Anti inflammatory and antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticle using red sandalwood extract
Main Article Content
Keywords
anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, Innovative technique, Pterocarpus santalinus, red sandalwood, Zinc oxide nanoparticle
Abstract
Introduction : Pterocarpus santalinus is valued for its strong, dark-purple, bitter heartwood. The gentle aroma of P. santalinus heartwood is caused by the presence of terpenoids, which gives it its color and fragrance. P. santalinus heartwood dye is used as a light microscopy stain, and as a coloring agent in pharmaceutical preparations. Antibacterial, antimicrobial, and UV-blocking capabilities of ZnO NPs are outstanding compared with other metal oxides. The aim of the study is to analyse the antiinflammatory and antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles using red sandal wood extract.
Materials And Methods: A plant extract sample was taken and 100ml of distilled water was added. Heated at 50°C for 5-10 minutes. The heated solution was filtered. .0.861g of zinc oxide was measured and dissolved in 70 ml of distilled water. The mixture was transferred to extract the sample. The solution was heated and labeled. The heating mantle was used with a temperature of 50-60°C and the time taken was 6-8 minutes. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using spearman correlation analysis and using SPSS software.
Results: The sample shows an increasing absorbance rate and increase in the zone of inhibition with the increase in the concentration of the extract. It also showed an effective antifungal activity against C.albicans. The correlation analysis is statistically significant with p value<0.05.
Conclusion : From the present study, it is concluded that red sandal mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles possess anti-inflammatory and antifungal activity.
References
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33. Girija ASS. Fox3+ CD25+ CD4+ T-regulatory cells may transform the nCoV’s final destiny to CNS! J Med Virol. 2020 Sep 3:2(1):45-48
34. Jayaseelan VP, Ramesh A, Arumugam P. Breast cancer and DDT: putative interactions, associatedgene alterations, and molecular pathways. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(21):27162–73.
35. Arumugam P, George R, Jayaseelan VP. Aberrations of m6A regulators are associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol. 2021 Feb;122:105030.
36. Kumar SP, Girija ASS, Priyadharsini JV. Targeting NM23-H1-mediated inhibition of tumour metastasis in viral hepatitis with bioactive compounds from Ganoderma lucidum: A computational study. pharmaceutical-sciences [Internet]. 2020;82(2).55-59
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38. Priyadharsini JV, Paramasivam A. RNA editors: key regulators of viral response in cancer patients. Epigenomics. 2021 Feb;13(3):165–7.
39. Mathivadani V, Smiline AS, Priyadharsini JV. Targeting Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) with Murraya koengii bio-compounds: An in-silico approach. Acta Virol. 2020;64(1):93–9.
40. Girija As S, Priyadharsini J V, A P. Prevalence of Acb and non-Acb complex in elderly population with urinary tract infection (UTI). Acta Clin Belg. 2021 Apr;76(2):106–12.
41. Anchana SR, Girija SAS, Gunasekaran S, Priyadharsini VJ. Detection of csgA gene in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains and targeting with Ocimum sanctum biocompounds. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 May;24(5):690–8.
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48. Khan ST, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA. Countering drug resistance, infectious diseases, and sepsis using metal and metal oxides nanoparticles: Current status. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2016;146(3):70–83.
49. Vidya. C, Manjunatha. C, Chandraprabha. MN, Rajshekar M, Antony Raj M A. Hazard free green synthesis of ZnO nano-photo-catalyst using Artocarpus Heterophyllus leaf extract for the degradation of Congo red dye in water treatment applications. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2017;5(4):3172–80.
50. Hiremath S, Vidya C, Antonyraj MAL, Chandraprabha MN, Seemashri S, Shetty B, et al. Photocatalytic Degradation Study of Rhodamine-B by Green Synthesized Nano TiO2. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2017;29(1):221–5.
51. Elumalai K, Velmurugan S, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Ashokkumar S. Retraction notice to “Green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2019;206(3):651.
52. Elumalai K, Velmurugan S, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Ashokkumar S. RETRACTED: Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2015;143(2):158–64.
53. Pavani KV, Sunil Kumar N, Sangameswaran BB. Synthesis of Lead Nanoparticles by Aspergillus Species. Polish Journal of Microbiology. 2012;61(1):61–3.
54. Kumar RR, Priyadharsani KP, Thamaraiselvi K. Mycogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the Japanese environmental isolate Aspergillus tamarii. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012;14(5).
55. Saquib Q. Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Applications and Prospects. Springer Nature;
56. Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi W, Bahnemann DW. Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews. 1995;95(1):69–96.
57. Shamsuzzaman, Shamsuzzaman, Mashrai A, Khanam H, Aljawfi RN. Biological synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using C. albicans and studying their catalytic performance in the synthesis ofsteroidal pyrazolines. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2017;10:S1530–6.
58. Jayappa MD, Ramaiah CK, Kumar MAP, Suresh D, Prabhu A, Devasya RP, et al. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the leaf, stem and in vitro grown callus of Mussaenda frondosa L.: characterization and their applications. Applied Nanoscience. 2020;10(8):3057–74.
59. Nagarajan S, Kuppusamy KA. Extracellular synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using seaweeds of gulf of Mannar, India. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2013;11(1):39.
60. Anita S, Ramachandran T, Rajendran R, Koushik CV, Mahalakshmi M. A study of the antimicrobial property of encapsulated copper oxide nanoparticles on cotton fabric. Textile Research Journal. 2011;81(10):1081–8.
61. Gharagozlou M, Baradaran Z, Bayati R. A green chemical method for synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from solid-state decomposition of Schiff-bases derived from amino acid alanine complexes. Ceramics International. 2015;41(7):8382–7.
2. Tan ML, Sulaiman SF, Najimuddin N, Samian MR, Tengku Muhammad TS. Methanolic extract of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. (Cactaceae) induces apoptosis in breast carcinoma, T47-D cell line. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005;96(1-2):287–94.
3. Ramawat KG, Goyal S. The Indian Herbal Drugs Scenario in Global Perspectives. Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants. 2008;325–47.
4. Aluri JSR. Pollination ecology of the Red Sanders Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae), an endemic and endangered tree species. Curr Sci. 2002 Nov 10;83(9):23–8.
5. Bulle S, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Maturu P, Ch VN. Modulatory role of Pterocarpus santalinus against alcohol-induced liver oxidative/nitrosative damage in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2016;83(3):1057–63.
6. Kumar N, Seshadri TR. Triterpenoids of Pterocarpus santalinus: Constitution of a new lupene diol. Phytochemistry. 1975;14(2):521–3.
7. Warakagoda PS, Kumari DLC, Subasinghe S. In vitro shoot tip culture of Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus L.). Proceedings ofInternational Forestry and Environment Symposium. 2013;2(1):28–32.
8. Kumar N, Ravindranath B, Seshadri TR. Terpenoids of Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood. Phytochemistry. 1974;13(3):633–6.
9. Brundha MP. A Comparative Study-The Role of Skin and Nerve Biopsy in Hansen’s Disease. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2015;7(10):837.
10. Harsha L, Brundha MP. Prevalence of Dental Developmental Anomalies among Men and Women and its Psychological Effect in a Given Population. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research; Cuddalore. 2017 Jun 20;9(6):869–73.
11. Modan EM, University of Piteşti, Romania, Plăiașu AG, University of Piteşti, Romania. Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Methods in the Elaboration of Nanomaterials. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science. 2020;43(1):53–60.
12. Timothy CN, Samyuktha PS, Brundha MP. Dental pulp Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine--A Literature Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019;12(8):4052–6.
13. Jiang J, Pi J, Cai J. The Advancing of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications. 2018;2018(3):1–18.
14. Wu D, Chen Z, Cai K, Zhuo D, Chen J, Jiang B. Investigation into the antibacterial activity of monodisperse BSA-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Current Applied Physics. 2014;14(11):1470–5.
15. Rajeshkumar S, Sandhiya D. Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Eco-friendly Method. Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications. 2020;5(2):65–93.
16. Rajeshkumar S, Lakshmi T, Naik P. Recent advances and biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles. 2019;6(2):445–57.
17. Mirzaei H, Darroudi M. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: Biological synthesis and biomedical applications [Internet]. Vol. 43, Ceramics International. 2017. p. 907–14.
18. Zhang Y, Nayak T, Hong H, Cai W. Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials. Current Molecular Medicine. 2013;13(10):1633–45.
19. Agarwal H, Nakara A, Menon S, Shanmugam VK. Microbe-mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Biomedical Applications. Microbial Nanotechnology. 2020;3(2):162–77.
20. Barui AK, Kotcherlakota R, Patra CR. Biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Inorganic Frameworks as Smart Nanomedicines. 2018;8(2):239–78.
21. Ruszkiewicz JA, Pinkas A, Ferrer B, Peres TV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Neurotoxic effect of active ingredients in sunscreen products, a contemporary review. Toxicology Reports. 2017;4(2):245–59.
22. Zhang ZY, Xiong HM. Photoluminescent ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Biological Applications. Materials. 2015;8(6):3101–27.
23. Zhang HJ, Xiong HM. Biological Applications of ZnO Nanoparticles. Current Molecular Imaging. 2013;2(2):177–92.
24. Kim S, Lee SY, Cho HJ. Doxorubicin-Wrapped Zinc Oxide Nanoclusters for the Therapy of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Nanomaterials. 2017;7(11):354.
25. Kim S, Lee SY, Cho HJ. Berberine and zinc oxide-based nanoparticles for the chemo-photothermal therapy of lung adenocarcinoma. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2018;501(3):765–70.
26. Xiong HM. ZnO Nanoparticles Applied to Bioimaging and Drug Delivery. Advanced Materials. 2013;25(37):5329–35.
27. Xiong HM. ChemInform Abstract: ZnO Nanoparticles Applied to Bioimaging and Drug Delivery. ChemInform. 2013;44(49):82-86.
28. Anita R, Paramasivam A, Priyadharsini JV, Chitra S. The m6A readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 aberrations associated with metastasis and predict poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res. 2020 Aug 1;10(8):2546–54.
29. Jayaseelan VP, Paramasivam A. Emerging role of NET inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Hypertens Res. 2020 Dec;43(12):1459–61.
30. Sivakumar S, Smiline Girija AS, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid and gallic acid on tetR and tetM efflux pumps mediating tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus sp., using computational approach. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2020 Jan 1;32(1):904–9.
31. Smiline Girija AS. Delineating the Immuno-Dominant Antigenic Vaccine Peptides Against gacS-Sensor Kinase in Acinetobacter baumannii: An in silico Investigational Approach. Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 8;11:2078.
32. Iswarya Jaisankar A, Smiline Girija AS, Gunasekaran S, Vijayashree Priyadharsini J. Molecular characterisation of csgA gene among ESBL strains of A. baumannii and targeting with essential oil compounds from Azadirachta indica. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2020 Dec 1;32(8):3380–7.
33. Girija ASS. Fox3+ CD25+ CD4+ T-regulatory cells may transform the nCoV’s final destiny to CNS! J Med Virol. 2020 Sep 3:2(1):45-48
34. Jayaseelan VP, Ramesh A, Arumugam P. Breast cancer and DDT: putative interactions, associatedgene alterations, and molecular pathways. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(21):27162–73.
35. Arumugam P, George R, Jayaseelan VP. Aberrations of m6A regulators are associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol. 2021 Feb;122:105030.
36. Kumar SP, Girija ASS, Priyadharsini JV. Targeting NM23-H1-mediated inhibition of tumour metastasis in viral hepatitis with bioactive compounds from Ganoderma lucidum: A computational study. pharmaceutical-sciences [Internet]. 2020;82(2).55-59
37. Girija SA, Priyadharsini JV, Paramasivam A. Prevalence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing OXA-type β-lactamases among Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with severe urinary tract infection. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2019 Dec 9;67(1):49–55.
38. Priyadharsini JV, Paramasivam A. RNA editors: key regulators of viral response in cancer patients. Epigenomics. 2021 Feb;13(3):165–7.
39. Mathivadani V, Smiline AS, Priyadharsini JV. Targeting Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) with Murraya koengii bio-compounds: An in-silico approach. Acta Virol. 2020;64(1):93–9.
40. Girija As S, Priyadharsini J V, A P. Prevalence of Acb and non-Acb complex in elderly population with urinary tract infection (UTI). Acta Clin Belg. 2021 Apr;76(2):106–12.
41. Anchana SR, Girija SAS, Gunasekaran S, Priyadharsini VJ. Detection of csgA gene in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains and targeting with Ocimum sanctum biocompounds. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 May;24(5):690–8.
42. Girija ASS, Shoba G, Priyadharsini JV. Accessing the T-Cell and B-Cell Immuno-Dominant Peptides from A.baumannii Biofilm Associated Protein (bap) as Vaccine Candidates: A Computational Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2021 Mar 1;27(1):37–45.
43. Arvind P TR, Jain RK. Skeletally anchored forsus fatigue resistant device for correction of Class II malocclusions-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021 Feb;24(1):52–61.
44. Venugopal A, Vaid N, Bowman SJ. Outstanding, yet redundant? After all, you may be another Choluteca Bridge! Semin Orthod. 2021 Mar 1;27(1):53–6.
45. Ramadurai N, Gurunathan D, Samuel AV, Subramanian E, Rodrigues SJL. Effectiveness of 2% Articaine as an anesthetic agent in children: randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Sep;23(9):3543–50.
46. Varghese SS, Ramesh A, Veeraiyan DN. Blended Module-Based Teaching in Biostatistics and Research Methodology: A Retrospective Study with Postgraduate Dental Students. J Dent Educ. 2019 Apr;83(4):445–50.
47. Mathew MG, Samuel SR, Soni AJ, Roopa KB. Evaluation of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans, plaque accumulation on zirconia and stainless steel crowns, and surrounding gingival inflammation in primary molars: randomized controlled trial [Internet]. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2020 Dec;2(2). p. 3275–80.
48. Khan ST, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA. Countering drug resistance, infectious diseases, and sepsis using metal and metal oxides nanoparticles: Current status. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2016;146(3):70–83.
49. Vidya. C, Manjunatha. C, Chandraprabha. MN, Rajshekar M, Antony Raj M A. Hazard free green synthesis of ZnO nano-photo-catalyst using Artocarpus Heterophyllus leaf extract for the degradation of Congo red dye in water treatment applications. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2017;5(4):3172–80.
50. Hiremath S, Vidya C, Antonyraj MAL, Chandraprabha MN, Seemashri S, Shetty B, et al. Photocatalytic Degradation Study of Rhodamine-B by Green Synthesized Nano TiO2. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2017;29(1):221–5.
51. Elumalai K, Velmurugan S, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Ashokkumar S. Retraction notice to “Green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity” Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2019;206(3):651.
52. Elumalai K, Velmurugan S, Ravi S, Kathiravan V, Ashokkumar S. RETRACTED: Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2015;143(2):158–64.
53. Pavani KV, Sunil Kumar N, Sangameswaran BB. Synthesis of Lead Nanoparticles by Aspergillus Species. Polish Journal of Microbiology. 2012;61(1):61–3.
54. Kumar RR, Priyadharsani KP, Thamaraiselvi K. Mycogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the Japanese environmental isolate Aspergillus tamarii. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012;14(5).
55. Saquib Q. Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Applications and Prospects. Springer Nature;
56. Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi W, Bahnemann DW. Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews. 1995;95(1):69–96.
57. Shamsuzzaman, Shamsuzzaman, Mashrai A, Khanam H, Aljawfi RN. Biological synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using C. albicans and studying their catalytic performance in the synthesis ofsteroidal pyrazolines. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2017;10:S1530–6.
58. Jayappa MD, Ramaiah CK, Kumar MAP, Suresh D, Prabhu A, Devasya RP, et al. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the leaf, stem and in vitro grown callus of Mussaenda frondosa L.: characterization and their applications. Applied Nanoscience. 2020;10(8):3057–74.
59. Nagarajan S, Kuppusamy KA. Extracellular synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using seaweeds of gulf of Mannar, India. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2013;11(1):39.
60. Anita S, Ramachandran T, Rajendran R, Koushik CV, Mahalakshmi M. A study of the antimicrobial property of encapsulated copper oxide nanoparticles on cotton fabric. Textile Research Journal. 2011;81(10):1081–8.
61. Gharagozlou M, Baradaran Z, Bayati R. A green chemical method for synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from solid-state decomposition of Schiff-bases derived from amino acid alanine complexes. Ceramics International. 2015;41(7):8382–7.
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Apr 11, 2023
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Ashna Yuvaraj, R Priyadharshini, Rajesh Kumar, & Palati Sinduja. (2023). Anti inflammatory and antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticle using red sandalwood extract. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(6), 172–182. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.06.023
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