FREQUENCY AND UNDERLYING RISK FACTORS OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Alcohol consumption, Betel quid, HPV exposure, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Risk factors, Tobacco use
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the head and neck region, with risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing being strongly associated with its development.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and underlying risk factors contributing to the development of OSCC among patients, with a focus on their demographic characteristics and tumor grading.
Study Design and Setting: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital over a 12-month period.
Methodology: A total of 130 OSCC patients were included, and data regarding their demographic characteristics, lesion location, tumor grade, and potential risk factors (such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV exposure) were collected. Tumor grade was assessed using histopathological examination. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between risk factors and tumor grade.
Results: Tobacco use (73.1%) and alcohol consumption (46.1%) were the most prevalent risk factors. The study found significant associations between tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and tumor grade, with well-differentiated tumors more commonly observed in patients with these habits.
Conclusion: Tobacco and alcohol use are key risk factors for the development of OSCC, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies. Early detection and lifestyle modification are critical in reducing the burden of OSCC.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Basil Khalid
BDS. MPhil, Associate professor/head Oral pathology Department, Multan Medical and Dental College, (MMDC)
Babar Pasha
BDS, MCPS, FCPS, CMT Assistant Professor Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Rahbar Medical and Dental College
Ali Farooq
Associate Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore
Ammara Anwar
Assistant Professor Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore
Sana Knawal
Senior Registrar, University of Medical And Dental College, Faisalabad
Mariyah Javed
Assistant Professor, Azra Naheed Dental College, The Superior university, Lahore. Department of Oral Pathology