ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SOME TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL FORMULATIONS ACCORDING TO ICH GUIDELINES
Main Article Content
Keywords
Method development, Validation, Antimicrobial formulations, ICH guidelines
Abstract
The development of methods is essential for stability studies, drug testing, manufacturing processes, and long-term drug performance. The International Council for Harmonization offers standards for analytical method validation. Scientists all over the world are creating new techniques for the same with the least amount of time and money spent. Numerous investigations have been conducted in the past to develop methods for applying these topical antimicrobials; however, certain antimicrobials have not been addressed. The focus of this review article is on specific information about the techniques created for different antimicrobials.
References
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3. Gamble R, Dunn J, Dawson A, Petersen B, McLaughlin L, Small A, et al. Topical antimicrobial treatment of acne vulgaris: an evidence-based review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2012;13(3):141-52. doi: 10.2165/11597880-000000000-00000, PMID 22268388.
4. García Rodríguez JA, García Sánchez JE, García García MI, García Sánchez E, Muñoz Bellido JL, Ramos Macías A. Efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin in the treatment of ear infections in adults. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Mar 1;31(3):452-3. doi: 10.1093/jac/31.3.452, PMID 8486586.
5. Vanić Ž, Jøraholmen MW, Škalko-Basnet N. Nanomedicines for the topical treatment of vulvovaginal infections: addressing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Nov 1;178:113855. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113855, PMID 34214638.
6. Lopez L, Berkowitz R, Zlotnik H, Moss M, Weinstein P. Topical antimicrobial therapy in the prevention of early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent. 1999 Jan 1;21(1):9-11. PMID 10029961.
7. Mombelli A, Samaranayake LP. Topical and systemic antibiotics in the management of periodontal diseases. Int Dent J. 2004 Feb;54(1):3-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00246.x, PMID 15005467.
8. Ray P, Singh S, Gupta S. Topical antimicrobial therapy: current status and challenges. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2019 Jul 1;37(3):299-308. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_19_443, PMID 32003326.
9. Paulson DS. Topical antimicrobial testing and evaluation. CRC Press; 1999 Apr 27.
10. Subedi RK, Oh SY, Chun MK, Choi HK. Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Mar;33(3):339-51. doi: 10.1007/s12272-010-0301-7, PMID 20361297.
11. Kesarwani A, Yadav AK, Singh S, Gautam H, Singh HN, Sharma A et al. Theoretical aspects of transdermal drug delivery system. Boll Pharm Res. 2013;3(2):78-89.
12. Veterinary and Oltean MEG: Nica antifungals what they treat, how they work & side effects. 2021;26:156-67.
13. Aziz MA, Fritsche TR, Howard DH, Ibrahim KH, Koeth LM, Low DE et al. Scott II RD. Alliance for the prudent use of antibiotics. 2019;41:28-98.
14. Dehghan Esmatabadi MJ, Bozorgmehr A, Hajjari SN, Sadat Sombolestani A, Malekshahi ZV, Sadeghizadeh M. Review of new insights into antimicrobial agents. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 Feb 28;63(2):40-8. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.2.6, PMID 28364794.
15. Paintsil E, Cheng YC. Antiviral agents. Encyclopedia of microbiology. Vol. 176; 2019.
16. Ianevski A, Ahmad S, Anunnitipat K, Oksenych V, Zusinaite E, Tenson T et al. Seven classes of antiviral agents. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 Dec;79(12):605. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04635-1, PMID 36436108.
17. Kandeel M, Akhtar T, Zaheer T, Ahmad S, Ashraf U, Omar M. Antiparasitic applications of nanoparticles: a review. Pak Vet J. 2022 Apr 1;42(2).
18. Ravisankar P, Navya CN, Pravallika D, Sri DN. A review on step-by-step analytical method validation. IOSR J Pharm. 2015 Oct;5(10):7-19.
19. Iqbal DN, Ashraf A, Iqbal M, Nazir A. Analytical method development and validation of hydrocortisone and clotrimazole in topical dosage form using RP-HPLC. Future J Pharm Sci. 2020 Dec;6:1-7.
20. Joshi S, Majmudar F, Vyas N. Development and validation of analytical method for determination of Micafungin and its related substances in bulk by RP-UPLC. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2016 Mar 1;7(3):1211.
21. Amrutiya N, Madan M, Bajaj A. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of prednicarbate, Mupirocin and ketoconazole in topical dosage forms. J Anal Chem. 2010 Nov;65(11):1148-54. doi: 10.1134/S1061934810110109.
22. Tomal Majumder MR, Roy P, Pramanik R, Hasan MN. Method development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of luliconazole in marketed formulation (Cream). J Pharm Innov J. 2019;85:103-8.
23. Dhudashia K, Patel A, Patel C. Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of clotrimazole and beclomethasone dipropionate in lotion and cream dosage form. Chronicles Young Sci. 2013 Jul 1;4(2):102-. doi: 10.4103/2229-5186.115548.
24. Gaona-Galdos AA, Zanolli Filho LA, Tavares MF, Aurora-Prado MS, Santoro MI, Kedor-Hackmann ER. Development and validation of a method for quantitative determination of econazole nitrate in cream formulation by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A. 2008 May 30;1192(2):301-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.070, PMID 18406411.
25. Goswami N, Gupta VR, Jogia HA. Development and validation of a novel stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of halometasone, fusidic acid, methylparaben, and propylparaben in topical pharmaceutical formulation. Sci Pharm. 2013 Jun;81(2):505-18. doi: 10.3797/scipharm.1301-21, PMID 23833716.
26. Prajapati SR, Nagar AR, Hamrapurkar PD. Analytical method development and validation of Bifonazole and it’s stability study by using sophisticated rp-hplc method.
27. Sonawane S, Chhajed S, Amale M, Patil M, Bhagade P, Bastikar A et al. Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Estimation of sertaconazole nitrate in Bulk and Topical Formulation: application to Chemical Kinetics, Characterization and in silico Toxicity Prediction of its Acid Degradation Product. Anal Chem Lett. 2019 Jan 2;9(1):86-95. doi: 10.1080/22297928.2018.1548945.
28. Rao PS, Rao TS, Sailaja BB, Pallapati S, Jai SG. Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the determination of Pretomanid an antibacterial drug. Res J Pharm Technol. 2023;16(5):2385-92.
29. Krantikumar P, Godasu SK, Raju P, Vuyyala G, Dasari V. A study on method development and validation of drugs used in hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia. J Eng Sci. 2022;13(12).
30. Sanjay SS, Kavalapure R, Palled MS, Alegaon SG. Development and validation of UV-spectrophotometric method for determination of ciprofloxacin and curcumin in bulk powder. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2020;11:1161-6.
31. Khan A, Iqbal Z, Khan MI, Javed K, Khan A, Ahmad L et al. Simultaneous determination of cefdinir and cefixime in human plasma by RP-HPLC/UV detection method: method development, optimization, validation, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Aug 15;879(24):2423-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.040, PMID 21782531.
32. Shaikh KA, Patil SD, Devkhile AB. Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of ambroxol hydrochloride and azithromycin in tablet dosage form. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008 Dec 15;48(5):1481-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.031, PMID 18993009.
33. Kundu P, Pawar N, Minocha N, Poonia A. Analytical method development and validation for determination of Assay of antibacterial drugs Besifloxacin hydrochloride and phenoxyethanol in gel formulation. Anti-Infect Agents. 2023 Aug 1;21(4):13-30.
34. Jadhav AS, Pathare DB, Shingare MS. Development and validation of enantioselective high performance liquid chromatographic method for valacyclovir, an antiviral drug in drug substance. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007 Mar 12;43(4):1568-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.018, PMID 17196355.
35. Nagulancha BR, Lakka NS, Vandavasi KR. Stability‐Indicating Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Estimation of Assay and Organic Impurities of antiviral drug Baloxavir‐Marboxil in Drug Substance and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form using HPLC and LC‐MS Methods. Biomed Chromatogr. 2023 Apr 13;37(8):e5644. doi: 10.1002/bmc.5644, PMID 37052118.
36. Velivela SW, Abbulu KO, Mayasa VI, Pati NI, Yadav GO, Gupta VR. Method development and validation of RP-HPLC Method for famciclovir. Int J Chem Sci. 2016;14(3):1415-24.
37. Nannetti G, Messa L, Celegato M, Pagni S, Basso M, Parisi SG et al. Development and validation of a simple and robust HPLC method with UV detection for quantification of the hepatitis C virus inhibitor daclatasvir in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017 Feb 5;134:275-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.032, PMID 27939848.
38. Akiladevi D, Mounika V. Development and validation of a sensitive bioanalytical method for the estimation of antiviral drugs by lc-ms/ms method. Int J Pharm Res. 2021 Jul 1;13(3):(09752366).
39. Mounika AS, Dhachinamoorhti D, Rao CM. Development and validation of a novel stability indicating rp-hplc method for the estimation of entecavir in tablet formulation. Eur J Biomed. 2017;4(7):176-80.
40. De Paula DD, Martins CA, Bentley MV. Development and validation of HPLC method for imiquimod determination in skin penetration studies. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Dec;22(12):1416-23. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1075, PMID 18655215.
41. Kumar Bandaru SP, Mathrusri Annapurna M. A validated stability indicating RP-UFLC method for the estimation of trifluridine–antiviral drug. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022;15(6):2681-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00448.
42. Ermer J, Miller JH, editors. Method validation in pharmaceutical analysis: A guide to best practice. John Wiley & Sons; 2006 Mar 6.
43. Breaux J, Jones K, Boulas P. Analytical methods development and validation. Pharm Technol. 2003;1:6-13.
44. Kumar V, Bharadwaj R, GG SK. An overview on HPLC method development. Optimization and Validation process for drug analysis, The Pharmaceutical and Chemical [journal]. 2015;2(2):30-40.
45. Prathap B, Rao GH, Devdass G, Dey A, Harikrishnan N. Review on stability indicating HPLC method development. Int J Innov Pharm Res. 2012;3(3):229-37.
46. Sahu PK, Ramisetti NR, Cecchi T, Swain S, Patro CS, Panda J. An overview of experimental designs in HPLC method development and validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal. Jan 5 2018;147:590-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.006, PMID 28579052.
47. Swartz ME, Krull IS. Analytical method development and validation. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC press; 2018.
2. Williamson DA, Carter GP, Howden BP. Current and emerging topical antibacterials and antiseptics: agents, action, and resistance patterns. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017 Jul;30(3):827-60. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00112-16, PMID 28592405.
3. Gamble R, Dunn J, Dawson A, Petersen B, McLaughlin L, Small A, et al. Topical antimicrobial treatment of acne vulgaris: an evidence-based review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2012;13(3):141-52. doi: 10.2165/11597880-000000000-00000, PMID 22268388.
4. García Rodríguez JA, García Sánchez JE, García García MI, García Sánchez E, Muñoz Bellido JL, Ramos Macías A. Efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin in the treatment of ear infections in adults. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Mar 1;31(3):452-3. doi: 10.1093/jac/31.3.452, PMID 8486586.
5. Vanić Ž, Jøraholmen MW, Škalko-Basnet N. Nanomedicines for the topical treatment of vulvovaginal infections: addressing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Nov 1;178:113855. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113855, PMID 34214638.
6. Lopez L, Berkowitz R, Zlotnik H, Moss M, Weinstein P. Topical antimicrobial therapy in the prevention of early childhood caries. Pediatr Dent. 1999 Jan 1;21(1):9-11. PMID 10029961.
7. Mombelli A, Samaranayake LP. Topical and systemic antibiotics in the management of periodontal diseases. Int Dent J. 2004 Feb;54(1):3-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00246.x, PMID 15005467.
8. Ray P, Singh S, Gupta S. Topical antimicrobial therapy: current status and challenges. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2019 Jul 1;37(3):299-308. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_19_443, PMID 32003326.
9. Paulson DS. Topical antimicrobial testing and evaluation. CRC Press; 1999 Apr 27.
10. Subedi RK, Oh SY, Chun MK, Choi HK. Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Mar;33(3):339-51. doi: 10.1007/s12272-010-0301-7, PMID 20361297.
11. Kesarwani A, Yadav AK, Singh S, Gautam H, Singh HN, Sharma A et al. Theoretical aspects of transdermal drug delivery system. Boll Pharm Res. 2013;3(2):78-89.
12. Veterinary and Oltean MEG: Nica antifungals what they treat, how they work & side effects. 2021;26:156-67.
13. Aziz MA, Fritsche TR, Howard DH, Ibrahim KH, Koeth LM, Low DE et al. Scott II RD. Alliance for the prudent use of antibiotics. 2019;41:28-98.
14. Dehghan Esmatabadi MJ, Bozorgmehr A, Hajjari SN, Sadat Sombolestani A, Malekshahi ZV, Sadeghizadeh M. Review of new insights into antimicrobial agents. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 Feb 28;63(2):40-8. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.2.6, PMID 28364794.
15. Paintsil E, Cheng YC. Antiviral agents. Encyclopedia of microbiology. Vol. 176; 2019.
16. Ianevski A, Ahmad S, Anunnitipat K, Oksenych V, Zusinaite E, Tenson T et al. Seven classes of antiviral agents. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 Dec;79(12):605. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04635-1, PMID 36436108.
17. Kandeel M, Akhtar T, Zaheer T, Ahmad S, Ashraf U, Omar M. Antiparasitic applications of nanoparticles: a review. Pak Vet J. 2022 Apr 1;42(2).
18. Ravisankar P, Navya CN, Pravallika D, Sri DN. A review on step-by-step analytical method validation. IOSR J Pharm. 2015 Oct;5(10):7-19.
19. Iqbal DN, Ashraf A, Iqbal M, Nazir A. Analytical method development and validation of hydrocortisone and clotrimazole in topical dosage form using RP-HPLC. Future J Pharm Sci. 2020 Dec;6:1-7.
20. Joshi S, Majmudar F, Vyas N. Development and validation of analytical method for determination of Micafungin and its related substances in bulk by RP-UPLC. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2016 Mar 1;7(3):1211.
21. Amrutiya N, Madan M, Bajaj A. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of prednicarbate, Mupirocin and ketoconazole in topical dosage forms. J Anal Chem. 2010 Nov;65(11):1148-54. doi: 10.1134/S1061934810110109.
22. Tomal Majumder MR, Roy P, Pramanik R, Hasan MN. Method development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of luliconazole in marketed formulation (Cream). J Pharm Innov J. 2019;85:103-8.
23. Dhudashia K, Patel A, Patel C. Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of clotrimazole and beclomethasone dipropionate in lotion and cream dosage form. Chronicles Young Sci. 2013 Jul 1;4(2):102-. doi: 10.4103/2229-5186.115548.
24. Gaona-Galdos AA, Zanolli Filho LA, Tavares MF, Aurora-Prado MS, Santoro MI, Kedor-Hackmann ER. Development and validation of a method for quantitative determination of econazole nitrate in cream formulation by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A. 2008 May 30;1192(2):301-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.070, PMID 18406411.
25. Goswami N, Gupta VR, Jogia HA. Development and validation of a novel stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of halometasone, fusidic acid, methylparaben, and propylparaben in topical pharmaceutical formulation. Sci Pharm. 2013 Jun;81(2):505-18. doi: 10.3797/scipharm.1301-21, PMID 23833716.
26. Prajapati SR, Nagar AR, Hamrapurkar PD. Analytical method development and validation of Bifonazole and it’s stability study by using sophisticated rp-hplc method.
27. Sonawane S, Chhajed S, Amale M, Patil M, Bhagade P, Bastikar A et al. Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Estimation of sertaconazole nitrate in Bulk and Topical Formulation: application to Chemical Kinetics, Characterization and in silico Toxicity Prediction of its Acid Degradation Product. Anal Chem Lett. 2019 Jan 2;9(1):86-95. doi: 10.1080/22297928.2018.1548945.
28. Rao PS, Rao TS, Sailaja BB, Pallapati S, Jai SG. Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the determination of Pretomanid an antibacterial drug. Res J Pharm Technol. 2023;16(5):2385-92.
29. Krantikumar P, Godasu SK, Raju P, Vuyyala G, Dasari V. A study on method development and validation of drugs used in hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia. J Eng Sci. 2022;13(12).
30. Sanjay SS, Kavalapure R, Palled MS, Alegaon SG. Development and validation of UV-spectrophotometric method for determination of ciprofloxacin and curcumin in bulk powder. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2020;11:1161-6.
31. Khan A, Iqbal Z, Khan MI, Javed K, Khan A, Ahmad L et al. Simultaneous determination of cefdinir and cefixime in human plasma by RP-HPLC/UV detection method: method development, optimization, validation, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Aug 15;879(24):2423-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.040, PMID 21782531.
32. Shaikh KA, Patil SD, Devkhile AB. Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of ambroxol hydrochloride and azithromycin in tablet dosage form. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008 Dec 15;48(5):1481-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.031, PMID 18993009.
33. Kundu P, Pawar N, Minocha N, Poonia A. Analytical method development and validation for determination of Assay of antibacterial drugs Besifloxacin hydrochloride and phenoxyethanol in gel formulation. Anti-Infect Agents. 2023 Aug 1;21(4):13-30.
34. Jadhav AS, Pathare DB, Shingare MS. Development and validation of enantioselective high performance liquid chromatographic method for valacyclovir, an antiviral drug in drug substance. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007 Mar 12;43(4):1568-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.018, PMID 17196355.
35. Nagulancha BR, Lakka NS, Vandavasi KR. Stability‐Indicating Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Estimation of Assay and Organic Impurities of antiviral drug Baloxavir‐Marboxil in Drug Substance and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form using HPLC and LC‐MS Methods. Biomed Chromatogr. 2023 Apr 13;37(8):e5644. doi: 10.1002/bmc.5644, PMID 37052118.
36. Velivela SW, Abbulu KO, Mayasa VI, Pati NI, Yadav GO, Gupta VR. Method development and validation of RP-HPLC Method for famciclovir. Int J Chem Sci. 2016;14(3):1415-24.
37. Nannetti G, Messa L, Celegato M, Pagni S, Basso M, Parisi SG et al. Development and validation of a simple and robust HPLC method with UV detection for quantification of the hepatitis C virus inhibitor daclatasvir in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017 Feb 5;134:275-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.032, PMID 27939848.
38. Akiladevi D, Mounika V. Development and validation of a sensitive bioanalytical method for the estimation of antiviral drugs by lc-ms/ms method. Int J Pharm Res. 2021 Jul 1;13(3):(09752366).
39. Mounika AS, Dhachinamoorhti D, Rao CM. Development and validation of a novel stability indicating rp-hplc method for the estimation of entecavir in tablet formulation. Eur J Biomed. 2017;4(7):176-80.
40. De Paula DD, Martins CA, Bentley MV. Development and validation of HPLC method for imiquimod determination in skin penetration studies. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Dec;22(12):1416-23. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1075, PMID 18655215.
41. Kumar Bandaru SP, Mathrusri Annapurna M. A validated stability indicating RP-UFLC method for the estimation of trifluridine–antiviral drug. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022;15(6):2681-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00448.
42. Ermer J, Miller JH, editors. Method validation in pharmaceutical analysis: A guide to best practice. John Wiley & Sons; 2006 Mar 6.
43. Breaux J, Jones K, Boulas P. Analytical methods development and validation. Pharm Technol. 2003;1:6-13.
44. Kumar V, Bharadwaj R, GG SK. An overview on HPLC method development. Optimization and Validation process for drug analysis, The Pharmaceutical and Chemical [journal]. 2015;2(2):30-40.
45. Prathap B, Rao GH, Devdass G, Dey A, Harikrishnan N. Review on stability indicating HPLC method development. Int J Innov Pharm Res. 2012;3(3):229-37.
46. Sahu PK, Ramisetti NR, Cecchi T, Swain S, Patro CS, Panda J. An overview of experimental designs in HPLC method development and validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal. Jan 5 2018;147:590-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.006, PMID 28579052.
47. Swartz ME, Krull IS. Analytical method development and validation. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC press; 2018.
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Oct 16, 2023
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Vijaysinh Ishwar Mohite, Kapil Malviya, Dhananjay Ghodke, & Vishal Gupta. (2023). ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SOME TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL FORMULATIONS ACCORDING TO ICH GUIDELINES. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 1123–1136. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.3978
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Author Biographies
Vijaysinh Ishwar Mohite
Mansarovar Global University, Bhopal (M.P.), India.
Kapil Malviya
Mansarovar Global University, Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dhananjay Ghodke
Delonix society's Baramati College of Pharmacy Barhanpur, Baramati, Dist-Pune, MS, India
Vishal Gupta
Mansarovar Global University, Bhopal (M.P.), India