SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF SIBI BENTONITE CLAY-GRAFT-POLY (ACRYLAMIDE/CO- ACRYLIC ACID) SUPERABSORBENT COMPOSITE AND ITS ABSORBENCY STUDY OF WATER
Main Article Content
Keywords
Sibi Bentonite, superabsorbent polymer, graft copolymerization, water absorbency, swelling
Abstract
This research paper presents the novelty of a new Na-Bentonite-graft-acrylamide/acrylic acid superabsorbent composite material that has high water absorbency and whose graft ratios were established by graft-copolymerizing acrylamide, acrylic acid, and Sibi Bentonite together in an aqueous solution. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) were employed to determine the shape, thermal stability, graft copolymerization reaction process, and the effects of Na-Bentonite content, initiator concentration, and grafting ratio on the water absorbency of these composite materials. According to the findings, clay concentration increased while water absorbency showed a decrease. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of acrylamide/acrylic acid on the backbone of clay. TGA data indicated an increase in thermal stability of the sample with the addition of Sibi Bentonite to the polymer network. The SEM results showed the grafting of acrylamide and acrylic acid onto clay. The cross-linking agent Sibi Bentonite in the form of ultrafine mineral powder is crucial in the development of the superabsorbent composite's network structure.
References
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26. Saeidi, Ardeshir, Katbab, AA, Vasheghani‐Farahani, E, & Afshar, F. (2004). Formulation design, optimization, characterization and swelling behaviour of a cationic superabsorbent based on a copolymer of [3‐(methacryloylamino) propyl] trimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide.- Polymer international, 53: 92-100. doi:10.1002/pi.1405
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28. Shiga, Tohru, Hirose, Yoshiharu, Okada, Akane, & Kurauchi, Toshio. (1992). Bending of poly (vinyl alcohol)–poly (sodium acrylate) composite hydrogel in electric fields.- Journal of applied polymer science, 44: 249-253. doi:10.1002/app.1992.070440209
29. Shiga, Tohru, Hirose, Yoshiharu, Okada, Akane, & Kurauchi, Toshio. (1993). Bending of ionic polymer gel caused by swelling under sinusoidally varying electric fields.- Journal of Applied
Polymer Science, 47: 113-119. doi:10.1002/app.1993.070470114
30. Tiwari, Rajkiran R, Khilar, Kartic C, & Natarajan, Upendra. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of novel organo-montmorillonites.- Applied Clay Science,38: 203-208. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.05.008
31. Vazquez, A, López, M, Kortaberria, G, Martín, L, & Mondragon, I. (2008). Modification of montmorillonite with cationic surfactants. Thermal and chemical analysis including CEC determination.- Applied Clay Science, 41: 24-36. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.10.001
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36. Xu, Kun, Wang, Jihua, Xiang, Sheng, Chen, Qiang, Yue, Yumei, Su, Xuefeng, Song, Chunlei, &Wang, Pixin. (2007). Polyampholytes superabsorbent nanocomposites with excellent gel strength.-Composites science and technology, 67: 3480-3486. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.02.009
37. Zhang, Junping, Liu, Ruifeng, Li, An, & Wang, Aiqin. (2006). Preparation, swelling behaviors, and slow-release properties of a poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/sodium humate superabsorbent composite.- Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 45: 48-53. doi:10.1021/ie050745j
38. Zhang, Junping, Wang, Li, & Wang, Aiqin. (2007). Preparation and properties of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite via in situ intercalative polymerization.- Industrial &engineering chemistry research, 46: 2497-2502. doi:10.1021/ie061385i
39. Zheng, Yian, Li, Ping, Zhang, Junping, & Wang, Aiqin. (2007). Study on superabsorbent composite XVI. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of poly (sodium acrylate)/vermiculite superabsorbent composites.- EuropeanPolymer Journal,43: 1691-1698. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.02.023
2. Chen, Zhenbin, Liu, Mingzhu, & Ma, Songmei. (2005). Synthesis and modification of salt-resistant superabsorbent polymers.- Reactive and Functional Polymers, 62: 85-92. doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.09.003
3. Costa, Francis Reny, Leuteritz, Andreas, Wagenknecht, Udo, Jehnichen, Dieter, Haeussler, Liane, & Heinrich, Gert. (2008). Intercalation of Mg–Al layered double hydroxide by anionic surfactants: preparation and characterization.- AppliedClay Science,38: 153-164. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.03.006
4. Felhi, M, Tlili, A, Gaied, ME, & Montacer, M. (2008). Mineralogical study of kaolinitic clays from Sidi El Bader in the far north of Tunisia.- Applied Clay Science, 39: 208-217. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.06.004
5. Gao, Deyu, Heimann, RB, Lerchner, J, Seidel, J, & Wolf, G. (2001). Development of a novel moisture sensor based on superabsorbent poly (acrylamide)-montmorillonite composite hydrogels.- Journal of materials science, 36: 4567-4571. doi:10.1023/A:1017971811942
6. Hooper, HH, Blank, HW, & Prausnitz, JM. (1990). Absorbent polymer technology. In: Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers BV.
7. Kikuchi, Akihiko, & Okano, Teruo. (2002). Pulsatile drug release control using hydrogels.- Advanced drug delivery reviews, 54: 53-77. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00243-5
8. Lagaly, G, Reese, M, & Abend, S. (1999). Smectites as colloidal stabilizers of emulsions: II. Rheological properties of smectite-laden emulsions.- Applied clay science, 14: 279-298. doi:10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00004-6
9. Lanthong, P, Nuisin, R, & Kiatkamjornwong, S. (2006). Graft copolymerization, characterization, and degradation of cassava starch-g-acrylamide/itaconic acid superabsorbents.- Carbohydrate Polymers, 66: 229-245. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.03.006
10. Lee, Wen-Fu, & Chen, Yung-Chu. (2005). Effect of intercalated reactive mica on water absorbency for poly (sodium acrylate) composite superabsorbents.- European Polymer Journal, 41: 1605-1612. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.02.011
11. Li, An, Liu,Ruifeng, & Wang, Aiqin. (2005). Preparation of starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite.- Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 98:1351-1357. doi:10.1002/app.22302
12. Li, An, & Wang, Aiqin. (2005). Synthesis and properties of clay-based superabsorbent composite.- European Polymer Journal, 41: 1630-1637. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.01.028
13. Lim, Doo-Won, Song, Kyong-Geun, Yoon, Kee-Jong, & Ko, Sohk-Won. (2002). Synthesis of acrylic acid-based superabsorbent interpenetrated with sodium PVA sulfate using inverse-emulsion polymerization.- European Polymer Journal, 38: 579-586. PII: S 0 0 1 4 - 3 0 5 7 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 1 6 4 - 1
14. Lin, Jianming, Wu, Jihuai, Yang, Zhengfang, & Pu, Minli. (2001). Synthesis and properties of poly (acrylic acid)/mica superabsorbent nanocomposite.- Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 22: 422-424. doi:10.1002/1521-3927(20010301)22:6<422::AID-MARC422>3.0.CO;2-R
15. Lin, SB, Lin, JM, & Shi, RX. (2000). Synthesis of Hybridized Polyacrylic Acid-Kaolin Material and Its Superwater Absorbent Performance.- Journal of Huaqiao University (Natural Science), 3: 246-251. doi:10.1177/0967391106014007
16. Mathakiya, Ismail, Vangani, Veena, & Rakshit, Animesh Kumar. (1998). Terpolymerization of acrylamide, acrylic acid, and acrylonitrile: Synthesis and properties.- Journal of applied polymer science, 69: 217-228. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980711)69:2<217::AID-APP2>3.0.CO;2-Q Mostafa, Kh M. (1995).
17. Graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto starch using potassium permanganate acid (redox system).- Journal of applied polymer science, 56: 263-269. doi:10.1002/app.1995.070560217
18. Ni, Zheming, Xing, Fangfang, Wang, Ping, & Cao, Genting. (2008). Retracted: Synthesis, characterization and release of curcumin-intercalated Mg–Al-layered double hydroxides. In: Elsevier.
19. Omidian, H, Hashemi, SA, Sammes, PG, & Meldrum, I. (1998). A model for the swelling of superabsorbent polymers.- Polymer, 39: 6697-6704. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00095-0
20. Patel, Hasmukh A., Somani, Rajesh S., Bajaj, Hari C., & Jasra, Raksh V., (2007). Preparation and characterization of phosphonium montmorillonite with enhanced thermal stability.- Applied Clay Science, 35: 194-200. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2006.09.012
21. Patent, US (1961). (United States of America Patent No. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
22. Po, Riccardo. (1994). Water-absorbent polymers: a patent survey.- Journal of Macromolecular
23. Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews, 34: 607-662. doi:10.1080/15321799408014168
24. Pourjavadi, Ali, Sadeghi, Mohammad, Mahmodi Hashemi, Mohammad, & Hosseinzadeh, Hossein. (2006). Synthesis and absorbency of gelatin-graft-poly (sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) superabsorbent hydrogel with saltand pH-responsiveness properties.- e-Polymers, 6: 057. doi:10.1515/epoly.2006.6.1.728
25. Ramazani-Harandi, MJ, Zohuriaan-Mehr, MJ, Yousefi, AA, Ershad-Langroudi, A, & Kabiri, K. (2006). Rheological determination of the swollen gel strength of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels.- Polymer testing, 25: 470-474. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.01.011
26. Saeidi, Ardeshir, Katbab, AA, Vasheghani‐Farahani, E, & Afshar, F. (2004). Formulation design, optimization, characterization and swelling behaviour of a cationic superabsorbent based on a copolymer of [3‐(methacryloylamino) propyl] trimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide.- Polymer international, 53: 92-100. doi:10.1002/pi.1405
27. Santiago, Francisca, Mucientes, Antonio E, Osorio, Monica, & Rivera, Carlos. (2007). Preparation of composites and nanocomposites based on bentonite and poly (sodium acrylate). Effect of amount of bentonite on the swelling behaviour.- European polymer journal, 43: 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.07.023
28. Shiga, Tohru, Hirose, Yoshiharu, Okada, Akane, & Kurauchi, Toshio. (1992). Bending of poly (vinyl alcohol)–poly (sodium acrylate) composite hydrogel in electric fields.- Journal of applied polymer science, 44: 249-253. doi:10.1002/app.1992.070440209
29. Shiga, Tohru, Hirose, Yoshiharu, Okada, Akane, & Kurauchi, Toshio. (1993). Bending of ionic polymer gel caused by swelling under sinusoidally varying electric fields.- Journal of Applied
Polymer Science, 47: 113-119. doi:10.1002/app.1993.070470114
30. Tiwari, Rajkiran R, Khilar, Kartic C, & Natarajan, Upendra. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of novel organo-montmorillonites.- Applied Clay Science,38: 203-208. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.05.008
31. Vazquez, A, López, M, Kortaberria, G, Martín, L, & Mondragon, I. (2008). Modification of montmorillonite with cationic surfactants. Thermal and chemical analysis including CEC determination.- Applied Clay Science, 41: 24-36. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.10.001
32. Wang, Wenji, Zhang, Junping, Chen, Hao, & Wang, Aiqin. (2007). Study on superabsorbent composite. VIII. Effects of acid‐and heat‐activated attapulgite on water absorbency of polyacrylamide/attapulgite.- Journal of applied polymer science, 103: 2419-2424. doi:10.1002/app.25452
33. Wu, Jihuai, Wei, Yueling, Lin, Jianming, & Lin, Songbai. (2003). Study on starch-graft-acrylamide/mineral powder superabsorbent composite.- Polymer, 44: 6513-6520. doi:10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00728-6
34. Wu, Lan, & Liu, Mingzhu. (2007). Slow-release potassium silicate fertilizer with the function of superabsorbent and water retention.- Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 46: 6494-6500. doi:10.1021/ie070573l
35. Xie, Yiming, Wei, Yuelin, Huang, Yunfang, Lin, Jianming, & Wu, Jihuai. (2012). Synthesis and characterization of poly (sodium acrylate)/bentonite superabsorbent composite. Journal of Physics: Conference Series,
36. Xu, Kun, Wang, Jihua, Xiang, Sheng, Chen, Qiang, Yue, Yumei, Su, Xuefeng, Song, Chunlei, &Wang, Pixin. (2007). Polyampholytes superabsorbent nanocomposites with excellent gel strength.-Composites science and technology, 67: 3480-3486. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.02.009
37. Zhang, Junping, Liu, Ruifeng, Li, An, & Wang, Aiqin. (2006). Preparation, swelling behaviors, and slow-release properties of a poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/sodium humate superabsorbent composite.- Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 45: 48-53. doi:10.1021/ie050745j
38. Zhang, Junping, Wang, Li, & Wang, Aiqin. (2007). Preparation and properties of chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite via in situ intercalative polymerization.- Industrial &engineering chemistry research, 46: 2497-2502. doi:10.1021/ie061385i
39. Zheng, Yian, Li, Ping, Zhang, Junping, & Wang, Aiqin. (2007). Study on superabsorbent composite XVI. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of poly (sodium acrylate)/vermiculite superabsorbent composites.- EuropeanPolymer Journal,43: 1691-1698. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.02.023
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Jan 16, 2024
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Shaheen Wali, Manzoor Iqbal Khattak, Mahmood Iqbal Khattak, Adnan Afridi, & Hamidullah. (2024). SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF SIBI BENTONITE CLAY-GRAFT-POLY (ACRYLAMIDE/CO- ACRYLIC ACID) SUPERABSORBENT COMPOSITE AND ITS ABSORBENCY STUDY OF WATER. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(1), 2022–2033. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i1.4094
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Author Biographies
Shaheen Wali
Department of Chemistry, Unviversity of Balochistan, Quetta.
Manzoor Iqbal Khattak
Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta.
Mahmood Iqbal Khattak
PCSIR labs Complex, Jamrud Road, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Adnan Afridi
Department of Chemistry, Unviversity of Balochistan, Quetta.
Hamidullah
Department of Chemistry, Balochistan University of Information Technology , Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta.