FACTORS INFLUENCING BLOOD SUGAR MANAGEMENT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES: A LONG-TERM COHORT ANALYSIS
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Keywords
Type 1 diabetes, glycemic control, insulin therapy, psychosocial support, cohort study, Pakistan.
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires lifelong insulin therapy and self-management. Glycemic control remains suboptimal in many patients due to various clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial factors.
Objective: To determine and examine important aspects that affect long-term management of blood sugar by those who have T1D, utilising a hospital-based sample in Pakistan.
Material and Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study done at Khyber Medical College Peshawar and Akhter Saeed Medical College Lahore from November, 2024 and April, 2025. There were 210 confirmed T1D patients recruited. Information regarding insulin therapy, behavioural lifestyle and psychosocial issues was obtained. The outcome measure was HbA1c levels of glycemic control.
Results: Better HbA1c outcomes were greatly associated with the use of insulin pump therapy, adequate physical exercise, adherence and proper diet, as well as carefully arranged support systems. Individuals who experienced distress in association with diabetes also experienced decreased glycemic control.
Conclusion: Effective blood sugar management in T1D depends on individualized therapy, lifestyle modification, and psychosocial support. Integrating these into care plans may improve long-term outcomes.
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Abbas Khan
Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan
Sundas Israr
M. Phil Scholar, Department Of Pharmacy, University Of Peshawar, Pakistan
Zaib Zahid
Assistant Professor, Medicine Unit 1, Akhter Saeed Medical College Lahore
Niaz Ahmed
Professor, Department Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari Karachi And Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital Karachi, Pakistan
Dial Das
Associate Professor, Department Of Pharmacology, Chandka Medical College, Larkana Sindh, Pakistan
Sajjad Ul Hasan
Assistant Professor, Department Of Community Medicine, Amna Inayat Medical College, Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan