TERMITICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA AND MORUS ALBA AGAINST HETEROTERMES INDICOLA (WASMANN)
Main Article Content
Keywords
Calotropis gigantea, Morus alba, Heterotermes indicola, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the chemical constituents of leaf extracts from two medicinal plant species Morus alba and Calotropis gigantea against Heterotermes indicola under laboratory conditions. A no-choice bioassay technique using impregnated filter paper was applied. The extracts of leaves of selected plants were obtained in ethanol solvent by using a soxhlet apparatus. A laboratory bioassay was used to investigate the biological activity of leaf extracts against H. indicola. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize leaf extracts, and chemical profiles for extracts from each plant species were obtained. In GC-MS analysis of M. alba, twelve compounds were identified in which Phytol, Squalene, Vitamin E, and Ergost-8-en-3-ol, 14-methyl-, (3β,5α) were the main compounds. γ-Sitosterol, Octacosanol, and Nonadcane were the main chemical components obtained from C. gigantea. Results showed that extracts of C. gigantea exhibited antitermitic activity in a dose-dependent manner and showed significant activity. The LC50 values of M. alba and C. gigantea were 18.48% and 11.30%, respectively, and LC90 values of these extracts against H. indicola were 34.85% and 23.13%, respectively. Gas Chromatography components identified by Mass Chromatography (GC MS) may be further investigated for their antitermitic activity against different termite pest species in Pakistan.
References
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20. Cheng SS, Chang HT, Wu CL, Chang ST. 2007. Anti-termitic activities of essential oils from coniferous trees against Coptotermes formosanus. BioresourceTechnology 98, 456-459.
21. Koul, O., Walia, S. and Dhaliwal, G.S., 2008. Essential oils as green pesticides: Potential and constraints. Biopest. Int., 4: 63-84.
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23. Rana A, Chandel R S, Verma K S, Joshi M J. 2021. Termites in important crops and their management. Indian Journal of Entomology 83: 1-19.
24. Ranjith M, Ramya R S, Boopathi T, Pardeep K, Prabhakaran N, Raja M, Bajya D R. 2021. First report of the fungus Actinomucor elegans Benjamin & Hesseltine belonging to Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) in India. Crop Protection 145: e10562.
25. Ileke KD, Olabimi IO, Ebenezer BD. Termicidal activity of two agro wastes against two termite castes, subterranean termites, Macrotermes subhyalinus [Isoptera: Termitidae]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2022; 39: 102266 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102266
26. Kartal SN, Hwang WJ, Imamura Y, and Sekine Y. Effect of essential oil compounds and plant extracts on decay and termite resistance of wood. Holz. Roh. Werkst. 2006; 64(6): 455-461
27. Lukmandaru G, Ashitani T and Takahashi K. Color and chemical characterization of partially black-streaked heart-wood in teak (Tectona grandis). J. For. Res, 2009; 20(4): 377- 380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-009-0064-5
28. Mary FPA and Giri SR. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds of Achyranthes Aspera. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 7(1): 1045-1056
29. Lukmandaru G. and Ogiyama K. Bioactive compounds from ethyl acetate extract of teakwood (Tectona grandis). Proceedings of the 6th International Wood Science Symposium LIPI-JSPS Core, Bali, Indonesia. 2005; 346-350
30. Xie, CP, Li KF, Lin JL, Li JB. GC-MS analysis on heartwood extractive chemical components of different provenances teak (Tectona grandis L.F). Adv. Mat. Res., Trans Tech. Publ. 2011;1049- 1053. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.236-238.1049
31. Bhat IUH, Khalil A, Shuib NS, Noorr A. Antifungal activity of the heartwood extracts and their constituents from cultivated Tectona grandis against Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Wood Research.2010; 55: 59-66.
32. Hassan, B.; Mankows ki, M.E.; Kirker, G.T.; Clausen, C.A.; Sohail, A. 2018b. Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba) Heartwood Extract Against Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 111(3): 1337-1345
33. Jacob S, Sheila MK. Studies on the antifeedant activity of some plant products against the leaf caterpillar Selepa docilis Butl. on brinjal and Pericallia ricini on castor. Indian J Ent., 1994; 56(3):276-279.
34. Suresh Kumar, P, E. Suresh and S. Kalavathy. Review on a potential herb Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Scholars Acad J Pharm. 2013; 2(2):135-43.
35. Meshram PB. Evaluation of some medicinal and natural plant extracts against Teak Skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walk. The Indian Forester. 1995; 121(6): 528-531.
36. Saikia P, Parameswaran S. Repellents and antifeedant activity of EC and dust formulation of plant derivatives against rice leaf folder Cnaphlocrocis medinalis Guenee. Pestology. 2000; XXIV(4):32-34.
37. Sumathi R, Rajasugunasekar D, Suesh Babu D, Senthil kumar, E, Murugesan, S. Insecticidal Property of Calotropis gigantea against Papaya Mealy bug (Paracoccus marginatus) on Ailanthus excelsa. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology. 2017; 4(1):232-236.
38. Shumaia Parvin, Md. Abdul Kader, Aktar Uzzaman Chouduri, Md. Abu Shuaib Rafshanjani, Md. Ekramul Haque. 2014. Antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities of the n-hexane and ethyl-acetate fractions of methanolic extract of the leaves of Calotropis gigantea Linn. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. 2(5): 47-51.
39. Lukmandaru, G. and K. Ogiyama, 2005. Bioactive compounds from ethyl acetate extract of teakwood (Tectona grandis). Proceedings of the 6th International Wood Science Symposium LIPI-JSPS Core, Bali, Indonesia. 346-350
40. Se Golpayegani, A., Thévenon, M. F., Gril, J., Masson, E., & Pourtahmasi, K. (2014). Toxicity potential in the extraneous compounds of white mulberry wood (Morus alba). Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 16(2), 227-238.
41. Raya-Gonzalez, D., Martinez-Munoz, R. E., Ron-Echeverria, O. A., Flores-Garcia, A., Macias-Rodriguez, L. I., & Martinez-Pacheco, M. M. (2013). Dissuasive effect of an aqueous extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq) Griseb on the drywood termite Incisitermes marginipennis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) (Latreille). Emirates Journal of Food & Agriculture (EJFA), 25(7).
2. Ajayi, O.E., Adedire, C.O. and Lajide, L., 2012. Evaluation of partially purified fractions of crude extracts of the leaves of Morinda lucida (Benth.) and Datura stramonium (L.) for suppression of wood damage by subterranean termites. J. agric. Sci., 4: 125. https://doi.org/10.55 39/jas.v4n5p125
3. Misbah-ul-Haq, M.; Khan, I.A.; Farid, A.; Ullah, M.2015. Dose response relationship of subterranean termite, Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) and two insect growth regulators, hexaflumuron and lufenuron. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 3(4): 86-90.
4. Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. Saunders an Imprint of Elsevier; 2005. pp. 41–7.
5. Adams, R.P., McDaniel, C.A. and Carter, F.I., 1988. Termiticidal activities in the heartwood, bark/ sapwood and leaves of Junipers species from the United States. Biochem. Sys. Ecol., 16: 453-456.
6. Meepagala, K.M., Osbrink, W., Sturtz, G. and Lax, A., 2006. Plant-derived natural products exhibiting activity against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus). Pest Manage. Sci., 62: 565-570.
7. Murti Y, Yogi B, and Pathak D. 2010. Pharmacognostic standardization of leaves of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae). Int J Ayurveda Res. 1(1): 14–17
8. Raghubir R, Rasik M, Gupta AJ. Healing potential of Calotropis procera on dermal wounds in guinea pigs. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;68:261–6.
9. Yigit D, Akar F, Baydas A, Buyukyildiz M.. 2010. Elemental composition of various mulberry species. Asian J Chem. 22:3554–3560.
10. Srivastava S, Kapoor R, Thathola A, Srivastava RP.. 2006. Nutritional quality of leaves of some genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba). Int J Food Sci Nutr. 57:305–313.
11. Sánchez MD.2000. Mulberry: an exceptional forage available almost worldwide! World Anim Rev. 93:1–21.
12. Zhao, B., Grant, G.G., Langevin, D. and MacDonald, L., 1998. Deterring and inhibiting effects of quinolizidine alkaloids on the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) oviposition. Environ. Ent., 27: 984-992.
13. Isman, M.B., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Prot., 19: 603-608.
14. Khan, Z.R. and Saxena, R.C., 1986. Effect of steam distillate extracts of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars on behaviour of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae). J. econ. Ent., 79: 928- 935.
15. Ahmed S, Hussain A, Zafar MI, Riaz, MA, Shahid M. 2011. Evaluation of Plant Extracts on Mortality and Tunneling Activities of Subterranean Termites in Pakistan. INTECH Open Access Publisher
16. Ahmed, S., Hussain, A., Zafar, M.I., Riaz, M.A. and Shahid, M., 2011. Evaluation of plant extracts on mortality and tunneling activities of subterranean termites in Pakistan. In: Pesticides in the modern world - Pests control and pesticides exposure and toxicity assessment (ed. M. Stoytcheva). INTECH Open Access Publisher.
17. Breuer, M.G.H. and Schmidt, G.H., 1995. Influence of a short period treatment with Melia azedarach extract on food intake and growth of the larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). J. Pl. Dis. Prot., 102: 633-654.
18. Hiremath, I.G., Youngjoon, A., Soonll, K., Ahn, Y.J.L. and Kim, S.I., 1997. Insecticidal activity of Indian plant extracts against Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Appl. Ent. Zool., 32: 159-166.
19. Elango, G., Rahuman, A.A., Kamaraj, C., Bagavan, A., Zahir, A.A., Santhoshkumar, T. and Rajakumar, G., 2012. Efficacy of medicinal plant extracts against Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus. Ind. Crops Prod., 36: 524-530.
20. Cheng SS, Chang HT, Wu CL, Chang ST. 2007. Anti-termitic activities of essential oils from coniferous trees against Coptotermes formosanus. BioresourceTechnology 98, 456-459.
21. Koul, O., Walia, S. and Dhaliwal, G.S., 2008. Essential oils as green pesticides: Potential and constraints. Biopest. Int., 4: 63-84.
22. Padwal KG, Chakravarty S, and Srivastava CP. 2023. EFFICACY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST TERMITES UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. Indian Journal of Entomology Online published Ref. No. e23139. DoI. No.: 10.55446/IJE.2023.1139
23. Rana A, Chandel R S, Verma K S, Joshi M J. 2021. Termites in important crops and their management. Indian Journal of Entomology 83: 1-19.
24. Ranjith M, Ramya R S, Boopathi T, Pardeep K, Prabhakaran N, Raja M, Bajya D R. 2021. First report of the fungus Actinomucor elegans Benjamin & Hesseltine belonging to Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) in India. Crop Protection 145: e10562.
25. Ileke KD, Olabimi IO, Ebenezer BD. Termicidal activity of two agro wastes against two termite castes, subterranean termites, Macrotermes subhyalinus [Isoptera: Termitidae]. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2022; 39: 102266 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102266
26. Kartal SN, Hwang WJ, Imamura Y, and Sekine Y. Effect of essential oil compounds and plant extracts on decay and termite resistance of wood. Holz. Roh. Werkst. 2006; 64(6): 455-461
27. Lukmandaru G, Ashitani T and Takahashi K. Color and chemical characterization of partially black-streaked heart-wood in teak (Tectona grandis). J. For. Res, 2009; 20(4): 377- 380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-009-0064-5
28. Mary FPA and Giri SR. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds of Achyranthes Aspera. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 7(1): 1045-1056
29. Lukmandaru G. and Ogiyama K. Bioactive compounds from ethyl acetate extract of teakwood (Tectona grandis). Proceedings of the 6th International Wood Science Symposium LIPI-JSPS Core, Bali, Indonesia. 2005; 346-350
30. Xie, CP, Li KF, Lin JL, Li JB. GC-MS analysis on heartwood extractive chemical components of different provenances teak (Tectona grandis L.F). Adv. Mat. Res., Trans Tech. Publ. 2011;1049- 1053. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.236-238.1049
31. Bhat IUH, Khalil A, Shuib NS, Noorr A. Antifungal activity of the heartwood extracts and their constituents from cultivated Tectona grandis against Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Wood Research.2010; 55: 59-66.
32. Hassan, B.; Mankows ki, M.E.; Kirker, G.T.; Clausen, C.A.; Sohail, A. 2018b. Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba) Heartwood Extract Against Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 111(3): 1337-1345
33. Jacob S, Sheila MK. Studies on the antifeedant activity of some plant products against the leaf caterpillar Selepa docilis Butl. on brinjal and Pericallia ricini on castor. Indian J Ent., 1994; 56(3):276-279.
34. Suresh Kumar, P, E. Suresh and S. Kalavathy. Review on a potential herb Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Scholars Acad J Pharm. 2013; 2(2):135-43.
35. Meshram PB. Evaluation of some medicinal and natural plant extracts against Teak Skeletonizer, Eutectona machaeralis Walk. The Indian Forester. 1995; 121(6): 528-531.
36. Saikia P, Parameswaran S. Repellents and antifeedant activity of EC and dust formulation of plant derivatives against rice leaf folder Cnaphlocrocis medinalis Guenee. Pestology. 2000; XXIV(4):32-34.
37. Sumathi R, Rajasugunasekar D, Suesh Babu D, Senthil kumar, E, Murugesan, S. Insecticidal Property of Calotropis gigantea against Papaya Mealy bug (Paracoccus marginatus) on Ailanthus excelsa. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology. 2017; 4(1):232-236.
38. Shumaia Parvin, Md. Abdul Kader, Aktar Uzzaman Chouduri, Md. Abu Shuaib Rafshanjani, Md. Ekramul Haque. 2014. Antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities of the n-hexane and ethyl-acetate fractions of methanolic extract of the leaves of Calotropis gigantea Linn. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. 2(5): 47-51.
39. Lukmandaru, G. and K. Ogiyama, 2005. Bioactive compounds from ethyl acetate extract of teakwood (Tectona grandis). Proceedings of the 6th International Wood Science Symposium LIPI-JSPS Core, Bali, Indonesia. 346-350
40. Se Golpayegani, A., Thévenon, M. F., Gril, J., Masson, E., & Pourtahmasi, K. (2014). Toxicity potential in the extraneous compounds of white mulberry wood (Morus alba). Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 16(2), 227-238.
41. Raya-Gonzalez, D., Martinez-Munoz, R. E., Ron-Echeverria, O. A., Flores-Garcia, A., Macias-Rodriguez, L. I., & Martinez-Pacheco, M. M. (2013). Dissuasive effect of an aqueous extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq) Griseb on the drywood termite Incisitermes marginipennis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) (Latreille). Emirates Journal of Food & Agriculture (EJFA), 25(7).
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Nov 15, 2023
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Rafia Tabassum, Ayesha Aihetasham, Ansar Zubair, Qurat-Ul-Ain, & Salma Ashraf. (2023). TERMITICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA AND MORUS ALBA AGAINST HETEROTERMES INDICOLA (WASMANN). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 2192–2203. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.6091
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Author Biographies
Rafia Tabassum
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ayesha Aihetasham
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ansar Zubair
Department of Zoology, University of the Education, Lahore, Pakistan
Qurat-Ul-Ain
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Salma Ashraf
Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan