PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING, ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, AND GC-MS INVESTIGATION OF EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA: EXPLORING ITS POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
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Keywords
Euphorbia heterophylla, Plant-derived compounds, GC-MS study, Antibacterial infections, Antioxidant activity.
Abstract
Background: Euphorbia heterophylla, a popular medicinal plant from the Euphorbiaceae family, was investigated in this study to determine its phytochemical composition, Elementals profile, GC- MS analysis, as well as its antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities.
Purpose: The antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated using the disc diffusion method, while antioxidant activity was assessed through the DPPH assay.
Study Design: Elemental analysis was conducted using atomic absorption spectroscopy. GC-MS analysis was carried on the chloroform extracts of E. heterophylla.
Method: Extracts were prepared using methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, and distilled water as solvents.
Results: The results revealed the presence of various phytochemicals, including alkaloids and carotenoids, across all five extracts. The most abundant Elements identified were K, Ca, and Na. Additionally, the prominent compound 2,4-Di-Tert-Butyle Phenole was identified through GC-MS analysis. Methanolic extracts exhibited the highest brine shrimp cytotoxicity, while the ethyl acetate extract displayed the largest zone of inhibition (24mm) against Escherichia coli. However, all five extracts of E. heterophylla exhibited relatively low antifungal activity, with methanolic extracts demonstrating the highest zone of inhibition (12mm) against Aspergillus fumigatus. Notably, the n-hexane extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, measuring 42.07 ± 0.76 µg/ml. Significant activities was observed.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of E. heterophylla in pharmaceutical industries, as its abundance of essential phytochemicals and resistance against various pathogens make it a valuable candidate for further exploration.
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Azhar Abbas
Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP - Pakistan
Muhammad Sajid
Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP - Pakistan
Hamed Ali Ismail
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy|Texas A&M University, MS 131|1010 West Ave B | Kingsville, Texas 78363
Shahid Ullah Khan
Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University KPK – Pakistan/ Integrative Science Centre of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715 - China.
Safir Ullah Khan
Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027 - China
Umber Zaman
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK - Pakistan
Khalil ur Rehman
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK - Pakistan
Muhammad Naveed
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP – Pakistan.
Mah Noor Ayaz
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP – Pakistan