GENOMICS-ASSISTED BREEDING IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) AND GENERATION OF ADVANCE LINES WITH EXCELLENT SEED COTTON YIELD POTENTIAL UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
Main Article Content
Keywords
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Abstract
Key message This study found that there was excellent success in pyramiding multiple genetic and genomics sources of climate resilience in advance cotton lines by incorporating the genomics-assisted breeding approach and the developed advance lines showed excellent seed cotton yield under climate change conditions.
Climate change, characterized by uncertain weather conditions, has resulted in drastic decrease in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in major cotton producing countries of the world, including Pakistan. The present research project was designed to develop cotton advance lines with excellent performance potential under climate change conditions by incorporating a genomics-assisted breeding approach. A comprehensive cotton germplasm consisting of forty accessions was evaluated to select suitable parents for crossing purposes. The progenies in the successive generations were evaluated on the basis of morphological, biochemical, seed cotton yield and molecular (presence of desirable band of KCS6 gene and simple sequence repeat markers, NAU2083, NAU2540, NAU3901). Two elite cotton lines, SI-1 and SI-2, were developed. In terms of seed cotton yield per plant, SI-1 showed an increase of 61% and 87% to the commercial check in 2021 and 2022, respectively; and SI-2 manifested an increase of 51% and 82% to the commercial check during 2021 and 2022, respectively. These results indicated that genomics-assisted breeding approach had promising success in developing elite cotton lines with excellent yield potential under climate change conditions, and, thus, it should be incorporated as a routine tool in breeding programs for rapid development of elite crop cultivars in view of climatic uncertainty.
References
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13. Khoudi H (2023) SHINE clade of ERF transcription factors: A significant player in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 195:77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.030
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17. Li F (2019) Towards improving drought resistance and lodging resistance in cotton. J Cotton Res 2:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-019-0039-9
18. Mahmood S, Irfan M, Raheel F, Hussain A (2006) Characterization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties for growth and productivity traits under water deficit conditions. Int J Agric Biol 8:796-800. https://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/88272_..pdf
19. Millar AA, Kunst L (1997) Very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis is controlled through the expression and specificity of the condensing enzyme. Plant J 12:121–131. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.12010121.x
20. Mondal S (2011) Defining the molecular and physiological role of leaf cuticular waxes in reproductive stage heat tolerance in wheat. PhD dissertation, Texas A& M University.
21. Osborne S, Banks J, Wallace E, Stehr W (2006) The effects of water stress during bloom on lint yield, fiber quality and price. Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonio, Texas. pp. 1679-1780.
22. Pan L, Yang Z, Wang J, Wang P, Ma X, Zhou M, Li J, Gang N, Feng G, Zhao J, Zhang X (2017) Comparative proteomic analyses reveal the proteome response to short-term drought in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). PLoS One 12(9):e0184289. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184289
23. Parida AK, Dagaonkar VS, Phalak MS, Aurangabadkar LP (2008) Differential responses of the enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation in drought tolerant and sensitive cotton genotypes during drought stress and recovery. Acta Physiol Plant 30:619–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-008-0157-3
24. Pettigrew WT (2004) Moisture deficit effects on cotton lint yield, yield components, and boll distribution. Agron J 96(2):377-383. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.3770
25. Pettigrew WT (2008) The effect of higher temperatures on cotton lint yield production and fiber quality. Crop Sci 48:278-285. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0261
26. Rahman T, Shao M, Pahari S, Venglat P, Soolanayakanahally R, Qiu X, Rahman A, Tanino K (2021) Dissecting the roles of cuticular wax in plant resistance to shoot dehydration and low-temperature stress in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 22(4):1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041554
27. Reddy AR, Chaitanya KV, Vivekanandan M (2004) Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Plant Physiol 161:1189–1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.013
28. Saeed M, Guo W, Ullah I, Tabbasam N, Zafar Y, Rahman M, Zhang T (2011) QTL mapping for physiology, yield and plant architecture traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown under well-watered versus water-stress conditions. Electron J Biotechnol 14(3):3. doi: https://doi.org/10.2225/vol14-issue3-fulltext-3
29. Saeed M, Guo W, Zhang T (2014) Association mapping for salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm from US and diverse regions of China. Aust J Crop Sci 8 (3):338-346. https://www.cropj.com/muhammad_8_3_2014_338_346.pdf
30. Saeed M, Naeem M, Javed A, Perveen S, Sajjad I, Yousaf MZ, Chohan MSM, Riaz M, Ullah S, Song XL (2024) Characterization of water-deficit tolerance in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) assessing morphological, biochemical, molecular and yield attributes. Acta Physiol Plant 46:13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-023-03641-5
31. Saeed M, Xianliang S, Xuezhen S, Riaz M (2018) Leaf cuticular wax content is involved in cotton leaf curl virus disease resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16(4):e0705. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018164-13085
32. Samuels L, Kunst L, Jetter R (2008) Sealing plant surfaces: cuticular wax formation by epidermal cells. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:683-707. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.103006.093219
33. Schuster A, Burghardt M, Alfarhan A, Bueno A, Hedrich R, Leide J, Thomas J, Riederer M (2016) Effectiveness of cuticular transpiration barriers in a desert plant at controlling water loss at high temperatures. AoB Plants 8:plw027. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw027
34. Shepherd T, Griffiths WD (2006) The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes. New Phytol 171:469–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01826.x
35. Sultana R, Choudhary AK, Pal AK, Saxena KB, Prasad BD, Singh RG (2014) Abiotic stresses in major pulses: current status and strategies, in: Gaur RK, Sharma P (Eds.), Approaches to Plant Stress and Their Management, Springer, New Delhi, India. pp.173–190.
36. Trivedi P, Nguyen N, Hykkerud AL, Häggman H, Martinussen I, Jaakola L, Karppinen K (2019) Developmental and environmental regulation of cuticular wax biosynthesis in fleshy fruits. Front Plant Sci 10:431. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00431
37. Ullah A, Sun H,Yang X, Zhang X (2017) Drought coping strategies in cotton: increased crop per drop. Plant Biotechnol J 15(3):271-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12688
38. Wahid A, Rasul E, Rao RA, Iqbal RM (2005) Photosynthesis in leaf, stem, flower and fruit. In: Handbook of Photosynthesis; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2005; pp. 479–497.
39. Wang CY, Isoda A, Li MS, Wang DL (2007) Growth and eco- physiological performance of cotton under water stress conditions. Agric Sci China 6:949–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(07)60133-3
40. Wu S, Hu C, Tan Q, Li L, Shi K, Zheng Y, Sun X (2015) Drought stress tolerance mediated by zinc-induced antioxidative defense and osmotic adjustment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Acta Physiol Plant 37:167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-1919-3
41. Xue D, Zhang X, Lu X, Chen G, Chen ZH (2017) Molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of cuticular wax for plant drought tolerance. Front Plant Sci 8:621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00621
42. Yan W, Du M, Zhao W, Li F, Wang X, Eneji AE, Yang F, Huang J, Meng L, Qi H, et al. (2019) Relationships between plant architecture traits and cotton yield within the plant height range of 80–120 cm desired for mechanical harvesting in the yellow river valley of China. Agronomy 9(10):587. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100587
43. Yang H, Zhang D, Li X, Li H, Zhang D, Lan H, Wood AJ, Wang J (2016) Overexpression of ScALDH21 gene in cotton improves drought tolerance and growth in greenhouse and field conditions. Mol Breeding 36:34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0422-2
44. Yeats TH, Rose JKC (2013) The formation and function of plant cuticles. Plant Physiol 163:5-20. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.222737
45. Zahid KR, Ali F, Shah F, Younas M, Shah T, Shahwar D, Hassan W, Ahmad Z, Qi C, Lu Y, Iqbal A, Wu W (2016) Response and tolerance mechanism of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. to elevated temperature stress: A review. Front Plant Sci 7:937. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00937
46. Zahid Z, Khan MKR, Hameed A, Akhtar M, Ditta A, Hassan HM, Farid G (2021) Dissection of drought tolerance in upland cotton through morpho-physiological and biochemical traits at seedling stage. Front Plant Sci 12:627107. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.627107
47. Zeisler V, Schreiber L (2016) Epicuticular wax on cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) leaves does not constitute the cuticular transpiration barrier. Planta 243:65-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2397-y
48. Zeisler-Diehl V, Müller Y, Schreiber L. Epicuticular wax on leaf cuticles does not establish the transpiration barrier, which is essentially formed by intracuticular wax. J Plant Physiol 227:66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.018
2. Baytar AA, Peynircioğlu C, Sezener V, Basal H, Frary A, Frary A, Doğanlar S (2018) Identification of stable QTLs for fiber quality and plant structure in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) under drought stress. Ind Crops Prod 124:776–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.054
3. Bernard A, Joubès J (2013) Arabidopsis cuticular waxes: Advances in synthesis, export and regulation. Prog in Lipid Res 52:110–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2012.10.002
4. Choudhary AK, Sultana R, Vales MI, Saxena KB, Kumar RR, Kumar PR (2018) Integrated physiological and molecular approaches to improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in two pulse crops of the semi-arid tropics. Crop J 6:99-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2017.11.002
5. Farooq A, Shakeel A, Saeed A, Farooq J, Rizwan M, Chattha WS, Sarwar G, Ramzan Y (2023) Genetic variability predicting breeding potential of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for high temperature tolerance. J Cotton Res 6:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-023-00144-z
6. Garrido A, Conde A, Serôdio J, De Vos RCH, Cunha A (2023) Fruit Photosynthesis: More to Know about Where, How and Why. Plants 12(13):2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132393
7. Guo J, Xu W, Yu X, Shen H, Li H, Cheng D, Liu A, Liu J, Liu C, Zhao S, Song J (2016) Cuticular wax accumulation is associated with drought tolerance in wheat near-isogenic lines. Front Plant Sci 7:1809. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01809
8. Guo W, Wu Q, Yang L, Hu W, Liu D, Liu Y (2020) Ectopic expression of CsKCS6 from navel orange promotes the production of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and increases the abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 11:564656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.564656
9. Huang H, Ayaz A, Zheng M, Yang X, Zaman W, Zhao H, Lü S (2022) ArabidopsisKCS5 and KCS6 play redundant roles in wax synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 23(8):4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084450
10. Huang H, Yang X, Zheng M, Chen Z, Yang Z, Wu P, Jenks MA, Wang G, Feng T, Liu L, Yang P, Lü S, Zhao H (2023) An ancestral role for 3-KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE3 as a negative regulator of plant cuticular wax synthesis. Plant Cell 35(6):2251-2270. https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koad051
11. Joubès J, Raffaele S, Bourdenx B, Garcia C, Laroche-Traineau J, Moreau P, Domergue F, Lessire R (2008) The VLCFA elongase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana: phylogenetic analysis, 3D modelling and expression profiling. Plant Mol Biol 67:547–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-008-9339-z
12. Karademir C, Karademir E, Ekinci R, Gencer O (2009) Correlations and path coefficient analysis between leaf chlorophyll content yield and yield components in cotton (G. hirsutum L.) under drought stress conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 37(2):241-244. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha3723146
13. Khoudi H (2023) SHINE clade of ERF transcription factors: A significant player in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 195:77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.030
14. Kumar R, Mishra SK, Singh K, Al-Ashkar I, Iqbal MA, Muzamil MN, Habib Ur Rahman M, El Sabagh A (2023) Impact analysis of moisture stress on growth and yield of cotton using DSSAT-CROPGRO-cotton model under semi-arid climate. PeerJ 11:e16329. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16329
15. Lee SB, Suh MC (2015) Advances in the understanding of cuticular waxes in Arabidopsis thaliana and crop species. Plant Cell Rep 34(4):557–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1772-2
16. Lessire R, Domergue F, Spinner C, Lucet-Levannier K, Lellouche J-P, Mioskowski C, Cassagne C (1998) Dehydration of 3-hydroxy icosanoyl-CoA and reduction of (E) 2,3 icosenoyl-CoA are required for elongation by leek microsomal elongase(s). Plant Physiol Biochem 36:205–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0981-9428(97)86877-5
17. Li F (2019) Towards improving drought resistance and lodging resistance in cotton. J Cotton Res 2:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-019-0039-9
18. Mahmood S, Irfan M, Raheel F, Hussain A (2006) Characterization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties for growth and productivity traits under water deficit conditions. Int J Agric Biol 8:796-800. https://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/88272_..pdf
19. Millar AA, Kunst L (1997) Very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis is controlled through the expression and specificity of the condensing enzyme. Plant J 12:121–131. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.12010121.x
20. Mondal S (2011) Defining the molecular and physiological role of leaf cuticular waxes in reproductive stage heat tolerance in wheat. PhD dissertation, Texas A& M University.
21. Osborne S, Banks J, Wallace E, Stehr W (2006) The effects of water stress during bloom on lint yield, fiber quality and price. Beltwide Cotton Conferences, San Antonio, Texas. pp. 1679-1780.
22. Pan L, Yang Z, Wang J, Wang P, Ma X, Zhou M, Li J, Gang N, Feng G, Zhao J, Zhang X (2017) Comparative proteomic analyses reveal the proteome response to short-term drought in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). PLoS One 12(9):e0184289. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184289
23. Parida AK, Dagaonkar VS, Phalak MS, Aurangabadkar LP (2008) Differential responses of the enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation in drought tolerant and sensitive cotton genotypes during drought stress and recovery. Acta Physiol Plant 30:619–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-008-0157-3
24. Pettigrew WT (2004) Moisture deficit effects on cotton lint yield, yield components, and boll distribution. Agron J 96(2):377-383. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.3770
25. Pettigrew WT (2008) The effect of higher temperatures on cotton lint yield production and fiber quality. Crop Sci 48:278-285. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0261
26. Rahman T, Shao M, Pahari S, Venglat P, Soolanayakanahally R, Qiu X, Rahman A, Tanino K (2021) Dissecting the roles of cuticular wax in plant resistance to shoot dehydration and low-temperature stress in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 22(4):1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041554
27. Reddy AR, Chaitanya KV, Vivekanandan M (2004) Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Plant Physiol 161:1189–1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.013
28. Saeed M, Guo W, Ullah I, Tabbasam N, Zafar Y, Rahman M, Zhang T (2011) QTL mapping for physiology, yield and plant architecture traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown under well-watered versus water-stress conditions. Electron J Biotechnol 14(3):3. doi: https://doi.org/10.2225/vol14-issue3-fulltext-3
29. Saeed M, Guo W, Zhang T (2014) Association mapping for salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm from US and diverse regions of China. Aust J Crop Sci 8 (3):338-346. https://www.cropj.com/muhammad_8_3_2014_338_346.pdf
30. Saeed M, Naeem M, Javed A, Perveen S, Sajjad I, Yousaf MZ, Chohan MSM, Riaz M, Ullah S, Song XL (2024) Characterization of water-deficit tolerance in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) assessing morphological, biochemical, molecular and yield attributes. Acta Physiol Plant 46:13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-023-03641-5
31. Saeed M, Xianliang S, Xuezhen S, Riaz M (2018) Leaf cuticular wax content is involved in cotton leaf curl virus disease resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16(4):e0705. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018164-13085
32. Samuels L, Kunst L, Jetter R (2008) Sealing plant surfaces: cuticular wax formation by epidermal cells. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:683-707. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.103006.093219
33. Schuster A, Burghardt M, Alfarhan A, Bueno A, Hedrich R, Leide J, Thomas J, Riederer M (2016) Effectiveness of cuticular transpiration barriers in a desert plant at controlling water loss at high temperatures. AoB Plants 8:plw027. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw027
34. Shepherd T, Griffiths WD (2006) The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes. New Phytol 171:469–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01826.x
35. Sultana R, Choudhary AK, Pal AK, Saxena KB, Prasad BD, Singh RG (2014) Abiotic stresses in major pulses: current status and strategies, in: Gaur RK, Sharma P (Eds.), Approaches to Plant Stress and Their Management, Springer, New Delhi, India. pp.173–190.
36. Trivedi P, Nguyen N, Hykkerud AL, Häggman H, Martinussen I, Jaakola L, Karppinen K (2019) Developmental and environmental regulation of cuticular wax biosynthesis in fleshy fruits. Front Plant Sci 10:431. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00431
37. Ullah A, Sun H,Yang X, Zhang X (2017) Drought coping strategies in cotton: increased crop per drop. Plant Biotechnol J 15(3):271-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12688
38. Wahid A, Rasul E, Rao RA, Iqbal RM (2005) Photosynthesis in leaf, stem, flower and fruit. In: Handbook of Photosynthesis; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2005; pp. 479–497.
39. Wang CY, Isoda A, Li MS, Wang DL (2007) Growth and eco- physiological performance of cotton under water stress conditions. Agric Sci China 6:949–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(07)60133-3
40. Wu S, Hu C, Tan Q, Li L, Shi K, Zheng Y, Sun X (2015) Drought stress tolerance mediated by zinc-induced antioxidative defense and osmotic adjustment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Acta Physiol Plant 37:167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-1919-3
41. Xue D, Zhang X, Lu X, Chen G, Chen ZH (2017) Molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of cuticular wax for plant drought tolerance. Front Plant Sci 8:621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00621
42. Yan W, Du M, Zhao W, Li F, Wang X, Eneji AE, Yang F, Huang J, Meng L, Qi H, et al. (2019) Relationships between plant architecture traits and cotton yield within the plant height range of 80–120 cm desired for mechanical harvesting in the yellow river valley of China. Agronomy 9(10):587. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100587
43. Yang H, Zhang D, Li X, Li H, Zhang D, Lan H, Wood AJ, Wang J (2016) Overexpression of ScALDH21 gene in cotton improves drought tolerance and growth in greenhouse and field conditions. Mol Breeding 36:34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-015-0422-2
44. Yeats TH, Rose JKC (2013) The formation and function of plant cuticles. Plant Physiol 163:5-20. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.222737
45. Zahid KR, Ali F, Shah F, Younas M, Shah T, Shahwar D, Hassan W, Ahmad Z, Qi C, Lu Y, Iqbal A, Wu W (2016) Response and tolerance mechanism of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. to elevated temperature stress: A review. Front Plant Sci 7:937. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00937
46. Zahid Z, Khan MKR, Hameed A, Akhtar M, Ditta A, Hassan HM, Farid G (2021) Dissection of drought tolerance in upland cotton through morpho-physiological and biochemical traits at seedling stage. Front Plant Sci 12:627107. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.627107
47. Zeisler V, Schreiber L (2016) Epicuticular wax on cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) leaves does not constitute the cuticular transpiration barrier. Planta 243:65-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2397-y
48. Zeisler-Diehl V, Müller Y, Schreiber L. Epicuticular wax on leaf cuticles does not establish the transpiration barrier, which is essentially formed by intracuticular wax. J Plant Physiol 227:66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.018
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Sep 04, 2024
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Sidra Arshad, Muhammad Saeed, & Muhammad Shahid Munir Chohan. (2024). GENOMICS-ASSISTED BREEDING IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) AND GENERATION OF ADVANCE LINES WITH EXCELLENT SEED COTTON YIELD POTENTIAL UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3422-3440. https://doi.org/10.53555/yzend870
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Author Biographies
Sidra Arshad
Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Saeed
Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Shahid Munir Chohan
Cotton Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan
How to Cite
Sidra Arshad, Muhammad Saeed, & Muhammad Shahid Munir Chohan. (2024). GENOMICS-ASSISTED BREEDING IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) AND GENERATION OF ADVANCE LINES WITH EXCELLENT SEED COTTON YIELD POTENTIAL UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 3422-3440. https://doi.org/10.53555/yzend870