A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON PATTERN OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AMONG CHILDREN

Abstract

Background and Aim: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital anomaly among children, with over half of CHD-related deaths taking place during the neonatal period. The objective of the current investigation was to analyze the pattern of congenital heart disease among children.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 254 CHD children in the Cardiology Department of Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan - Pakistan from August 2019 to August 2021. Demographic details of each patient included age, consanguinity, and gender were recorded. Other details such as pattern of CHD, presence of complaint and dysmorphic features, syndromes, and associated disorders were noted. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27.

Results: Of the total 254 CHD children, there were 136 (53.5%) male and 118 (47.5%) female. Out of total cases, the incidence of acyanotic and cyanotic CHD was 78.7% (n=200) and 54 (21.3%) respectively. The prevalent acyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) was the isolated ventricular septal defect, accounting for 20.5% (n=41), whereas tetralogy of Fallot, at 22.2% (n=12), stood out as the most frequent cyanotic CHD. The most prevalent presentation was murmur found in 37% (n=94) patients. The incidence of heart failure, audible murmurs, maternal illnesses, consanguinity, prematurity, assisted reproduction, family history of CHD, abortions, and extra-cardiac anomalies are 43.7% (n=111), 72% (n=183), 51.6% (n=131), 46.5% (n=118), 18.9% (n=48), 10.2% (n=26), 8.7% (n=22), 7.1% (n=18), and 4.7% (n=12) respectively.

Conclusion: The present study found that accidental discovery of a murmur was the most common presentation among early-diagnosed children. Down syndrome is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder related to congenital heart disease (CHD).