAPHITIC CARBON NANO STRUCTURES FROM DRINKING WATER SAMPLES OF THE VARIOUS AREAS OF BALOCHISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(5), 1854–1891. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i5.6506
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Author Biographies
Mohammad Shoaib Khan
Chemistry Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta - Pakistan
Manzoor Iqbal Khattak
Chemistry Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta - Pakistan
Nida Kazmi
Chemistry Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta - Pakistan
Adnan Afridi
Chemistry Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta - Pakistan
Munnaza Saeed
Chemistry Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta - Pakistan
Hamid Ullah
Chemistry Department, Balochistan University of Information, Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta - Pakistan