VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: LESSON FOR PAKISTAN, A META-ANALYSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Vitamin D deficiency, food fortification, meta-analysis
Abstract
This study highlights the importance of food fortification to reduce the vitamin D deficiency. A systematic review of the published literature on Pakistan reveals that vitamin D deficiency is a major problem in Pakistan, and situation is much worse when it comes to women. Around 70% of the population is either vitamin D deficient or near the borderline value. Despite having good sunny days, Pakistan is one of the vitamin D deficient countries, which is primarily the result of poor nutrition. Food fortification techniques along with some oral vitamin doses can be a possible way to bring the country out of deficiency. This study points to the need of food fortification on a larger scale, to cope with the problems arising from vitamin D deficiency.
References
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4. Allen, R. E., Dangour, A. D., Tedstone, A. E., & Chalabi, Z. (2015). Does fortification of staple foods improve vitamin D intakes and status of groups at risk of deficiency? A United Kingdom modeling study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 102(2), 338-344.
5. Bonjour, J. P., Benoit, V., Atkin, S., & Walrand, S. (2015). Fortification of yogurts with vitamin D and calcium enhances the inhibition of serum parathyroid hormone and bone resorption markers: a double blind randomized controlled trial in women over 60 living in a community dwelling home. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 19(5), 563-569.
6. Bouillon, Roger; Carmeliet, Geert (2018). Vitamin D insufficiency: definition, diagnosis and management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, (), S1521690X18301143.
7. Brown, J., Sandmann, A., Ignatius, A., Amling, M., & Barvencik, F. (2013). New perspectives on vitamin D food fortification based on a modeling of 25 (OH) D concentrations. Nutrition Journal, 12(1), 1-12.
8. Cashman, K.D., Sheehy, T. & O’Neill, C.M. Is vitamin D deficiency a public health concern for low middle income countries? A systematic literature reviews. Eur J Nutr 58, 433–453 (2019)
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10. DeLuca HF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80 (6 Suppl): 1689–96.
11. Ebrahimzadeh A, Mohseni S, Narimani B, Ebrahimzadeh A, Kazemi S, Keshavarz F, Javad MY & Milajerdi A (2021) Association between vitamin D status and risk of covid-19 in-hospital mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.
12. Flynn, A., Hirvonen, T., Mensink, G. B., Ocké, M. C., Serra-Majem, L., Stos, K., ... & Wildemann, T. (2009). Intake of selected nutrients from foods, from fortification and from supplements in various European countries. Food & Nutrition Research, 53(1), 2038.
13. Grønborg, I. M., Tetens, I., Ege, M., Christensen, T., Andersen, E. W., & Andersen, R. (2019). Modelling of adequate and safe vitamin D intake in Danish women using different fortification and supplementation scenarios to inform fortification policies. European journal of nutrition, 58(1), 227-232.
14. Hirvonen, T., Sinkko, H., Valsta, L., Hannila, M. L., & Pietinen, P. (2007). Development of a model for optimal food fortification: vitamin D among adults in Finland. European journal of nutrition, 46(5), 264- 270.
15. Holick, Michael F. (2017). The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 18(2), 153–165.
16. Hovsepian, Silva; Amini, Massoud; Aminorroaya, Ashraf; Amini, Peyvand; Iraj, Bijan (2011). Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Adult Population of Isfahan City, Iran. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 29(2), –.
17. Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2004). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage. Schmidt, F. L., & Le, H. (2014).
18. Ince, Bilsev; Yildirim, Mehmet Emin Cem; Dadaci, Mehmet (2019). Assessing the Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Basal Cell Carcinoma Occurrence and Recurrence Rates in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Hormones and Cancer.
19. Iqbal, K., Islam, N., Mehboobali, N., Asghar, A., Iqbal, S. P., & Iqbal, M. P. (2019). Relationship of sociodemographic factors with serum levels of vitamin D in a healthy population of Pakistan. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 32(1), 29.
20. Jääskeläinen, T., Itkonen, S. T., Lundqvist, A., Erkkola, M., Koskela, T., Lakkala, K., ... & Lamberg- Allardt, C. (2017). The positive impact of general vitamin D food fortification policy on vitamin D status
21. in a representative adult Finnish population: evidence from an 11-y follow-up based on standardized 25- hydroxyvitamin D data. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105(6), 1512-1520.
22. Javed, R., Naz, S., Saleem, F., Aasim, M., & Zafar, R. (2018). A Review on Requirements for Vitamin D Fortification in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 57(2).
23. Jiang, Zhiwei, Pu, Rui, Li, Na, Chen, Chaozhen,Li, Jialu, Dai, Wei, Wang, Yuchen, Hu, Jinxing, Zhu, Danji, Yu, Qiong, Shi, Yuan, Yang, Guoli (2021).High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.
24. Junaid, K., Rehman, A., Jolliffe, D. A., Wood, K., & Martineau, A. R. (2015). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women of child-bearing age in Lahore Pakistan, associating with lack of sun exposure and illiteracy. BMC women's health, 15(1), 1-8.
25. Kaykhaei, M. A., Hashemi, M., Narouie, B., Shikhzadeh, A., Rashidi, H., Moulaei, N., & Ghavami, S. (2011). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 58(1), 37-41.
26. Khan, A. H., Fatima, S. S., Raheem, A., & Jafri, L. (2019). Are serum leptin levels predicted by lipoproteins, vitamin D and body composition?. World Journal of Diabetes, 10(4), 260.
27. Khan, A. H., Iqbal, R., Naureen, G., Dar, F. J., & Ahmed, F. N. (2012). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates: results of a community-based study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Archives of osteoporosis, 7(1), 275-282.
28. Ko, S., Jun, C. & Nam, J. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the functional outcome in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vitamin D deficiency. J Orthop Surg Res 16, 571 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02717-7 J
29. Kozgar, Sheikh Arif M.; Chay, Paul; Munns, Craig F. (2020). Screening of vitamin D and calcium concentrations in neonates of mothers at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 332–
30. Kumar, S., Almani, Z., Almani, S. A., & Nazia, S. (2016). Relation of vitamin D level with demographic and lab feature for local population. Hemoglobin (Gm/dl), 10(11.9), 0-147.
31. Lowe, H., Cusano, N. E., Binkley, N., Blaner, W. S., & Bilezikian, J. P. (2011). Vitamin D toxicity due to a commonly available “over the counter” remedy from the Dominican Republic. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(2), 291-295.
32. Mahmood, K., Akhtar, S. T., Talib, A., & Haider, I. (2007). Vitamin-D status in a population of healthy adults in Pakistan. Methodology.
33. Mansoor, S., Habib, A., Ghani, F., Fatmi, Z., Badruddin, S., Mansoor, S., ... & Jabbar, A. (2010). Prevalence and significance of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among apparently healthy adults. Clinical biochemistry, 43(18), 1431-1435.
34. Maryam, S., Saba, S., Haider, W., Afzal, M., Mukhtar, S., Durrance-Bagale, A., . . . Ahmed, H. (2021). Community-based social and demographic assessment of knowledge,
35. McCourt, A., McNulty, B. A., Walton, J., & O'Sullivan, A. (2020). Efficacy and safety of food fortification to improve vitamin D intakes of older adults. Nutrition, 75, 110767.
36. Mehboobali, N., Iqbal, S. P., & Iqbal, M. P. (2015). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in a low income peri-urban community in Karachi. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 65(9), 946.
37. Mostafai, R., Mohammadi, R., Nachvak, S. M., Rezaei, M., Pasdar, Y., Abdollahzad, H., ... & Adeli, K. (2018). Fortified yogurt with vitamin D as a cost-effective food to prevent diabetes: a randomized double- blind clinical trial. Journal of functional foods, 42, 137-145.
38. Moyersoen, I., Devleesschauwer, B., Dekkers, A., Verkaik-Kloosterman, J., De Ridder, K., Vandevijvere, S., ... & Van Camp, J. (2019). A novel approach to optimize vitamin D intake in Belgium through fortification based on representative food consumption data. The Journal of Nutrition, 149(10), 1852-1862.
39. Mubashir, M., Anwar, S., Tareen, A. K., Mehboobali, N., Iqbal, K., & Iqbal, M. P. (2017). Association of vitamin D deficiency and VDBP gene polymorphism with the risk of AMI in a Pakistani population. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 33(6), 1349.
40. Mustafa, G., Asadi, M. A., Iqbal, I., & Bashir, N. (2018). Low vitamin D status in nursing Pakistani mothers in an environment of ample sunshine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1-7.
41. Nadeem, S., Munim, T. F., Hussain, H. F., & Hussain, D. F. (2018). Determinants of Vitamin D deficiency in asymptomatic healthy young medical students. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 34(5), 1248.
42. Nath, Karthik; Ganeshalingam, Vibooshini; Ewart, Barbara; Heyer, Elizabeth; Watt, Kerrianne; Birchley, Andrew; Casey, John; Lai, Hock Choong; Morris, Edward; Hodges, Georgina (2019). A retrospective
43. analysis of the prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in myeloma patients in tropical Australia. Supportive Care in Cancer, (), –. doi:10.1007/s00520-019-04942-7
44. Nikooyeh, B., Neyestani, T. R., Zahedirad, M., Mohammadi, M., Hosseini, S. H., Abdollahi, Z., ... & Maleki, M. R. (2016). Vitamin D-fortified bread is as effective as supplement in improving vitamin D status: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 101(6), 2511- 2519.
45. Parameswaran, Priyatharshini; Vaidya, Pankaj C; Attri, Savita Verma; Angurana, Suresh Kumar; Vignesh, Pandiarajan; Singh, Meenu (2020). Vitamin D Deficiency: Prevalence and Association with Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Indian Children. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.
46. Pearce, S. H.; Cheetham, T. D (2010). Diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency.
47. Pettifor, John M. (2014). Calcium and Vitamin D Metabolism in Children in Developing Countries. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 64(s2), 15–22.
48. Piirainen, T., Laitinen, K., & Isolauri, E. (2007). Impact of national fortification of fluid milks and margarines with vitamin D on dietary intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in 4-year-old children. European journal of clinical nutrition, 61(1), 123-128.
49. Rehman, R., Lalani, S., Baig, M., Nizami, I., Rana, Z., & Gazzaz, Z. J. (2018). Association between vitamin D, reproductive hormones and sperm parameters in infertile male subjects. Frontiers in endocrinology, 9, 607.
50. Robbani S, Afaq S, Fazid S, et al. Correlation between maternal and neonatal blood vit D level: Study from pakistan . Maternal child nutrition. 2021 ;17: et 13028.
51. Roomi, M. A., Farooq, A., Ullah, E., & Lone, K. P. (2015). Hypovitaminosis D and its association with lifestyle factors. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 31(5), 1236.
52. Shamsi U, Khan S, Azam I, Habib Khan A, Maqbool A, Hanif M, et al. (2020) A multicenter case control study of association of vitamin D with breast cancer among women in Karachi, Pakistan. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0225402.
53. Sharif, S., Farasat, T., Shoaib, H., Saqib, M., & Fazal, S. (2013). Vitamin D levels among pregnant and lactating women. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 23(12), 862-865.
54. Siddiqee, M.H., Bhattacharjee, B., Siddiqi, U.R. et al. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 21, 1823 (2021).
55. Siddique AA, kumar J, Adeel M, Yaqoob U, Rajput MI, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children presenting with supracondylar fractures of humerus. Int J Clin Pract.v.
56. Tangpricha, V., Koutkia, P., Rieke, S. M., Chen, T. C., Perez, A. A., & Holick, M. F. (2003). Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D: a novel approach for enhancing vitamin D nutritional health. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 77(6), 1478-1483.
57. Tariq, Amina; Khan, Shanchita R.; Basharat, Amna (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice towards Vitamin D among university students in Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 20(1).
58. Yasuji Inamo; Maki Hasegawa; Katsuya Saito; Rika Hayashi; Teruaki Ishikawa; Yayoi Yoshino; Koji Hashimoto; Tatsuo Fuchigami (2011). Serum vitamin D concentrations and associated severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Japanese hospitalized children., 53(2), 199–201.
2. Al Zarooni, Amal Abdul Rahim; Al Marzouqi, Fatima Ibrahim; Al Darmaki, Salma Hamad; Prinsloo, Engela Adriana Margrietha; Nagelkerke, Nico (2019). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated comorbidities among Abu Dhabi Emirates population. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 503–.
3. Alam, Uazman; Petropoulos, Ioannis N; Ponirakis, Georgios; Ferdousi, Maryam; Asghar, Omar; Jeziorska, Maria; Marshall, Andrew; Boulton, Andrew JM; Efron, Nathan; Malik, Rayaz A (2020). Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.
4. Allen, R. E., Dangour, A. D., Tedstone, A. E., & Chalabi, Z. (2015). Does fortification of staple foods improve vitamin D intakes and status of groups at risk of deficiency? A United Kingdom modeling study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 102(2), 338-344.
5. Bonjour, J. P., Benoit, V., Atkin, S., & Walrand, S. (2015). Fortification of yogurts with vitamin D and calcium enhances the inhibition of serum parathyroid hormone and bone resorption markers: a double blind randomized controlled trial in women over 60 living in a community dwelling home. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 19(5), 563-569.
6. Bouillon, Roger; Carmeliet, Geert (2018). Vitamin D insufficiency: definition, diagnosis and management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, (), S1521690X18301143.
7. Brown, J., Sandmann, A., Ignatius, A., Amling, M., & Barvencik, F. (2013). New perspectives on vitamin D food fortification based on a modeling of 25 (OH) D concentrations. Nutrition Journal, 12(1), 1-12.
8. Cashman, K.D., Sheehy, T. & O’Neill, C.M. Is vitamin D deficiency a public health concern for low middle income countries? A systematic literature reviews. Eur J Nutr 58, 433–453 (2019)
9. Dar, F. J., Iqbal, R., Ghani, F., Siddiqui, I., & Khan, A. H. (2012). Bone health status of premenopausal healthy adult females in Pakistani females. Archives of osteoporosis, 7(1), 93-99.
10. DeLuca HF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80 (6 Suppl): 1689–96.
11. Ebrahimzadeh A, Mohseni S, Narimani B, Ebrahimzadeh A, Kazemi S, Keshavarz F, Javad MY & Milajerdi A (2021) Association between vitamin D status and risk of covid-19 in-hospital mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.
12. Flynn, A., Hirvonen, T., Mensink, G. B., Ocké, M. C., Serra-Majem, L., Stos, K., ... & Wildemann, T. (2009). Intake of selected nutrients from foods, from fortification and from supplements in various European countries. Food & Nutrition Research, 53(1), 2038.
13. Grønborg, I. M., Tetens, I., Ege, M., Christensen, T., Andersen, E. W., & Andersen, R. (2019). Modelling of adequate and safe vitamin D intake in Danish women using different fortification and supplementation scenarios to inform fortification policies. European journal of nutrition, 58(1), 227-232.
14. Hirvonen, T., Sinkko, H., Valsta, L., Hannila, M. L., & Pietinen, P. (2007). Development of a model for optimal food fortification: vitamin D among adults in Finland. European journal of nutrition, 46(5), 264- 270.
15. Holick, Michael F. (2017). The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 18(2), 153–165.
16. Hovsepian, Silva; Amini, Massoud; Aminorroaya, Ashraf; Amini, Peyvand; Iraj, Bijan (2011). Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Adult Population of Isfahan City, Iran. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 29(2), –.
17. Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2004). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage. Schmidt, F. L., & Le, H. (2014).
18. Ince, Bilsev; Yildirim, Mehmet Emin Cem; Dadaci, Mehmet (2019). Assessing the Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Basal Cell Carcinoma Occurrence and Recurrence Rates in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Hormones and Cancer.
19. Iqbal, K., Islam, N., Mehboobali, N., Asghar, A., Iqbal, S. P., & Iqbal, M. P. (2019). Relationship of sociodemographic factors with serum levels of vitamin D in a healthy population of Pakistan. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 32(1), 29.
20. Jääskeläinen, T., Itkonen, S. T., Lundqvist, A., Erkkola, M., Koskela, T., Lakkala, K., ... & Lamberg- Allardt, C. (2017). The positive impact of general vitamin D food fortification policy on vitamin D status
21. in a representative adult Finnish population: evidence from an 11-y follow-up based on standardized 25- hydroxyvitamin D data. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105(6), 1512-1520.
22. Javed, R., Naz, S., Saleem, F., Aasim, M., & Zafar, R. (2018). A Review on Requirements for Vitamin D Fortification in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 57(2).
23. Jiang, Zhiwei, Pu, Rui, Li, Na, Chen, Chaozhen,Li, Jialu, Dai, Wei, Wang, Yuchen, Hu, Jinxing, Zhu, Danji, Yu, Qiong, Shi, Yuan, Yang, Guoli (2021).High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.
24. Junaid, K., Rehman, A., Jolliffe, D. A., Wood, K., & Martineau, A. R. (2015). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women of child-bearing age in Lahore Pakistan, associating with lack of sun exposure and illiteracy. BMC women's health, 15(1), 1-8.
25. Kaykhaei, M. A., Hashemi, M., Narouie, B., Shikhzadeh, A., Rashidi, H., Moulaei, N., & Ghavami, S. (2011). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 58(1), 37-41.
26. Khan, A. H., Fatima, S. S., Raheem, A., & Jafri, L. (2019). Are serum leptin levels predicted by lipoproteins, vitamin D and body composition?. World Journal of Diabetes, 10(4), 260.
27. Khan, A. H., Iqbal, R., Naureen, G., Dar, F. J., & Ahmed, F. N. (2012). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlates: results of a community-based study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Archives of osteoporosis, 7(1), 275-282.
28. Ko, S., Jun, C. & Nam, J. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the functional outcome in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vitamin D deficiency. J Orthop Surg Res 16, 571 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02717-7 J
29. Kozgar, Sheikh Arif M.; Chay, Paul; Munns, Craig F. (2020). Screening of vitamin D and calcium concentrations in neonates of mothers at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 332–
30. Kumar, S., Almani, Z., Almani, S. A., & Nazia, S. (2016). Relation of vitamin D level with demographic and lab feature for local population. Hemoglobin (Gm/dl), 10(11.9), 0-147.
31. Lowe, H., Cusano, N. E., Binkley, N., Blaner, W. S., & Bilezikian, J. P. (2011). Vitamin D toxicity due to a commonly available “over the counter” remedy from the Dominican Republic. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(2), 291-295.
32. Mahmood, K., Akhtar, S. T., Talib, A., & Haider, I. (2007). Vitamin-D status in a population of healthy adults in Pakistan. Methodology.
33. Mansoor, S., Habib, A., Ghani, F., Fatmi, Z., Badruddin, S., Mansoor, S., ... & Jabbar, A. (2010). Prevalence and significance of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among apparently healthy adults. Clinical biochemistry, 43(18), 1431-1435.
34. Maryam, S., Saba, S., Haider, W., Afzal, M., Mukhtar, S., Durrance-Bagale, A., . . . Ahmed, H. (2021). Community-based social and demographic assessment of knowledge,
35. McCourt, A., McNulty, B. A., Walton, J., & O'Sullivan, A. (2020). Efficacy and safety of food fortification to improve vitamin D intakes of older adults. Nutrition, 75, 110767.
36. Mehboobali, N., Iqbal, S. P., & Iqbal, M. P. (2015). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in a low income peri-urban community in Karachi. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 65(9), 946.
37. Mostafai, R., Mohammadi, R., Nachvak, S. M., Rezaei, M., Pasdar, Y., Abdollahzad, H., ... & Adeli, K. (2018). Fortified yogurt with vitamin D as a cost-effective food to prevent diabetes: a randomized double- blind clinical trial. Journal of functional foods, 42, 137-145.
38. Moyersoen, I., Devleesschauwer, B., Dekkers, A., Verkaik-Kloosterman, J., De Ridder, K., Vandevijvere, S., ... & Van Camp, J. (2019). A novel approach to optimize vitamin D intake in Belgium through fortification based on representative food consumption data. The Journal of Nutrition, 149(10), 1852-1862.
39. Mubashir, M., Anwar, S., Tareen, A. K., Mehboobali, N., Iqbal, K., & Iqbal, M. P. (2017). Association of vitamin D deficiency and VDBP gene polymorphism with the risk of AMI in a Pakistani population. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 33(6), 1349.
40. Mustafa, G., Asadi, M. A., Iqbal, I., & Bashir, N. (2018). Low vitamin D status in nursing Pakistani mothers in an environment of ample sunshine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1-7.
41. Nadeem, S., Munim, T. F., Hussain, H. F., & Hussain, D. F. (2018). Determinants of Vitamin D deficiency in asymptomatic healthy young medical students. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 34(5), 1248.
42. Nath, Karthik; Ganeshalingam, Vibooshini; Ewart, Barbara; Heyer, Elizabeth; Watt, Kerrianne; Birchley, Andrew; Casey, John; Lai, Hock Choong; Morris, Edward; Hodges, Georgina (2019). A retrospective
43. analysis of the prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency in myeloma patients in tropical Australia. Supportive Care in Cancer, (), –. doi:10.1007/s00520-019-04942-7
44. Nikooyeh, B., Neyestani, T. R., Zahedirad, M., Mohammadi, M., Hosseini, S. H., Abdollahi, Z., ... & Maleki, M. R. (2016). Vitamin D-fortified bread is as effective as supplement in improving vitamin D status: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 101(6), 2511- 2519.
45. Parameswaran, Priyatharshini; Vaidya, Pankaj C; Attri, Savita Verma; Angurana, Suresh Kumar; Vignesh, Pandiarajan; Singh, Meenu (2020). Vitamin D Deficiency: Prevalence and Association with Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Indian Children. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.
46. Pearce, S. H.; Cheetham, T. D (2010). Diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency.
47. Pettifor, John M. (2014). Calcium and Vitamin D Metabolism in Children in Developing Countries. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 64(s2), 15–22.
48. Piirainen, T., Laitinen, K., & Isolauri, E. (2007). Impact of national fortification of fluid milks and margarines with vitamin D on dietary intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in 4-year-old children. European journal of clinical nutrition, 61(1), 123-128.
49. Rehman, R., Lalani, S., Baig, M., Nizami, I., Rana, Z., & Gazzaz, Z. J. (2018). Association between vitamin D, reproductive hormones and sperm parameters in infertile male subjects. Frontiers in endocrinology, 9, 607.
50. Robbani S, Afaq S, Fazid S, et al. Correlation between maternal and neonatal blood vit D level: Study from pakistan . Maternal child nutrition. 2021 ;17: et 13028.
51. Roomi, M. A., Farooq, A., Ullah, E., & Lone, K. P. (2015). Hypovitaminosis D and its association with lifestyle factors. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 31(5), 1236.
52. Shamsi U, Khan S, Azam I, Habib Khan A, Maqbool A, Hanif M, et al. (2020) A multicenter case control study of association of vitamin D with breast cancer among women in Karachi, Pakistan. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0225402.
53. Sharif, S., Farasat, T., Shoaib, H., Saqib, M., & Fazal, S. (2013). Vitamin D levels among pregnant and lactating women. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 23(12), 862-865.
54. Siddiqee, M.H., Bhattacharjee, B., Siddiqi, U.R. et al. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 21, 1823 (2021).
55. Siddique AA, kumar J, Adeel M, Yaqoob U, Rajput MI, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children presenting with supracondylar fractures of humerus. Int J Clin Pract.v.
56. Tangpricha, V., Koutkia, P., Rieke, S. M., Chen, T. C., Perez, A. A., & Holick, M. F. (2003). Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D: a novel approach for enhancing vitamin D nutritional health. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 77(6), 1478-1483.
57. Tariq, Amina; Khan, Shanchita R.; Basharat, Amna (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice towards Vitamin D among university students in Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 20(1).
58. Yasuji Inamo; Maki Hasegawa; Katsuya Saito; Rika Hayashi; Teruaki Ishikawa; Yayoi Yoshino; Koji Hashimoto; Tatsuo Fuchigami (2011). Serum vitamin D concentrations and associated severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Japanese hospitalized children., 53(2), 199–201.
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Sep 7, 2024
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VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: LESSON FOR PAKISTAN, A META-ANALYSIS. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 456-468. https://doi.org/10.53555/nvnefx84
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Author Biographies
Munazza
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Women University Mardan, Pakistan
Muhammad Hanzala Yousfani
2nd year MBBS Student, Liaquat university of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan
Jabeen Atta
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bilawal Medical College Jamshoro, Pakistan
Bibi Qarar Syed
Human Nutrition Counsellor Organization: Benezir Nashuma Program (UNICEF), Pakistam
Zubair Ahmad
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan
Bilal Khan
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
Najma Mehboob
Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
Ayesha Bibi
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Women University Mardan, Pakistan
How to Cite
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: LESSON FOR PAKISTAN, A META-ANALYSIS. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9), 456-468. https://doi.org/10.53555/nvnefx84