EXPLORING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) OIL AGAINST INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Anti-inflammatory, Ginger Oil, Inflammatory Process, Natural Remedy, Therapeutic Potential, Zingiber Officinale
Abstract
This research shows the effect of ginger (zingiber officinale) on inflammation by using various methods, like laboratory experiments and data analysis techniques. Then through HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography), the quantity is determined and by in-vitro tests such as the DPPH test, peroxide value test and FRAP are performed to assess gingerol’s and other phenolic compound’s anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The study findings reveal that ginger oil, rich in bioactive compounds can act against inflammatory responses by reducing inflammation significantly.
References
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2. Abdullahi A, Khairulmazmi A, Yasmeen S, Ismail IS, Norhayu A, Sulaiman MR, Ahmed OH, Ismail MR. (2020). Phytochemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) essential oils against important phytopathogens. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(11), 8012-25.
3. Al-Nahain, Abdullah, Jahan, Rownak, & Rahmatullah, Mohammed. (2014). Zingiber officinale: A Potential Plant against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis, 2014, 159089.
4. Altman, Roy D., and Krishna K., (2001). Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 44(11), 2531-2538.
5. Ammon, Herbert P., & Wahl, Marco A. (1991). Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Medica, 57(1), 1-7.
6. Black, C. D., & Herring, M. P. (2010). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. The Journal of Pain, 11 (9), 894-903.
7. Butt, M. S., & Sultan, M. T. (2011). Ginger and its health claims: molecular aspects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51 (5), 383–393.
8. Chakraborty, D., Mukherjee, A., Sikdar, S., Paul, A., Ghosh, S., & Khuda-Bukhsh, A. R. (2012). [6]-Gingerol isolated from ginger attenuates sodium arsenite induced oxidative stress and plays a corrective role in improving insulin signaling in mice. Toxicology Letters, 210 (1), 34-43.
9. Chrubasik, S., Pittler, M. H., & Roufogalis, B. D. (2005). Zingiberis rhizoma: A comprehensive review on the ginger effect and efficacy profiles. Phytomedicine, 12 (9), 684-701.
10. Dugasani, Satyanarayana, et al. (2010). Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(2), 515–520.
11. Funk, J. L., Frye, J. B., Oyarzo, J. N., Kuscuoglu, N., Wilson, J., McCaffrey, G., ... & Timmermann, B. N. (2009). Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 60 (2), 323-331.
12. Gupta, R., Singh, P. K., Singh, R., & Singh, R. L. (2016). Pharmacological activities of Zingiber Officinale (ginger) and its active ingredients: A review. International Journal of Innovation Science and Research, 4, 1–18.
13. Grzanna, R., Lindmark, L., & Frondoza, C. G. (2005). Ginger—an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8 (2), 125–132.
14. Habib, H. M., Liju, S. H., Thampan, R. V., Kuttan, R., & Kuttan, G. (2008). Ginger extract (Zingiber Officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats. Clinics, 63(6).
15. Imo, C. (2019). Medicinal properties of ginger and garlic: A Review. Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences, 18 (2).
16. Jeena, K., Liju, V. B., & Kuttan, R. (2015). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities of essential oil from ginger. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 12 (Source).
17. Kiuchi, Masataka H., Sun, Wenkui, & Cheng, Qi. (1992). Pharmacological uses and health benefits of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) in traditional Asian and ancient Chinese medicine, and modern practice. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3, 309–319.
18. Kizhakkayil, J., & Sasikumar, B. (2012). Characterization of ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosce) germplasm based on volatile and non-volatile components. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (4), 777-786.
19. Kustriyanti, D., & Putri, A. A. (2019). Ginger and lemon aromatherapy to relieve nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, 14 (1), 15.
20. Liu, C. T., Jia, R. Z., Yang, W. R., Wang, T., Wei, G. T., & Yi, J. L. (2006). Antidiabetic effect of garlic oil but not diallyl disulfide in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(8), 1377–1384.
21. Lua, P. L., Salihah, N., & Mazlan, N. (2015). Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 23 (3), 396-404.
22. Mukherjee, S., Mandal, N., Dey, A., & Mondal, B. (2014). An Approach towards optimization of the extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from ginger (Zingiber Officinale). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51 (11), 3301–3308.
23. Mughal MH. (2019). 6-gingerol and shogaol; a comprehensive strategy against various maladies. Significances of Bioengineering and Bioscience, 3, 1-9.
24. Murakami, A., Takahashi, M., Jiwajinda, S., Koshimizu, K., & Ohigashi, H. (1999). Identification of zerumbone in zingiber zerumbet smith as a potent inhibitor of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced epstein-barr virus activation. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 63, 1811–1812.
25. Nigam, N., Bhui, K., Prasad, S., George, J., & Shukla, Y. (2009). [6]-Gingerol induces reactive oxygen species regulated mitochondrial cell death pathway in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 181 (1), 77-84.
26. Oforma, C. C., Udourioh, G. A., & Ojinnaka, C. M. (2019). Characterization of essential oils and fatty acids composition of stored ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 23 (12), 2231-2238.
27. Ogbuewu, I., Jiwuba, P., Ezeokeke, C., Uchegbu, M., Okoli, I., & Iloeje, M. (2014). Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional composition of ginger rhizome powder. International Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development, 17 (1), 1663-1670.
28. Ojulari, L. S., Olatubosun, O. T., Okesina, K. B., & Owoyele, B. V. (2014). The effect of zingiber officinale (ginger) extract on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy humans. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13 (10), 76–78.
29. Ozgoli, G., Mojab, F., Gharabagh, M. S., et al. (2009). Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(2), 129-132.
30. Roufogalis, Basil D., et al. (2014). Zingiber officinale (Ginger): A future outlook on its potential in prevention and treatment of diabetes and prediabetic states. New Journal of Science, 2014.
31. Sakr, S. A., Badawy, G. M., & (2011). Effect of ginger (Zingiber Officinale R.) on metiram-inhibited spermatogenesis and induced apoptosis in albino mice. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(6), 131–136.
32. Shieh, Y.-H., Huang, H.-M., Wang, C.-C., Lee, C.-C., Fan, C.-K., & Lee, Y.-L. (2015). Zerumbone enhances the Th1 response and ameliorates ovalbumin-induced th2 responses and airway inflammation in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol., 24, 383–391.
33. Singletary, K. (2010). Ginger: An overview of health benefits. Nutrition Today, 45 (4), 171-183.
34. Sueishi, Y., Masamoto, H., Kotake, Y., & Kinoshita, M. (2019). Heat treatments of ginger root modify but not diminish its antioxidant activity as measured with the MULTIS method. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 65(2), 143–147.
35. Supu, Rahmadona Dewi, Diantini, Aris, & Levita, Jullieta. (2019). Red ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum): Its chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and safety. Fitofarmaka: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 1, 23–29.
36. Vijayaraghavan, K., Rajkumar, J., & Seyed, M. A. (2018). Phytochemical screening, free radical scavenging, and antimicrobial potential of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts against pathogenic bacterium in wound infections–a multispectrum perspective. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 15, 103-112.
37. Viljoen, E., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., & Stewart, A. W. (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting. Nutrition Journal, 13, 20.
38. Yeh, H.-Y., et al. (2014). Bioactive components analysis of two various gingers (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) and antioxidant effect of ginger extracts. LWT - Food Science and Technology, Volume (1), 329–334.
39. Zadeh, J. B., & Kor, N. M. (2014). Physiological and pharmaceutical effects of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) as a valuable medicinal plant. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(1), 87-90.
2. Abdullahi A, Khairulmazmi A, Yasmeen S, Ismail IS, Norhayu A, Sulaiman MR, Ahmed OH, Ismail MR. (2020). Phytochemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) essential oils against important phytopathogens. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(11), 8012-25.
3. Al-Nahain, Abdullah, Jahan, Rownak, & Rahmatullah, Mohammed. (2014). Zingiber officinale: A Potential Plant against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis, 2014, 159089.
4. Altman, Roy D., and Krishna K., (2001). Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 44(11), 2531-2538.
5. Ammon, Herbert P., & Wahl, Marco A. (1991). Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Medica, 57(1), 1-7.
6. Black, C. D., & Herring, M. P. (2010). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. The Journal of Pain, 11 (9), 894-903.
7. Butt, M. S., & Sultan, M. T. (2011). Ginger and its health claims: molecular aspects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51 (5), 383–393.
8. Chakraborty, D., Mukherjee, A., Sikdar, S., Paul, A., Ghosh, S., & Khuda-Bukhsh, A. R. (2012). [6]-Gingerol isolated from ginger attenuates sodium arsenite induced oxidative stress and plays a corrective role in improving insulin signaling in mice. Toxicology Letters, 210 (1), 34-43.
9. Chrubasik, S., Pittler, M. H., & Roufogalis, B. D. (2005). Zingiberis rhizoma: A comprehensive review on the ginger effect and efficacy profiles. Phytomedicine, 12 (9), 684-701.
10. Dugasani, Satyanarayana, et al. (2010). Comparative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of [6]-gingerol, [8]-gingerol, [10]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(2), 515–520.
11. Funk, J. L., Frye, J. B., Oyarzo, J. N., Kuscuoglu, N., Wilson, J., McCaffrey, G., ... & Timmermann, B. N. (2009). Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 60 (2), 323-331.
12. Gupta, R., Singh, P. K., Singh, R., & Singh, R. L. (2016). Pharmacological activities of Zingiber Officinale (ginger) and its active ingredients: A review. International Journal of Innovation Science and Research, 4, 1–18.
13. Grzanna, R., Lindmark, L., & Frondoza, C. G. (2005). Ginger—an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8 (2), 125–132.
14. Habib, H. M., Liju, S. H., Thampan, R. V., Kuttan, R., & Kuttan, G. (2008). Ginger extract (Zingiber Officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats. Clinics, 63(6).
15. Imo, C. (2019). Medicinal properties of ginger and garlic: A Review. Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences, 18 (2).
16. Jeena, K., Liju, V. B., & Kuttan, R. (2015). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities of essential oil from ginger. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 12 (Source).
17. Kiuchi, Masataka H., Sun, Wenkui, & Cheng, Qi. (1992). Pharmacological uses and health benefits of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) in traditional Asian and ancient Chinese medicine, and modern practice. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 3, 309–319.
18. Kizhakkayil, J., & Sasikumar, B. (2012). Characterization of ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosce) germplasm based on volatile and non-volatile components. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (4), 777-786.
19. Kustriyanti, D., & Putri, A. A. (2019). Ginger and lemon aromatherapy to relieve nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, 14 (1), 15.
20. Liu, C. T., Jia, R. Z., Yang, W. R., Wang, T., Wei, G. T., & Yi, J. L. (2006). Antidiabetic effect of garlic oil but not diallyl disulfide in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(8), 1377–1384.
21. Lua, P. L., Salihah, N., & Mazlan, N. (2015). Effects of inhaled ginger aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 23 (3), 396-404.
22. Mukherjee, S., Mandal, N., Dey, A., & Mondal, B. (2014). An Approach towards optimization of the extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from ginger (Zingiber Officinale). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51 (11), 3301–3308.
23. Mughal MH. (2019). 6-gingerol and shogaol; a comprehensive strategy against various maladies. Significances of Bioengineering and Bioscience, 3, 1-9.
24. Murakami, A., Takahashi, M., Jiwajinda, S., Koshimizu, K., & Ohigashi, H. (1999). Identification of zerumbone in zingiber zerumbet smith as a potent inhibitor of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced epstein-barr virus activation. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 63, 1811–1812.
25. Nigam, N., Bhui, K., Prasad, S., George, J., & Shukla, Y. (2009). [6]-Gingerol induces reactive oxygen species regulated mitochondrial cell death pathway in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 181 (1), 77-84.
26. Oforma, C. C., Udourioh, G. A., & Ojinnaka, C. M. (2019). Characterization of essential oils and fatty acids composition of stored ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 23 (12), 2231-2238.
27. Ogbuewu, I., Jiwuba, P., Ezeokeke, C., Uchegbu, M., Okoli, I., & Iloeje, M. (2014). Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional composition of ginger rhizome powder. International Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development, 17 (1), 1663-1670.
28. Ojulari, L. S., Olatubosun, O. T., Okesina, K. B., & Owoyele, B. V. (2014). The effect of zingiber officinale (ginger) extract on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy humans. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13 (10), 76–78.
29. Ozgoli, G., Mojab, F., Gharabagh, M. S., et al. (2009). Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(2), 129-132.
30. Roufogalis, Basil D., et al. (2014). Zingiber officinale (Ginger): A future outlook on its potential in prevention and treatment of diabetes and prediabetic states. New Journal of Science, 2014.
31. Sakr, S. A., Badawy, G. M., & (2011). Effect of ginger (Zingiber Officinale R.) on metiram-inhibited spermatogenesis and induced apoptosis in albino mice. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(6), 131–136.
32. Shieh, Y.-H., Huang, H.-M., Wang, C.-C., Lee, C.-C., Fan, C.-K., & Lee, Y.-L. (2015). Zerumbone enhances the Th1 response and ameliorates ovalbumin-induced th2 responses and airway inflammation in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol., 24, 383–391.
33. Singletary, K. (2010). Ginger: An overview of health benefits. Nutrition Today, 45 (4), 171-183.
34. Sueishi, Y., Masamoto, H., Kotake, Y., & Kinoshita, M. (2019). Heat treatments of ginger root modify but not diminish its antioxidant activity as measured with the MULTIS method. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 65(2), 143–147.
35. Supu, Rahmadona Dewi, Diantini, Aris, & Levita, Jullieta. (2019). Red ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum): Its chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and safety. Fitofarmaka: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 1, 23–29.
36. Vijayaraghavan, K., Rajkumar, J., & Seyed, M. A. (2018). Phytochemical screening, free radical scavenging, and antimicrobial potential of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts against pathogenic bacterium in wound infections–a multispectrum perspective. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 15, 103-112.
37. Viljoen, E., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., & Stewart, A. W. (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting. Nutrition Journal, 13, 20.
38. Yeh, H.-Y., et al. (2014). Bioactive components analysis of two various gingers (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) and antioxidant effect of ginger extracts. LWT - Food Science and Technology, Volume (1), 329–334.
39. Zadeh, J. B., & Kor, N. M. (2014). Physiological and pharmaceutical effects of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) as a valuable medicinal plant. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(1), 87-90.
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Published
Apr 27, 2024
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How to Cite
Hamza Afzaal, Momina Shahid, Nouman Mushtaq, Saira Arshad, Saleha Hameed, Ayesha Aslam, QuratulAin Shahid, & Fatima Abid. (2024). EXPLORING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) OIL AGAINST INFLAMMATORY PROCESS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(4), 1733–1743. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i4.5878
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Author Biographies
Hamza Afzaal
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Momina Shahid
University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
Nouman Mushtaq
University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
Saira Arshad
University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
Saleha Hameed
School of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan
Ayesha Aslam
University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
QuratulAin Shahid
University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
Fatima Abid
University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan