CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Rosmarinus officinalis, Bioactive compounds, Antioxidants, Nutritional profile, Medicinal plant
Abstract
Herbal plants contain a diverse array of bioactive compounds with medicinal properties and have been widely used for the treatment of various health issues for decades. Rosmarinus officinalis is a well-known medicinal plant commonly employed to treat different health conditions and enhance memory. In present study rosemary was analyzed for its compositional, physicochemical, and phytochemical properties. Proximate composition analysis revealed the following values: moisture content (9.54±0.7%), ash content (7.37±0.3%), crude fiber content (19.38±0.77%), crude fat content (14.99±0.44%), crude protein content (5.23±0.26%), and nitrogen free content as (43.47±1.75%). Among the minerals rosemary contains Potassium (1669.71±2.09 mg/100g), Calcium (1073.14±2.93 mg/100g), Magnesium (39.98±0.49 mg/100g), Phosphorous (457.72±2.45 mg/100g), Iron (36.01±0.05 mg/100g) and Sodium (81.79±1.08 mg/100g). Furthermore, ethanolic extract exhibited highest value of total phenolic content (242.58±2.98 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (296.95±2.04 µg CE/g) and DPPH assay (78.04±2.33%) as compared to aqueous and methanolic extracts. These results strongly suggest the nutritional and pharmacological potential of rosemary, supporting its use in both therapeutic and nutritional formulations.
References
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2. Ancuţa, S.S., Tofana, M., Socaciu, C., Varban, D. and Semeniuc, C. 2008. Preliminary study on rosemary essential oil. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies. 14:128–132.
3. Anjum, N., Masih, D., Sheikh, M.A. and Rahman, R. 2021. Extraction of natural food color from Celosia cristata using orbital shaking apparatus. Journal of Post-Harvest Technology. 9:91–99.
4. AOAC. 2019. Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. In: Horwitz, W. (Ed.), 21st ed. AOAC Press, Arlington, VA, USA.
5. Arslan, D. and Özcan, M.M. 2008. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineral content and colour characteristics of rosemary leaves. Energy Conversion and Management. 49:1258–1264.
6. Attia, F.M. 2018. Effects of dietary rosemary leaves and black seed on broiler performance. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 38:465–481.
7. Ayub, M.A., Hussain, A.I., Hanif, M.A., Chatha, S.A.S., Kamal, G.M., Shahid, M. and Janneh, O. 2017. Variation in phenolic profile, β‐carotene and flavonoid contents, biological activities of two Tagetes species from Pakistani flora. Chemistry and Biodiversity. 14:1600463.
8. Begum, A., Sandhya, S., Vinod, K.R., Reddy, S. and Banji, D. 2013. An in-depth review on the medicinal flora Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria. 12:61–73.
9. Borges, R.S., Ortiz, B.L.S., Pereira, A.C.M., Keita, H. and Carvalho, J.C.T. 2019. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: A review of its phytochemistry, anti-inflammatory activity, and mechanisms of action involved. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 229:29–45.
10. Chan, E.W.C., Kong, L.Q., Yee, K.Y., Chua, W.Y. and Loo, T.Y. 2012. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of some fresh and dried Labiatae herbs. Free Radical and Antioxidants. 2:20–27.
11. Elnaggar, A.S. 2016. Productive, physiological and immunological effect of rosemary leaves meal (Rosmarinus officinalis) supplementing to broiler diet. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal. 36:859–873.
12. Ganogpichayagrai, A. and Suksaard, C. 2020. Proximate composition, vitamin and mineral composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer activity of Acanthopanax trifoliatus. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research. 11:179–187.
13. Hamidpour, R., Hamidpour, S. and Elias, G. 2017. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary): A novel therapeutic agent for antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity treatment. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research. 1:1–6.
14. Hanson, J.R. 2016. Rosemary, the beneficial chemistry of a garden herb. Science Progress. 99:83–91.
15. Jalloul, A.B., Ayadi, N., Klai, A. and Abderrabba, M. 2022. Functionalization of pasteurized milk using rosemary, thyme, and Ammoides aqueous extracts for better microbial quality and an improved antioxidant activity. Molecules. 27:3725.
16. Macedo, L.M., Santos, É.M.D., Militão, L., Tundisi, L.L., Ataide, J.A., Souto, E.B. and Mazzola, P.G. 2020. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) and its topical applications: A review. Plants. 9:651–656.
17. Muzolf-Panek, M. and Stuper-Szablewska, K. 2021. Comprehensive study on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic profiles of black seed and other spices and herbs: Effect of solvent and time of extraction. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 15:4561–4574.
18. Naseem, Z., Zahid, M., Hanif, M.A. and Shahid, M. 2020. Environmentally friendly extraction of bioactive compounds from Mentha arvensis using deep eutectic solvent as green extraction media. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 29:3749–3757.
19. Naz, S., Hanif, M.A., Bhatti, H.N. and Shahid, M. 2016. Partition, fractionation, antioxidant potential and phenolics profiling of Cannabis sativa growing in Pakistan. Oxidation Communications. 39:2946–2960.
20. Pintore, G., Usai, M., Bradesi, P., Juliano, C., Boatto, G., Tomi, F., Chessa, M., Cerri, R. and Casanova, J. 2002. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. oils from Sardinia and Corsica. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 17:15–19.
21. Rahbardar, M.G. and Hosseinzadeh, H. 2020. Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 23:1100.
22. Rehman, F., Adeel, S., Shahid, M., Bhatti, I.A., Nasir, F., Akhtar, N. and Ahmad, Z. 2013. Dyeing of γ-irradiated cotton with natural flavonoid dye extracted from irradiated onion shells (Allium cepa) powder. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 92:71–75.
23. Saini, A., Pandey, A., Sharma, S., Suradkar, U.S., Ambedkar, Y.R., Meena, P., Raman, R. and Gurjar, A.S. 2020. Assessment of antioxidant activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 9:14–17.
24. Salamatullah, A.M., Hayat, K., Arzoo, S., Alzahrani, A., Ahmed, M.A., Yehia, H.M., Alsulami, T., Al-Badr, N., Al-Zaied, B.A.M. and Althbiti, M.M. 2021. Boiling technique-based food processing effects on the bioactive and antimicrobial properties of basil and rosemary. Molecules. 26:7373.
25. Shahid, C.S.A., Hussain, A.I., Asad, R., Majeed, M. and Aslam, N. 2014. Bioactive components and antioxidant properties of Terminalia arjuna L. International Journal of Food Processing. 5:294–298.
26. Shankar, A., Ali, A., Abdullah, H.M., Balaji, J., Kaur, J., Saeed, F. and Islam, F. 2024. Nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, therapeutic potentials, and food applications of rosemary: A comprehensive review. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 106688.
27. Sharif, S., Rashid, S., Atta, A., Irshad, A., Riaz, M., Shahid, M. and Mustafa, G. 2018. Phenolics, tocopherols and fatty acid profiling of wild and commercial mushrooms from Pakistan. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. 32:863–867.
28. Sharma, A. and Dhuria, R.K. 2021. A nutritional evaluation of rosemary leaf powder and black cumin seed powder as phytogenic feed additives. Journal of Pharmacological Innovation. 10:983–985.
29. Ulbricht, C., Abrams, T.R., Brigham, A., Ceurvels, J., Clubb, J., Curtiss, W., Kirkwood, C.D., Giese, N., Hoehn, K., Iovin, R. and Isaac, R. 2010. An evidence-based systematic review of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Journal of Dietary Supplements. 7:351–413.
30. Wanga, Y.Z., Fu, S.G., Wang, S.Y., Yang, D.J., Wu, Y.H.S. and Chen, Y.C. 2018. Effects of a natural antioxidant, polyphenol-rich rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract, on lipid stability of plant-derived omega-3 fatty-acid rich oil. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 89:210–216.
31. Xie, J., VanAlstyne, P., Uhlir, A. and Yang, X. 2017. A review on rosemary as a natural antioxidation solution. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 119:1–10.
32. Zeroual, A., Sakar, E.H., Ibourki, M., Bijla, L., Ainane, A., Mahjoubi, F., Chaouch, M., Gharby, S., Chaqroune, A. and Ainane, T. 2021. Phytochemical screening and mineral profiling of wild and cultivated rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from Taounate region (northern Morocco). Pharmacology Online. 2:576–582.
33. Zheng, Q., Li, W., Lv, Z. and Fan, J. 2019. Study on extraction method of rosemary antioxidant. Environmental and Earth Sciences. 300:052013.
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Aug 25, 2024
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Aqsa Farooq, Qamar Abbas Syed, Muhammad Saeed, & Beenish Israr. (2024). CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 3754-3762. https://doi.org/10.53555/d9knma53
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Author Biographies
Aqsa Farooq
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Qamar Abbas Syed
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Saeed
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Beenish Israr
Institute of Home Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
How to Cite
Aqsa Farooq, Qamar Abbas Syed, Muhammad Saeed, & Beenish Israr. (2024). CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 3754-3762. https://doi.org/10.53555/d9knma53