ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF CASSIA FISTULA AND PONGAMIA PINNATA EXTRACTS AGAINST COPTOTERMES HEIMI.
Main Article Content
Keywords
C. heimi, mortality, GC-MS, P. pinnata, Antitermitic.
Abstract
Present study focuses on the potential use of leaf extracts from two plant species for controlling Coptotermes heimi. Leaves from Pongamia pinnata and Cassia fistula were extracted with ethanol solution. The results showed that pongamia pinnata extract was more potent as compared to C. fistula. GC-MS analysis of both the plants revealed several important compounds, that could be further utilizes to explore the antitermitic potential of the identified components. Our findings indicated that percentage of mortality depends on the concentration and time of exposure. Both the extracts were repellent. This research underscores the potential of plant-derived solutions for sustainable termite control, paving the way for development of environmental friendly pest management strategies.
References
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23. Krishna, K., Grimaldi, D. A., Krishna, V., & Engel, M. S. (2013). Treatise on the Isoptera of the world.
24. Kumar, M., & Singh, R. (2002). Potential of Pongamia glabra vent as an insecticide of plant origin. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 20(1), 29-50.
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27. Nyeko P, Olubayo FM. Participatory assessment of farmers’ experiences of termite problems in agroforestry in Tororo District. University of Nairobi; 2005.
28. Okori, B. C., Oryema, C., Opiro, R., Amos, A., Obici, G. I., Rutaro, K., ... & Sande, E. (2022). Ethnobotanical survey of plants locally used in the control of termite pests among rural communities in northern Uganda. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience, 3(1), 37.
29. Osipitan, A. A., & Oseyemi, A. E. (2012). Evaluation of the bio-insecticidal potential of some tropical plant extracts against termite (Termitidae: Isoptera) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Entomology, 9(5), 257-65.
30. Paul, B., Khan, M. A., Paul, S., Shankarganesh, K., & Chakravorty, S. (2018). Termites and Indian agriculture. Termites and Sustainable Management: Volume 2-Economic Losses and Management, 51-96.
31. PaVela, R. (2009). Effectiveness of some botanical insecticides against Spodoptera littoralis Boisduvala (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae), Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Plant Protection Science, 45(4), 161-167.
32. Peterson, C. (2006). Subterranean Termites: Their prevention and control in buildings (No. 64). USDA Forest Service, Wood Products Insect Research Unit.
33. Phongpaichit, S., Pujenjob, N., Rukachaisirikul, V., & Ongsakul, M. (2004). Antifungal activity from leaf extracts of Cassia alata L., Cassia fistula L. and Cassia tora L. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol, 26(5), 741-748.
34. Qasim, M., Majeed, M. Z., Arshad, M., Abbas, U., Shehzad, M. Z., & Raza, A. B. M. (2022). In-vitro Toxicity of Synthetic Insecticides against Subterranean Termites, Coptotermes heimi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
35. Ravan,S.,Khan,I.A.,Manzoor,F.andKhan,Z.(2015)Feeding habitats and wood preferences of termites in Iran. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3, 20–23.
36. Reena, R., Ram Singh, R. S., & Sinha, B. K. (2012). Evaluation of Pongamia pinnata seed extracts as an insecticide against American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner).
37. Rizvi, M. M. A., Irshad, M., Hassadi, G. E., & Younis, S. B. (2009). Bioefficacies of Cassia fistula: an Indian labrum. African journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(6), 287-292.
38. Rust, M. K., & Su, N. Y. (2012). Managing social insects of urban importance. Annual review of entomology, 57, 355-375.
39. Sagwan, S. D. V. R., Rao, D. V., & Sharma, R. A. (2012). In vivo and in vitro proportional antimicrobial activity in karanj (Pongamia pinnata): an imperative leguminous tree. Int J Res Rev Pharm Appl Sci, 2(6), 981-995.
40. Samuel, A. J. S. J., Radhamani, S., Gopinath, R., Kalusalingam, A., Vimala, A. G. K. A., & Husain, A. (2009). In vitro screening of anti-lice activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves. The Korean journal of parasitology, 47(4), 377-380.
41. Samuel, A. J. S. J., Radhamani, S., Gopinath, R., Kalusalingam, A., Vimala, A. G. K. A., & Husain, A. (2009). In vitro screening of anti-lice activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves. The Korean journal of parasitology, 47(4), 377-380.
42. Sharma, S., Verma, M., Prasad, R., & Yadav, D. (2011). Efficacy of non-edible oil seedcakes against termite (Odontotermes obesus).
43. Sileshi, G. W., Kuntashula, E., Matakala, P., & Nkunika, P. O. (2008). Farmers’ perceptions of tree mortality, pests and pest management practices in agroforestry in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. Agroforestry systems, 72, 87-101.
44. Subekti, N., Yoshimura, T., Rokhman, F., & Mastur, Z. (2015). Potential for subterranean termite attack against five bamboo speciesin correlation with chemical components. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 783-788.
45. Suiter, D. R., Jones, S. C., & Forschler, B. T. (2009). Biology of subterranean termites in the Eastern United States.
46. Swamy, B. C. H., Rajagopal, D., & Naik, M. I. (2006). Effect of plant products against larvae of greater wax moth. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 40(1), 125-128.
47. Tabassum, R, Aihetasham, A, Zubair, A, Qurat-Ul-Ain, & Ashraf, S. (2023). Termiticidal activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of medicinal plants Calotropis gigantea and Morus alba against Heterotermes indicola (wasmann). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 2192–2202.
48. Taiwo, A. M. (2019). A review of environmental and health effects of organochlorine pesticide residues in Africa. Chemosphere, 220, 1126-1140.
49. Thomas, M., Gayathri, S., Athira, K. P., Elias, R. S., Soumya, S., & Kurian, P. (2023). Efficacy of plant leaf extracts on termites under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 11(1), 106-110.
50. Verma, M., Pradhan, S., Sharma, S., Naik, S. N., & Prasad, R. (2011). Efficacy of karanjin and phorbol ester fraction against termites (Odontotermes obesus). International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(6), 877-882.
51. Zia Ullah, Z. U., Atif Ijaz, A. I., Mughal, T. K., & Khurram Zia, K. Z. (2018). Larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say.(Culicidae, Diptera).
2. Adfa, M., Romayasa, A., Kusnanda, A. J., Avidlyandi, A., YUDHA S, S., Banon, C., & Gustian, I. (2020). Chemical components, antitermite and antifungal activities of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon wood vinegar. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 48(1), 107-116.
3. Ahmad, F., Fouad, H., Liang, S. Y., Hu, Y., & Mo, J. C. (2021). Termites and Chinese agricultural system: applications and advances in integrated termite management and chemical control. Insect science, 28(1), 2-20.
4. Ahmed, S., Tabassum, M. H., & Hassan, B. (2022). Evaluation of Antitermite Properties of Wood Extracts from Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Leguminosae) against Subterranean Termites. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 94, e20190591.
5. Ali, M. A., Sayeed, M. A., Bhuiyan, M. S. A., Sohel, F. I., & Yeasmin, M. S. (2004). Antimicrobial screening of Cassia fistula and Mesua ferrea. J Med Sci, 4(1), 24-29.
6. Al-Solami, H. M., Saleh, M. S., Al-Ghamdi, K. M., Abuzinadah, O. A., & Mahyoub, J. A. (2014). Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae to some non-conventional insecticides. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia, 11(2), 749-53.
7. Anjarwalla P, Belmain S, Sola P, Jamnadass R, Stevenson PC. Handbook on pesticidal plants. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. 2016;64.
8. Anjarwalla, P., Belmain, S., Ofori, D. A., Sola, P., Jamnadass, R., & Stevenson, P. C. (2016). Handbook on Pesticidal Plants.
9. Ankit, Saha, L., Kishor, V., & Bauddh, K. (2020). Impacts of synthetic pesticides on soil health and non-targeted flora and fauna. Ecological and practical applications for sustainable agriculture, 65-88.
10. Arinana, A., Mohamad M, R. A. H. M. A. N., Rachel EG, S. I. L. A. B. A. N., Setiawan Khoirul, H. I. M. M. I., & Dodi, N. A. N. D. I. K. A. (2022). Preference of subterranean termites among community timber species in Bogor, Indonesia. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 50(6), 458-474.
11. Bahorun, T., Neergheen, V. S., & Aruoma, O. I. (2005). Phytochemical constituents of Cassia fistula. African journal of Biotechnology, 4(13).
