MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS AGAINST E. COLI, P. AERUGINOSA, ENTEROBACTER SPP. AND KLEBSIELLA SPP. IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS. FIRST EVER REPORTED STRAINS IN DIVISION SAHIWAL
Main Article Content
Keywords
Antibiotics, humans, animals, bacteria, resistance
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial medications have been crucial in both animals and humans to reduce infections and death rate. Antibiotic resistance is found in all bacteria including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. To find out the effective medication is necessary to cure the disease resulted from bacteria. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to isolate, test antibiotic resistance patterns against bacteria and to find novel strains from division. Methodology: This study was conducted in accordance to the declarations of Helsinki. About 120 stool samples from humans and 100 fecal samples were collected from chicken and goat. Bacteria were isolated in laboratory. Biochemical tests were employed to identify bacteria. To test antibiotic susceptibility five antibiotics on humans and thirteen antibiotics on chicken and goat were used against bacteria. DNA was extracted and checks quantity by agarose gel electrophoresis. The 16srRNA primers were used for PCR analysis. Results: In humans, Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin were sensitive, ceftriaxone and ampicillin shows no sensitivity against bacteria. Cefixime shows resistance to both bacteria. In chicken and goat streptomycin was sensitive, while all others were not sensitive against bacteria. Azithromycin. Nalidixic acid, Pencillin and Ofloxacin were completely resistant. Conclusion: It is concluded that E. Coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. in humans and animals are first reported in division. These could be risk for human health because of the chance of transmission of these bacteria to people by food chain or direct interaction to humans.
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17. Duse A, Waller KP, Emanuelson U, Unnerstad HE, Persson Y, Bengtsson BJJods. Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli from preweaned dairy calves. 2015;98(1):500-16.
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19. Hordijk J, Mevius DJ, Kant A, Bos ME, Graveland H, Bosman AB, et al. Within-farm dynamics of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in veal calves: a longitudinal approach. 2013;68(11):2468-76.
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22. Lee JHJA, microbiology e. Methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from major food animals and their potential transmission to humans. 2003;69(11):6489-94.
23. Sengeløv G, Halling-Sørensen B, Aarestrup FMJVm. Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium isolated from pigs and broiler chickens to tetracycline degradation products and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in E. coli from food animals. 2003;95(1-2):91-101.
24. Smith J, Drum D, Dai Y, Kim J, Sanchez S, Maurer J, et al. Impact of antimicrobial usage on antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli strains colonizing broiler chickens. 2007;73(5):1404-14.
25. Witte WJIjoaa. Selective pressure by antibiotic use in livestock. 2000;16:19-24.
26. Zhang XY, Ding LJ, Fan MZJRivs. Resistance patterns and detection of aac (3)-IV gene in apramycin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals and farm workers in northeastern of China. 2009;87(3):449-54.
27. Marshall BM, Levy SBJCmr. Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. 2011;24(4):718-33.
28. Scott LC, Menzies PIJVCFAP. Antimicrobial resistance and small ruminant veterinary practice. 2011;27(1):23-32.
29. Allen HK, Donato J, Wang HH, Cloud-Hansen KA, Davies J, Handelsman JJNRM. Call of the wild: antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. 2010;8(4):251-9.
30. Costa D, Poeta P, Sáenz Y, Vinué L, Coelho AC, Matos M, et al. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from wild animals. 2008;14(1):71-7.
31. Espie E, Vaillant V, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Grimont F, Martin-Schaller R, De Valk H, et al. Escherichia coli O157 outbreak associated with fresh unpasteurized goats' cheese. 2006;134(1):143-6.
32. Jacob M, Foster D, Rogers A, Balcomb C, Shi X, Nagaraja TJJofp. Evidence of non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli in the feces of meat goats at a US slaughter plant. 2013;76(9):1626-9.
33. Vu-Khac H, Cornick NAJVM. Prevalence and genetic profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from buffaloes, cattle, and goats in central Vietnam. 2008;126(4):356-63.
34. Akond MA, Alam S, Hassan S, Shirin MJIJofs. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and poultry environment of Bangladesh. 2009;11:19-23.
35. Getanda PK, Kariuki F, Gitahi N, Onkoba N, Juma G, Kinyanjui P, et al. Genetic characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance patterns of human salmonella typhi isolates in kenyatta national hospital in nairobi, kenya. 2017;3.
36. Ewing WH. Edwards and Ewing's identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Edwards and Ewing's Identification of Enterobacteriaceae. 1986(Edition 4).
37. Aneja K. Experiments in microbiology, plant pathology and biotechnology: New Age International; 2007.
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May 4, 2024
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Yasir Nawaz, Fouzia Tanvir, Javaria Zafar, Namra Ashiq, Mohsin Bilal, Saira, Saira Arshad, Saba Munir, & Ibrar Hussain. (2024). MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS AGAINST E. COLI, P. AERUGINOSA, ENTEROBACTER SPP. AND KLEBSIELLA SPP. IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS. FIRST EVER REPORTED STRAINS IN DIVISION SAHIWAL. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(5), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i5.5451
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Author Biographies
Yasir Nawaz
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Fouzia Tanvir
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Javaria Zafar
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Namra Ashiq
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Mohsin Bilal
School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
Saira
Department of Zoology, Women University, Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
Saira Arshad
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Saba Munir
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
Ibrar Hussain
Department of zoology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan