DRUG STANDARDIZATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO HERBAL/SKIN CARE FORMULATIONS: A REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Abstract
The rising interest in herbal and natural therapies for health care restoration, beauty enhancement, and disease prevention has led to the renewed demand for nutraceuticals. While the pharmaceutical industry is now moving towards phyto-pharmaceuticals to meet this increasing demand to have assurance of the quality, safety and effectiveness of herbal medicines. In this respect drug standardization has become an important process ensuring that herbal drugs satisfy the pharmacopoeial standards of identity, purity, potency and contamination control. This reviews studies highlighting the significance of standardization of drug in herbal and skin care product and focuses on the techniques, methods available in nature to prepare standardized available preparations. These include chemical, microscopic and spectrometric analyses, as well as more sophisticated techniques like chromatography, electrophoresis or DNA fingerprinting. The paper further discusses the role of pharmacopoeial reference materials established by WHO and other international organizations and the difficulties in detecting active agents responsible for medicinal properties. With the rising concerns regarding the side effects of modern drugs, herbal medicines including skin care products need to be standardized for their efficacy and safety. This will include the importance of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and quality control in ensuring consistency and avoiding contamination or misidentification. Finally, drugs standardization is the future of herbal products to guarantee their acceptance and effectiveness in current medicine and protection from the risks related to their consumption.
References
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• Bhutani KK. Herbal medicines enigma and a challenge for science and guidelines for new initiatives. J. Nat. Prod. 2003; 19: 3-8.
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• Blumenthal M. Herb industry sees mergers, acquisitions and entry by pharmaceutical plants in 1998. HerbalGram 1999; 45: 67-68.
• Bose A, Krishanu DE, Saroch V. A review on latest development in the standardization of ayurvedic drugs. IJPRBS. 2012; 3: 96-119.
• Bradley PR. British Herbal Compendium: A Handbook of Scientific Information on Widely Used Plant Drugs. Brit. Herb. Assoc. Bristol 2010; 1: 1-239.
• Brevoort P. Botanical (herbal) medicines in United States market. Pharm. News 1995; 3: 26-28.
• Brevoort P. The U.S. botanical market: an overview. HerbalGram 1995; 36: 49-59.
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• Chaudhary P, Gupta M, Tawar MG, Shrivastava B. Need & Scope of Standardization of herbal medicines-A review. Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science. 2021 Aug 16;7(8):26-31.
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• Choudhary N, Sekhon BS. An overview of advances in the standardization of herbal drugs. J. Pharm. Educ. Res. 2011; 2: 55-70.
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• Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th ed., Harcourt publisher, London, 2002; 1-585.
• Fisher P, Ward A. Complementary medicine in Europe. Brit. Med. J. 1994; 309: 107-111.
• Fursenco C, Drăgălin EA, Calalb T, Uncu L. Comparative assessment of pharmacopoeia requirements regarding the standardization of herbal drugs. InDirecții de reformare a sistemului farmaceutic din perspectiva cursului european al Republicii Moldova 2023 (pp. 104-116).
• Garg V, Dhar VJ, Sharma A, Dutt R. facts about standardization of herbal medicine: a review. J. Chin. Integ. Med. 2012; 10: 1077-1083.
• Gautam A, Kashyap SJ, Sharma PK, Garg VK, Kumar N. Identification, evaluation and standardization of herbal drugs: a review. Der Pharmacia Lett. 2010; 2: 302-315.
• Gupta MK, Sharma PK. Ayurvedic formulations. Test Book of Pharmacognosy, 1st ed. Pragati Prakashan Meerut 2007; 2-4.
• Hussain J, Khan AL, Rehman N, Hamayun M, Shinwari ZK, Ullah W, Lee IJ. Assessment of herbal products and their composite medicinal plants through proximate and micronutrients analyses. J. Med. Plant Res. 2009; 3: 1072-1077.
• Hussain K, Majeed MT, Ismail Z, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P. Complementary and alternative medicine: quality assessment strategies and safe usage. Southern medicine review 2009; 2: 19-23.
• Indian Drug Manufacturers Association. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Indian drug Manufacturers' Association Mumbai, 2010; 1-521.
• Indian Pharmacopeia 2021; Electronic version.
• Iwu MM, Duncan AR, Okunji CO. New antimicrobials of plant origin. In: Janick J. editor. Perspectives on new crops and new uses. Alexandria: ASHA press: 1999; 457-462.
• Japanese Pharmacopeia 2021; Electronic version.
• Jia W, Zhang L. Challenges and opportunities in the Chinese herbal drug industry. Zhang L and Demain AL ed. Natural products: drug discovery and therapeutic medicine. Humana Press Inc. New York 2005; 229-250.
• Jones WP, Chin YW, Kinghorn AD. The role of pharmacognosy in modern medicine and pharmacy. Current Drug Targets 2006; 7: 247-264.
• Kamboj A. Analytical evaluation of herbal drugs. Drug discovery research in pharmacognosy. Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia 2012; 23-60.
• Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. Nirali prakashan, Delhi 2004; 1-635.
• Korean herbal pharmacopoeia. 8th ed. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Korea 2019; 1-1881.
• Kosalec I, Cvek J, Tomic S. Contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. Arh. Hig. Rada. Toksikol. 2009; 60: 485-501.
• Kunle, Folashade O, Egharevba, Omoregie H, Ahmadu, Ochogu P. Standardization of herbal medicines- a review. Int. J. Biodiv. Conser, 2012; 4: 101-112.
• Kushwaha SKS, Kushwaha N, Maurya N, Rai AK. Role of markers in the standardization of herbal drugs: a review. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 2010; 2: 225-229.
• Mazzanti G, Battinelli L, Daniele C, Constantini S, Ciaralli L, Evandri MG. Purity control of some Chinese crude herbal drugs marketed in Italy. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008; 46: 3043-3047.
• Mosihuzzaman M, Chuodhary MI. Protocols on safety, efficacy, standardization and documentation of herbal medicine. Pure Appl. Chem. 2008; 80: 2195-2230.
• Nikam PH, Kareparamban J, Jadhav A, Kadam V. Future trends in standardization of herbal drugs. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2012; 02: 38-44.
• Ong ES. Extraction methods and chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations. J. Chromatogr. 2004; 812: 23-33.
• Patel DK, Patel K, Dhanabal SP. Phytochemical standardization of Aloe vera extract by HPTLC techniques. J. Acute Dis. 2012; 47-50.
• Patel PM, Patel NM, Goyal RK. Evaluation of marketed polyherbal antidiabetic formulation using Biomarker Charantin. Pharma Rev. 2006; 22: 113-114.
• Pattanayak P, Behera M, Mohapatra P, Panda SK. Standardization and evaluation of laxative activity of a polyherbal formulation. Der. Pharmacia Lett. 2011; 3: 276-286.
• Petrovick PR, Marques LC, Paula IC. New rules for phytopharmaceutical drug registration on Brazil. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 66: 51-55.
• Rai V, Kakkar P, Khatoon S, Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S. Heavy metal accumulation in some herbal drugs. Pharm. Biol. 2001; 39: 384–387.
• Rajani M, Kanaki NS. Phytochemical standardization of herbal drugs and poly herbal formulations. Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants. In: Ramawati KG, Merillon eds. Springer New York 2008; 349-369.
• Razmovski-Naumovski V, Tangkao-on W, Kimble B, Qiao VL, Beilun L, Li KM, Roufogalis B, Depo Y, Meicun Y, Li GQ. Multiple chromatographic and chemometric methods for quality standardization of Chinese herbal medicines. Mode Tradit. Chin. Med. Mater. Med. 2010: 12: 99-106.
• Ritch R. Potential role of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of glaucoma. Med. Hypothesis 2000; 54: 221-235.
• Roberts DB, Travis EL. Acemannan-containing wound dressing gels reduce radiation-induced skin reactions in C3H mice. Int. J. Radiat Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995; 15: 1047-1052.
• Sahil K, Sudeep B, Akanksha M. standardization of medicinal plant material. IJRAP. 2011; 2: 1100-1109.
• Sahoo N, Manchikanti P, Dey S. Herbal drugs: standards and regulation. Fitoterapia 2010; 81: 462-471.
• Shamkuwar P. Standardization of herbal formulations: pharmacological and phytochemical methods in herbal drug standardization. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2013; 1-80.
• Shrikumer S, Maheshwari U, Sughanti A, Ravi TK. WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. Pharminfo.net 2006; 2: 78-81.
• Shu YZ. Recent natural products based drug development: a pharmaceutical industry perspective. J. Nat. Prod. 1998; 61: 1053-1071.
• The pharmacopoeia commission of China. Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China. Chemical Industry Press; 2005; 1: 1-2900.
• United States Pharmacopeia 30/National Formulary 25, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, MD, 2021; Electronic version.
• Vadiya ADB, Devasagayam TPA. Current status of herbal drugs in India: an overview. J. Clin. Biochem. 2007; 41: 1-11.
• Waghulkar VM. Quality assurance of herbal drugs: standardization of herbal drugs. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2011; 1-116.
• Wani MS. Herbal medicines and its standardization. Pharma. Info. 2007; 5: 1-6.
• WHO. Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, World Health Organization, Geneva, England 1996; 1-122.
• WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland 1992; 152-159.
• WHO. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 1999; 1: 33-49.
• WHO. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 2002; 2: 1-390.
• Yadav NP, Dixit VK. Recent approaches in herbal drug standardization. Int. J. Integr. Biol. 2008; 2: 195-203.
• Zafar R, Panwar R, Bhanu PS. Herbal Drug Standardization: The Indian Pharmacist 2005; 4: 21-25
• Zeisel SH. Regulations of nutraceuticals. Sci.1999; 285: 1853-1855.
• Zhang J, Wider B, Shang H, Li X, Ernst E. Quality of herbal medicines: challenges and solutions. Complement. Ther. Med. 2012; 20: 100-106.
• Ahmad I, Aqil F, Owais M. Turning medicinal plants into drugs. Mod. Phytomed. 2006; 384: 67-72.
• American Herbal Pharmacopoeia: Botanical Pharmacognosy - Microscopic Characterization of Botanical Medicines.CRC Press 2011; 1-800.
• Bagheri H, Broue P, Lacroix I, Larrey D, Olives JP, Vaysse P, Ghisolfi J, Montastru JL. Fulminant hepatic failure after herbal medicine ingestion in children. Therapie 1998; 53: 77-83.
• Bandaranayake WM. Quality Control, Screening, Toxicity, and Regulation of Herbal Drugs. Modern Phytomedicine. Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs. Wiley-VCH verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2006; 25-57.
• Barbosa WLR, Pinto LN, Malheiros LCS, Barros PMSS, Freitas CB, Silva JOC, Gallori S, Vincieri FF. Standardization of Herbal Drugs Derivatives with Special Reference to Brazilian Regulations. Bioactive Compounds in Phytomedicine. InTech Europe 2012; 69-92.
• Bele AA, Khale A. Standardization of herbal drugs: an overview. IRJP. 2011; 2: 56-60.
• Bhutani KK. Herbal medicines enigma and a challenge for science and guidelines for new initiatives. J. Nat. Prod. 2003; 19: 3-8.
• Blumenthal M, Brusse WR, Goldberg A, Gruenwald J, Hall T, Riggins CW, Rister RS. The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. The American Botanical Council, Austin, TX, USA 1998; 52-56.
• Blumenthal M. Harvard study estimates consumers spend $5.1 billion on herbal products. HerbalGram 1999; 45: 68-74.
• Blumenthal M. Herb industry sees mergers, acquisitions and entry by pharmaceutical plants in 1998. HerbalGram 1999; 45: 67-68.
• Bose A, Krishanu DE, Saroch V. A review on latest development in the standardization of ayurvedic drugs. IJPRBS. 2012; 3: 96-119.
• Bradley PR. British Herbal Compendium: A Handbook of Scientific Information on Widely Used Plant Drugs. Brit. Herb. Assoc. Bristol 2010; 1: 1-239.
• Brevoort P. Botanical (herbal) medicines in United States market. Pharm. News 1995; 3: 26-28.
• Brevoort P. The U.S. botanical market: an overview. HerbalGram 1995; 36: 49-59.
• Brinker FJ. Herb contraindications and drug interactions. 2nd ed., Eclect. Med. Pub. Sandy, Oregon 1998; 28-30.
• British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, British Herbal Medicine Association, 1996; 22.
• British Pharmacopoeia. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, UK, 2022; Electronic version.
• Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Regulatory situation of herbal medicines. A worldwide review. Geneva 1998; 1-43.
• Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Research guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine. Geneva 1993; 1-86.
• Calixto JB. Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents). Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2000; 33: 179-189.
• Chaudhary P, Gupta M, Tawar MG, Shrivastava B. Need & Scope of Standardization of herbal medicines-A review. Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science. 2021 Aug 16;7(8):26-31.
• Chaudhury RR. Herbal Medicine for human health, World Health Organization, New Delhi 1992; 51-57.
• Chinese Pharmacopeia 2020; Electronic version.
• Choudhary N, Sekhon BS. An overview of advances in the standardization of herbal drugs. J. Pharm. Educ. Res. 2011; 2: 55-70.
• Cragg GM, Newman DJ, Snader KM. Natural products in drug discovery and development. J. Nat. Prod. 1997; 60: 52-60.
• Cuzzolin L, Zaffani S, Benoni G. Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines. Eur. J. Clinc. Pharmacol. 2006; 62: 37-42.
• De-Smet PAGM. Health risks of herbal remedies. Drug Safety 1995; 13: 81-93.
• De-Smet PAGM. The role of plant derived drugs and herbal medicines in health care. Drug Safety 1997; 54: 801-840.
• Dubey N. Quality parameters for herbal drug formulations -current perspective: herbal drug standardization. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2914; 1-128.
• Duke JA, Bogenschutz-Godwin MJ, duCellier J, Duke PAK. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 2nd ed. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, DC. 2002; 1-893.
• Ekka NR, Namdeo KP, Samal PK. Standardization strategies for herbal drugs-an overview. Res. J. Pharm. Tech. 2008; 1: 310-312.
• Elvin-Lewis MJ. Should we be concerned about herbal remedies. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 75: 141-164.
• Ernst E, Thompson-Coon J. Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: a systematic review. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2001; 70: 497-504.
• Ernst E. Adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines with synthetic drugs: a systematic review. J. Internal. Med. 2002; 252: 107113.
• European Medicines Agency. Guidelines on specifications, test procedures and acceptance criteria for herbal substances, herbal preparations medicinal products/traditional herbal medicinal products. CPMP/QWP/2820/00 Rev 1; 2006.
• European Pharmacopeia. Council of Europe 2021; Electronic version.
• Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th ed., Harcourt publisher, London, 2002; 1-585.
• Fisher P, Ward A. Complementary medicine in Europe. Brit. Med. J. 1994; 309: 107-111.
• Fursenco C, Drăgălin EA, Calalb T, Uncu L. Comparative assessment of pharmacopoeia requirements regarding the standardization of herbal drugs. InDirecții de reformare a sistemului farmaceutic din perspectiva cursului european al Republicii Moldova 2023 (pp. 104-116).
• Garg V, Dhar VJ, Sharma A, Dutt R. facts about standardization of herbal medicine: a review. J. Chin. Integ. Med. 2012; 10: 1077-1083.
• Gautam A, Kashyap SJ, Sharma PK, Garg VK, Kumar N. Identification, evaluation and standardization of herbal drugs: a review. Der Pharmacia Lett. 2010; 2: 302-315.
• Gupta MK, Sharma PK. Ayurvedic formulations. Test Book of Pharmacognosy, 1st ed. Pragati Prakashan Meerut 2007; 2-4.
• Hussain J, Khan AL, Rehman N, Hamayun M, Shinwari ZK, Ullah W, Lee IJ. Assessment of herbal products and their composite medicinal plants through proximate and micronutrients analyses. J. Med. Plant Res. 2009; 3: 1072-1077.
• Hussain K, Majeed MT, Ismail Z, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P. Complementary and alternative medicine: quality assessment strategies and safe usage. Southern medicine review 2009; 2: 19-23.
• Indian Drug Manufacturers Association. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Indian drug Manufacturers' Association Mumbai, 2010; 1-521.
• Indian Pharmacopeia 2021; Electronic version.
• Iwu MM, Duncan AR, Okunji CO. New antimicrobials of plant origin. In: Janick J. editor. Perspectives on new crops and new uses. Alexandria: ASHA press: 1999; 457-462.
• Japanese Pharmacopeia 2021; Electronic version.
• Jia W, Zhang L. Challenges and opportunities in the Chinese herbal drug industry. Zhang L and Demain AL ed. Natural products: drug discovery and therapeutic medicine. Humana Press Inc. New York 2005; 229-250.
• Jones WP, Chin YW, Kinghorn AD. The role of pharmacognosy in modern medicine and pharmacy. Current Drug Targets 2006; 7: 247-264.
• Kamboj A. Analytical evaluation of herbal drugs. Drug discovery research in pharmacognosy. Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia 2012; 23-60.
• Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. Nirali prakashan, Delhi 2004; 1-635.
• Korean herbal pharmacopoeia. 8th ed. Korea Food and Drug Administration, Korea 2019; 1-1881.
• Kosalec I, Cvek J, Tomic S. Contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. Arh. Hig. Rada. Toksikol. 2009; 60: 485-501.
• Kunle, Folashade O, Egharevba, Omoregie H, Ahmadu, Ochogu P. Standardization of herbal medicines- a review. Int. J. Biodiv. Conser, 2012; 4: 101-112.
• Kushwaha SKS, Kushwaha N, Maurya N, Rai AK. Role of markers in the standardization of herbal drugs: a review. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 2010; 2: 225-229.
• Mazzanti G, Battinelli L, Daniele C, Constantini S, Ciaralli L, Evandri MG. Purity control of some Chinese crude herbal drugs marketed in Italy. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008; 46: 3043-3047.
• Mosihuzzaman M, Chuodhary MI. Protocols on safety, efficacy, standardization and documentation of herbal medicine. Pure Appl. Chem. 2008; 80: 2195-2230.
• Nikam PH, Kareparamban J, Jadhav A, Kadam V. Future trends in standardization of herbal drugs. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2012; 02: 38-44.
• Ong ES. Extraction methods and chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations. J. Chromatogr. 2004; 812: 23-33.
• Patel DK, Patel K, Dhanabal SP. Phytochemical standardization of Aloe vera extract by HPTLC techniques. J. Acute Dis. 2012; 47-50.
• Patel PM, Patel NM, Goyal RK. Evaluation of marketed polyherbal antidiabetic formulation using Biomarker Charantin. Pharma Rev. 2006; 22: 113-114.
• Pattanayak P, Behera M, Mohapatra P, Panda SK. Standardization and evaluation of laxative activity of a polyherbal formulation. Der. Pharmacia Lett. 2011; 3: 276-286.
• Petrovick PR, Marques LC, Paula IC. New rules for phytopharmaceutical drug registration on Brazil. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 66: 51-55.
• Rai V, Kakkar P, Khatoon S, Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S. Heavy metal accumulation in some herbal drugs. Pharm. Biol. 2001; 39: 384–387.
• Rajani M, Kanaki NS. Phytochemical standardization of herbal drugs and poly herbal formulations. Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants. In: Ramawati KG, Merillon eds. Springer New York 2008; 349-369.
• Razmovski-Naumovski V, Tangkao-on W, Kimble B, Qiao VL, Beilun L, Li KM, Roufogalis B, Depo Y, Meicun Y, Li GQ. Multiple chromatographic and chemometric methods for quality standardization of Chinese herbal medicines. Mode Tradit. Chin. Med. Mater. Med. 2010: 12: 99-106.
• Ritch R. Potential role of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of glaucoma. Med. Hypothesis 2000; 54: 221-235.
• Roberts DB, Travis EL. Acemannan-containing wound dressing gels reduce radiation-induced skin reactions in C3H mice. Int. J. Radiat Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995; 15: 1047-1052.
• Sahil K, Sudeep B, Akanksha M. standardization of medicinal plant material. IJRAP. 2011; 2: 1100-1109.
• Sahoo N, Manchikanti P, Dey S. Herbal drugs: standards and regulation. Fitoterapia 2010; 81: 462-471.
• Shamkuwar P. Standardization of herbal formulations: pharmacological and phytochemical methods in herbal drug standardization. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2013; 1-80.
• Shrikumer S, Maheshwari U, Sughanti A, Ravi TK. WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. Pharminfo.net 2006; 2: 78-81.
• Shu YZ. Recent natural products based drug development: a pharmaceutical industry perspective. J. Nat. Prod. 1998; 61: 1053-1071.
• The pharmacopoeia commission of China. Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China. Chemical Industry Press; 2005; 1: 1-2900.
• United States Pharmacopeia 30/National Formulary 25, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, MD, 2021; Electronic version.
• Vadiya ADB, Devasagayam TPA. Current status of herbal drugs in India: an overview. J. Clin. Biochem. 2007; 41: 1-11.
• Waghulkar VM. Quality assurance of herbal drugs: standardization of herbal drugs. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2011; 1-116.
• Wani MS. Herbal medicines and its standardization. Pharma. Info. 2007; 5: 1-6.
• WHO. Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, World Health Organization, Geneva, England 1996; 1-122.
• WHO. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland 1992; 152-159.
• WHO. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 1999; 1: 33-49.
• WHO. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 2002; 2: 1-390.
• Yadav NP, Dixit VK. Recent approaches in herbal drug standardization. Int. J. Integr. Biol. 2008; 2: 195-203.
• Zafar R, Panwar R, Bhanu PS. Herbal Drug Standardization: The Indian Pharmacist 2005; 4: 21-25
• Zeisel SH. Regulations of nutraceuticals. Sci.1999; 285: 1853-1855.
• Zhang J, Wider B, Shang H, Li X, Ernst E. Quality of herbal medicines: challenges and solutions. Complement. Ther. Med. 2012; 20: 100-106.
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Aug 30, 2024
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Sadia Ahmed Zuberi, Farhana Tasleem, Nousheen Malik, Fawaz Jaffar, & Nimra Aamir. (2024). DRUG STANDARDIZATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO HERBAL/SKIN CARE FORMULATIONS: A REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9). https://doi.org/10.53555/rha6gs27
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Author Biographies
Sadia Ahmed Zuberi
Faculty of Pharmacy, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
Farhana Tasleem
Faculty of Pharmacy, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
Nousheen Malik
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SBB Dewan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Fawaz Jaffar
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SBB Dewan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Nimra Aamir
Faculty of Pharmacy, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
How to Cite
Sadia Ahmed Zuberi, Farhana Tasleem, Nousheen Malik, Fawaz Jaffar, & Nimra Aamir. (2024). DRUG STANDARDIZATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO HERBAL/SKIN CARE FORMULATIONS: A REVIEW. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9). https://doi.org/10.53555/rha6gs27
