ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING CANCER METASTASIS: MOLECULAR PATHWAYS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

In all stages of their development cancer metastasis is the main cause behind human malignancies and a significantly major issue for treating cancer. Recent discoveries supporting the molecular pathways underlying metastasis have enabled the design of more effective treatments. Abstract NP Underlying Processes in Tumor Metastasis The Biofilm Perspective on Cancer Studies Elucidated Sections Significance of Nanocarriers Investigating Drug Delivery Systems For more than a century, the phenomenon that local or regional cancer cells may infiltrate distant organs and form secondary lesions has been attracting great attention from scientists throughout different fields (Fidler 2003). These include a brief review of the mechanisms underlying metastasis, with emphasis on invasion and escape from primary tumor sites, successful survival in transit to distant colonization. In addition to the recent applications of nanocarriers coadministered with drugs addressed in this review for metastasis relevent tumor components, we provide mechanistic basis and a potential roadmap toward more efficacious therapeutic modalities. We are all aware of how metastasis is a complex interplay involving both early and late-stage processes, for this reason varied approaches to intervention include primary prevention through screening, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CTx), Immunotherapy as well as targeted therapies.