A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON DIETARY SUBSTITUTION OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES AND IT’S EFFECT ON TUMOR METABOLISM IN ONCOLOGY
Main Article Content
Keywords
cancer, nutrition management, medium chain triglycerides
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global public health issue. Even while the most recent technology is being used in many aspects of the struggle against cancer, there is still much space for improvement. In order to control cancer cachexia, nutrition management is essential. One significant energy source is glucose. However, a significant portion of the global obesity and weight gain epidemic currently occurring is probably caused by food that contains an excessive amount of sugar. Fast food, highly processed food, and excessive sugar intake are also considered to be contributing factors to the rising rate of cancer in low- and middle-income nations. It has been seen that a diet high in protein and high in energy can help cancer patients with cachexia gain weight. Fats are a concentrated energy source. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), a type of lipid, are readily absorbed from the small intestine by bile without the need for micelle synthesis. The portal vein then carries the MCTs to the liver. Although the results of early clinical trials are uncertain, an MCT-rich ketogenic diet plan appears to have potential as a supportive therapy for the treatment of cancer.
References
2. Epner M, Yang P, Wagner RW, Cohen L. Understanding the Link between Sugar and Cancer: An Examination of the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Dec 8;14(24):6042.
3. Gulati S, Misra A. Sugar intake, obesity, and diabetes in India. Nutrients. 2014 Dec 22;6(12):5955-74.
4. Wang B, Bobe G, LaPres JJ, Bourquin LD. High sucrose diets promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in APC(Min) mice by increasing insulin and IGF-I levels. Nutr. Cancer 2009, 61, 81–93.
5. Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin B M. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004, 79, 537–543.
6. Lustig RH, Schmidt LA, Brindis CD, Public health: The toxic truth about sugar. Nature 2012, 482, 27–2
7. Nebeling LC, Miraldi F, Shurin SB, Lerner E. Effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor metabolism and nutritional status in pediatric oncology patients: two case reports. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Apr;14(2):202-8
8. Global battle against cancer won't be won with treatment alone--effective prevention measures urgently needed to prevent cancer crisis. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2014 Mar;22(1):23-28.
9. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015 Mar;65(2):87-108
10. Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, Hildesheim A, Nomura AM, West DW, Wu-Williams AH, Kolonel LN, Horn-Ross PL, Rosenthal JF, Hyer MB. Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Nov 17;85(22):1819-27.
11. Mathur P, Sathishkumar K, Chaturvedi M, Das P, Sudarshan KL, Santhappan S, Nallasamy V, John A, Narasimhan S, Roselind FS, ICMR-NCDIR-NCRP Investigator Group. Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India. JCO Glob Oncol. 2020 Jul;6:1063-1075.
12. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019, A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. JAMA Oncol. 2022, 8, 420–444
13. Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X, Song X, Ren Y, Shan PF. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2020. Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 8;10(1):14790.
14. Tomic D, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ. The burden and risks of emerging complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022 Sep;18(9):525-539.
15. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-249.
16. Tisdale MJ, Brennan RA, Fearon KC. Reduction of weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model by a high fat diet. Br J Cancer. 1987 Jul;56(1):39-43
17. Tanaka K, Nakamura S, Narimatsu H. Nutritional Approach to Cancer Cachexia: A Proposal for Dietitians. Nutrients. 2022 Jan 14;14(2):345.
18. Jadhav HB, Annapure US. Triglycerides of medium-chain fatty acids: a concise review. J Food Sci Technol. 2023 Aug;60(8):2143-2152.
19. Van de Worp WRPH, Schols AMWJ, Theys J, van Helvoort A, Langen RCJ. Nutritional Interventions in Cancer Cachexia: Evidence and Perspectives from Experimental Models. Front Nutr. 2020 Dec 22;7:601329.
20. Shah ND, Limketkai, BN. The Use of Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Gastrointestinal Disorders.2017 Feb; 20-28.
21. Roopashree PG, Shetty SS, Shetty VV, Nalilu SK. Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk by Receptor and Pathological Subtypes. Nutrients. 2022 Dec 16;14(24):5351.
22. Watanabe S, Tsujino S. Applications of Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Foods. Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 2;9:802805.
23. Wakana H, Kono H, Fukushima H, Nakata Y, Akazawa Y, Maruyama S, Hagio K, Fujii H, Ichikawa D. Effects of Medium-chain Triglycerides Administration in Chemically-induced Carcinogenesis in Mice. Anticancer Res. 2019 Dec;39(12):6653-6660.
24. Narayanan A, Baskaran SA, Amalaradjou MA, Venkitanarayanan K. Anticarcinogenic properties of medium chain fatty acids on human colorectal, skin and breast cancer cells in vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Mar 5;16(3):5014-27.
25. Yamasaki M, Soda S, Sakakibara Y, et al. The importance of 1,2‐dithiolane structure in alpha‐lipoic acid for the downregulation of cell surface beta1‐integrin expression of human bladder cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2014;78(11):1939‐1942.
26. Furukawa K, Shigematus K, Iwase Y, Mikami W, Hoshi H, Nishiyama T, Ohtuka A, Abe H. Clinical effects of one year of chemotherapy with a modified medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on the recurrence of stage IV colon cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2018 ; 36.
27. Gray A, Dang BN, Moore TB, Clemens R, Pressman P. A review of nutrition and dietary interventions in oncology. SAGE Open Med. 2020 Jun 1;8:2050312120926877.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Nidhi Singh
Co-founder, Oncoheal, Pune
Geetanjali Borse
Cipla, Mumbai, India
Aparna Nemalikanti
Sindhu Hospital, Hyderabad, India
Gargi Rai
National Cancer Institute, Nagpur India