12. Baker, P. B., & Marchosky, R. (2005). Arizona termites of economic importance.
13. Brauman, A., Majeed, M. Z., Buatois, B., Robert, A., Pablo, A. L., & Miambi, E. (2015). Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by termites: does the feeding guild matter?. PloS one, 10(12), e0144340.
14. Chopade, V. V., Tankar, A. N., Pande, V. V., Tekade, A. R., Gowekar, N. M., Bhandari, S. R., & Khandake, S. N. (2008). Pongamia pinnata: Phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 2(2).
15. Davies, A. B., Parr, C. L., & Eggleton, P. (2021). A global review of termite sampling methods. Insectes Sociaux, 68, 3-14..
16. Hiremath, G. I., Ahn, Y. J., & Kim, S. I. (1997). Insecticidal activity of Indian plant extracts against Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 32(1), 159-166.
17. Ilavarasan, R., Malika, M., & Venkataraman, S. (2005). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Cassia fistula Linn bark extracts. African journal of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines, 2(1), 70-85.
18. Im, I. G., & Han, G. S. (2020). Laboratory evaluation of the marking effect of sudan red 7b on subterranean termites (Reticulitermes speratus) in Republic of Korea. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 48(5), 745-754.
19. Jasso‐Selles, D. E., De Martini, F., Velenovsky IV, J. F., Mee, E. D., Montoya, S. J., Hileman, J. T., ... & Gile, G. H. (2020). The complete protist symbiont communities of Coptotermes formosanus and Coptotermes gestroi: morphological and molecular characterization of five new species. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 67(6), 626-641.
20. Kannaiyan, S., (1999). Botanicals in pest control. Inaugural Address in the Training Programme on Botanical in Pest Management, December 1-10. Tamilnadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore, India.
21. Khanikor, B., Barman, J., Sarma, R., Mahanta, S., & Adhikari, K. (2018). Evaluation of efficacy of three essential oils against Odontotermes feae (Isoptera: Termitidae). Int J Environ Res Public Health, 6(2), 68-76.
22. Kiat, L. T., & Chiang, L. K. (2013). Antifungal activity of Cassia fistula L. extracts at different portions (bark, stem, root, leaf) and age classes. Agriculture & Forestry/Poljoprivreda i Sumarstvo, 59(4).
23. Krishna, K., Grimaldi, D. A., Krishna, V., & Engel, M. S. (2013). Treatise on the Isoptera of the world.
24. Kumar, M., & Singh, R. (2002). Potential of Pongamia glabra vent as an insecticide of plant origin. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 20(1), 29-50.
25. Mishra, P., Verma, M., Jha, S., Tripathi, A., Pandey, A., Dikshit, A., & Sharma, S. (2021). Biological approaches of termite management: A review. Curr. Bot, 12, 121-131.
26. Mugerwa, S., Mpairwe, D. R., Zziwa, E., Swaans, C. P., & Peden, D. G. (2014). Integrated termite management for improved rainwater management: A synthesis of selected African experiences. NBDC Technical Report.
27. Nyeko P, Olubayo FM. Participatory assessment of farmers’ experiences of termite problems in agroforestry in Tororo District. University of Nairobi; 2005.
28. Okori, B. C., Oryema, C., Opiro, R., Amos, A., Obici, G. I., Rutaro, K., ... & Sande, E. (2022). Ethnobotanical survey of plants locally used in the control of termite pests among rural communities in northern Uganda. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience, 3(1), 37.
29. Osipitan, A. A., & Oseyemi, A. E. (2012). Evaluation of the bio-insecticidal potential of some tropical plant extracts against termite (Termitidae: Isoptera) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Entomology, 9(5), 257-65.
30. Paul, B., Khan, M. A., Paul, S., Shankarganesh, K., & Chakravorty, S. (2018). Termites and Indian agriculture. Termites and Sustainable Management: Volume 2-Economic Losses and Management, 51-96.
31. PaVela, R. (2009). Effectiveness of some botanical insecticides against Spodoptera littoralis Boisduvala (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae), Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Plant Protection Science, 45(4), 161-167.
32. Peterson, C. (2006). Subterranean Termites: Their prevention and control in buildings (No. 64). USDA Forest Service, Wood Products Insect Research Unit.
33. Phongpaichit, S., Pujenjob, N., Rukachaisirikul, V., & Ongsakul, M. (2004). Antifungal activity from leaf extracts of Cassia alata L., Cassia fistula L. and Cassia tora L. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol, 26(5), 741-748.
34. Qasim, M., Majeed, M. Z., Arshad, M., Abbas, U., Shehzad, M. Z., & Raza, A. B. M. (2022). In-vitro Toxicity of Synthetic Insecticides against Subterranean Termites, Coptotermes heimi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
35. Ravan,S.,Khan,I.A.,Manzoor,F.andKhan,Z.(2015)Feeding habitats and wood preferences of termites in Iran. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3, 20–23.
36. Reena, R., Ram Singh, R. S., & Sinha, B. K. (2012). Evaluation of Pongamia pinnata seed extracts as an insecticide against American bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner).
37. Rizvi, M. M. A., Irshad, M., Hassadi, G. E., & Younis, S. B. (2009). Bioefficacies of Cassia fistula: an Indian labrum. African journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(6), 287-292.
38. Rust, M. K., & Su, N. Y. (2012). Managing social insects of urban importance. Annual review of entomology, 57, 355-375.
39. Sagwan, S. D. V. R., Rao, D. V., & Sharma, R. A. (2012). In vivo and in vitro proportional antimicrobial activity in karanj (Pongamia pinnata): an imperative leguminous tree. Int J Res Rev Pharm Appl Sci, 2(6), 981-995.
40. Samuel, A. J. S. J., Radhamani, S., Gopinath, R., Kalusalingam, A., Vimala, A. G. K. A., & Husain, A. (2009). In vitro screening of anti-lice activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves. The Korean journal of parasitology, 47(4), 377-380.
41. Samuel, A. J. S. J., Radhamani, S., Gopinath, R., Kalusalingam, A., Vimala, A. G. K. A., & Husain, A. (2009). In vitro screening of anti-lice activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves. The Korean journal of parasitology, 47(4), 377-380.
42. Sharma, S., Verma, M., Prasad, R., & Yadav, D. (2011). Efficacy of non-edible oil seedcakes against termite (Odontotermes obesus).
43. Sileshi, G. W., Kuntashula, E., Matakala, P., & Nkunika, P. O. (2008). Farmers’ perceptions of tree mortality, pests and pest management practices in agroforestry in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. Agroforestry systems, 72, 87-101.
44. Subekti, N., Yoshimura, T., Rokhman, F., & Mastur, Z. (2015). Potential for subterranean termite attack against five bamboo speciesin correlation with chemical components. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 783-788.
45. Suiter, D. R., Jones, S. C., & Forschler, B. T. (2009). Biology of subterranean termites in the Eastern United States.
46. Swamy, B. C. H., Rajagopal, D., & Naik, M. I. (2006). Effect of plant products against larvae of greater wax moth. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 40(1), 125-128.
47. Tabassum, R, Aihetasham, A, Zubair, A, Qurat-Ul-Ain, & Ashraf, S. (2023). Termiticidal activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of medicinal plants Calotropis gigantea and Morus alba against Heterotermes indicola (wasmann). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 2192–2202.
48. Taiwo, A. M. (2019). A review of environmental and health effects of organochlorine pesticide residues in Africa. Chemosphere, 220, 1126-1140.
49. Thomas, M., Gayathri, S., Athira, K. P., Elias, R. S., Soumya, S., & Kurian, P. (2023). Efficacy of plant leaf extracts on termites under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 11(1), 106-110.
50. Verma, M., Pradhan, S., Sharma, S., Naik, S. N., & Prasad, R. (2011). Efficacy of karanjin and phorbol ester fraction against termites (Odontotermes obesus). International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(6), 877-882.
51. Zia Ullah, Z. U., Atif Ijaz, A. I., Mughal, T. K., & Khurram Zia, K. Z. (2018). Larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say.(Culicidae, Diptera).
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May 10, 2024
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Qurat-Ul-Ain, Ayesha Aihetasham, & Rafia Tabassum. (2024). ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF CASSIA FISTULA AND PONGAMIA PINNATA EXTRACTS AGAINST COPTOTERMES HEIMI. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(5), 478–488. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i5.6147
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Author Biographies
Qurat-Ul-Ain
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ayesha Aihetasham
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Rafia Tabassum
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan