CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME IN ONCOLOGIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH CAR-T
Main Article Content
Keywords
Chimeric Antigen Receptors, T-cell antigen Receptors, Pharmacological Treatment, Cytokine Release Syndrome.Cytokine Release Syndrome
Abstract
Background: The development and use of immunotherapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), has transformed cancer treatment. However, managing related toxicities remains a significant challenge.
Objectives: To provide an overview of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in cancer patients receiving CAR-T treatment, focusing on its clinical and therapeutic management.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to gather current knowledge and insights on CRS associated with CAR-T therapy. Sources included peer-reviewed journals, clinical studies, and expert reviews.
Results:
- Prevalence of CRS: CRS is a common toxicity in CAR-T therapy, with a variable incidence depending on the type of CAR-T product used and patient-specific factors.
- Clinical Presentation: CRS can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe, life-threatening manifestations, including high fever, hypotension, and multi-organ dysfunction.
- Challenges in Identification: Differentiating CRS from other conditions such as sepsis is challenging due to overlapping clinical features.
- Therapeutic Management: Management strategies include supportive care, corticosteroids, and cytokine inhibitors like tocilizumab. Early recognition and intervention are critical to improve patient outcomes.
Conclusion: Effective management of CRS in CAR-T cell therapy is vital to mitigate its potentially fatal consequences. Continued research and clinical vigilance are essential for improving the safety and efficacy of CAR-T treatments in cancer patients.
References
An, J., Zhao, J., Zou, P., Zhang, Y., Wei, J., Tian, W., & Wei, J. (2024). Infections associated with CAR‐T cell therapy in patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma: Risks and prevention strategies. Cancer Medicine, 13(12), e7372.
2. Biery, D. N., Turicek, D. P., Diorio, C., Schroeder, B. A., & Shah, N. N. (2024). Need for standardization of cytokine profiling in CAR T cell therapy. Molecular Therapy.
3. Bogacz, A., Bukowska, A., Bukowska, M., Olbromski, K., Łaba, A., Klupieć, R., & Jopek, K. (2024). Modern immunotherapy using CAR-T cells in haemato-oncology and solid tumours. Acta Haematologica Polonica, 55(1), 34-41.
4. Brudno, J. N., & Kochenderfer, J. N. (2024). Current understanding and management of CAR T cell-associated toxicities. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 1-21.
5. Camilli, M., Viscovo, M., Felici, T., Maggio, L., Ballacci, F., Carella, G., . . . Di Renzo, A. (2024). Inflammation and acute cardiotoxicity in adult haematological patients treated with CAR-T cells: results from a pilot proof-of-concept study. Cardio-Oncology, 10(1), 18.
6. Chang, J. S., & Kim, J. H. (2024). Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy, Who Had Previously Undergone Immunotherapy: A Case Report. Advances in Radiation Oncology, 9(7), 101513.
7. Chohan, K. L., Bansal, R., Hathcock, M. A., Paludo, J., Bennani, N. N., Johnston, P. B., . . . Ruff, M. W. (2024). Real-world associations of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity with efficacy in patients receiving anti-CD-19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma: the Mayo Clinic experience. Leukemia & Lymphoma, 65(3), 389-393.
8. Colomes, A., Ellouze, S., Fontaine, J.-P., Thieblemont, C., & Peyrony, O. (2024). Emergency department visits after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: a retrospective observational study. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(2), 155-157.
9. Ferreri, C. J., & Bhutani, M. (2024). Mechanisms and management of CAR T toxicity. Frontiers in Oncology, 14, 1396490.
10. Furqan, F., Bhatlapenumarthi, V., Dhakal, B., Fenske, T. S., Farrukh, F., Longo, W., . . . Murthy, G. S. G. (2024). Outpatient Administration of CAR T-cell Therapies Using a Strategy of No Remote Monitoring and Early Cytokine Release Syndrome Intervention. Blood Advances.
11. Galani, J., Gupta, T., Waheed, N., Sennhauser, S., & Abdou, M. (2024). Cytokine Release syndrome mediated myocarditis: a rare complication of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy—Journal of Cardiac Failure, 30(1), 255.
12. Goldsmith, S. R., Shouse, G., Wong, F. L., Bosworth, A., Iukuridze, A., Chen, S., . . . Janakiram, M. (2024). Clonal Hematopoiesis is Associated with Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients Treated with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CART) Therapy. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.
13. Hoyt, R., Ye, Z., & Dasgupta, A. (2024). Very unusual extremely high ferritin with cytokine release syndrome in a patient with haematological malignancy after experimental chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–T-Cell therapy. Clinica Chimica Acta, 559, 119704.
14. Irizarry Gatell, V. M., Huang, J., & Puglianini, O. A. C. (2024). CAR T-Cell Therapy Anesthesia for Oncological Surgery (pp. 35-44): Springer.
15. Javaid, S., Frasier, K., Aziz, N., Vinagolu-Baur, J., Zimmer, D., Bokhari, S. F. H., . . . Li, V. (2024). Elucidating the Intricacies of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) in Hematological Malignancies and the Associated Risk Factors: A National Study.
16. Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., Soodeen, S., Gopaul, D., Arozarena-Fundora, R., & Akpaka, P. E. (2024). The Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy: Unlocking the Potential of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment.
17. Kagoya, Y. (2024). Cytokine signalling in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. International immunology, 36(2), 49-56.
18. Ko, J. S., Lee, J. H., Yoon, D. H., Suh, C. H., Chung, S. R., Choi, Y. J., & Baek, J. H. (2024). CT Demonstration of Local Cytokine-Release Syndrome Involving the Head and Neck Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Infusion Therapy. Korean Journal of Radiology, 25(4), 399.
19. León-Román, J., Iacoboni, G., Bermejo, S., Carpio, C., Bolufer, M., García-Carro, C., . . . Barba, P. (2024). Transient acute kidney injury after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with haematological malignancies. Clinical Kidney Journal, 17(3), sfae027.
20. Lin, M.-Y., Nam, E., Shih, R. M., Shafer, A., Bouren, A., Ayala Ceja, M., . . . Kim, M. (2024). Self-regulating CAR-T cells modulate cytokine release syndrome in adoptive T-cell therapy—Journal of Experimental Medicine, 221(6), e20221988.
21. Liu, X. (2024). Anti-cytokine strategies targeting CAR-T cell therapy-induced cytokine release syndrome. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed2023).
22. Luo, T., Lu, Z., Wu, Z., Dong, Y., Zhu, Y., Feng, M., . . . Zhu, D. (2024). Abstract CT069: Targeting EpCAM via CAR T-cells is an effective treatment for gastric cancer patients, and subsequent toll-like receptor signalling activation in CD36+ monocytes underlies the resulting cytokine release syndrome. Cancer Research, 84(7_Supplement), CT069-CT069.
23. Mammadzadeh, A., Bansal, R., Alkhateeb, H. B., Ansell, S., Bennani, N. N., Binder, M., . . . Hampel, P. (2024). Metformin and Cytokine Release Syndrome after Immune Effector Cell Therapy. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S396-S397.
24. Mihalyova, J., Ahmad, S., Handa, S., Azzi, J., Rossi, A., Richard, S., . . . Ibrahim, U. (2024). Characterization of Infectious Complications during the Expected Duration of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) in Patients Receiving CAR T Cell Therapy–Are We Over-Treating with Anti-Microbials? Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S181.
25. Müller, A. (2024). Rare Adverse Events of CAR T-Cell Therapy. healthbook TIMES Oncology Hematology, 19(1), 42-49.
26. Nakamura, N., Jo, T., Arai, Y., Kitawaki, T., Nishikori, M., Mizumoto, C., . . . Takaori-Kondo, A. (2024). Clinical Impact of Cytokine Release Syndrome on Prolonged Hematotoxicity after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: KyoTox A-Score, a Novel Prediction Model. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(4), 404-414.
27. Ntwali, F., Gilliaux, Q., & Honoré, P. M. (2024). Nivolumab-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. The American Journal of Case Reports, 25, e941835-941831.
28. Patton, L., Monteith, B., Heffernan, P., Herzinger, T., & Wilson, B. E. (2024). Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/cytokine release syndrome secondary to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab for triple-negative breast cancer: a case study. Frontiers in Oncology, 14.
29. Perna, F., Parekh, S., Diorio, C., Smith, M., Subklewe, M., Mehta, R., . . . Shah, N. N. (2024). CAR T cell Toxicities: Bedside to Bench-How Novel Toxicities Inform Laboratory Investigations. Blood Advances, bloodadvances. 2024013044.
30. Pratta, M., Volkova, A., DiPersio, J. F., Maziarz, R. T., Lazaryan, A., Feldman, P., . . . Morariu-Zamfir, R. (2024). JAK1 Inhibition during CAR-T Cell Treatment Results in Reduction in Various Cytokines That Correlate with Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Immune Effector Cell (IEC)–Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) Grades. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S181-S182.
31. Pu, Y., Zhao, Y., Qi, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Xiao, X., . . . Xu, K. (2024). Multi-centre experience using therapeutic plasma exchange for corticosteroid/tocilizumab-refractory cytokine release syndrome following CAR-T therapy. International Immunopharmacology, 130, 111761.
32. Qureshi, Z., Altaf, F., Jamil, A., & Siddique, R. Optimization Strategies in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cytopenia, HLH/MAS, and Other Adverse Events. American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1097.
33. Salvino, M. A., Mussetti, A., Rizky, D., Pena, M. D., Paviglianiti, A., Carreira, A. S., & Sureda, A. (2024). CAR-T Cell Therapy and the Onco-Nephrologist. Frontiers in Nephrology, 4, 1378250.
34. Santurio, D., Barros, L. R., Glauche, I., & Fassoni, A. C. (2024). Mathematical modelling unveils the timeline of CAR-T cell therapy and macrophage-mediated cytokine release syndrome. bioRxiv, 2024.2004. 2023.590738.
35. Slade, M., Rettig, M. P., Crees, Z. D., Mehta-Shah, N., Bartlett, N. L., Fehniger, T. A., . . . Westervelt, P. (2024). Phase I Study of Duvelisib Study for Cytokine Release Syndrome Prophylaxis in Patients Receiving Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Treatment for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S118-S119.
36. Soltantabar, P., Sharma, S., Wang, D., Lon, H. K., Czibere, A., Hickmann, A., & Elmeliegy, M. (2024). Impact of Treatment Modality and Route of Administration on Cytokine Release Syndrome in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Meta‐Analysis. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 115(6), 1258-1268.
37. Stankiewicz, J., Richert-Przygońska, M., Czyżewski, K., Dębski, R., Kubicka, M., Kuryło-Rafińska, B., . . . Marquardt, E. Kinetics of CAR-T cells and immunological profile after tisagenlecleucel therapy.
38. Tanaka, T., Taoka, M., Makimoto, G., Ninomiya, K., Higo, H., Fujii, M., . . . Tabata, M. (2024). Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome and Immune Effector Cell-associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome in a Man Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer. Internal Medicine, 63(9), 1261-1267.
39. Tang, H., Li, Y. X., & Wang, S. S. Y. (2024). Cytokine Release Syndrome in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy and Coagulopathies: Springer.
40. Walton, Z. E., Frigault, M. J., & Maus, M. V. (2024). Current and emerging pharmacotherapies for cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome due to CAR T cell therapy. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 25(3), 263-279.
41. Wang, L., Lv, Y., Zhou, L., Wu, S., Zhu, Y., Fu, S., . . . Yu, H. (2024). Cytokine-based models for efficient differentiation between infection and cytokine release syndrome in patients with haematological malignancies. Experimental Hematology & Oncology, 13(1), 28.
42. Yang, S., Xu, J., Dai, Y., Jin, S., Sun, Y., Li, J., . . . Chen, L. (2024). Neutrophil activation and clonal CAR-T re-expansion underpinning cytokine release syndrome during ciltacabtagene autoleucel therapy in multiple myeloma. Nature Communications, 15(1), 360.
43. Zakhour, J., Akkawi, A. R., Alqam, A., Karam, W., Shah, R. N., & Mattar, B. I. (2024). Influence of gender on acute kidney injury among patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapy: Insights from National Inpatient Sample: American Society of Clinical Oncology.
44. Zheng, N., Long, Y., Bai, Z., Li, J., Wang, H., Song, D.-D., . . . Zhao, S. (2024). Melatonin as an immunomodulator in CD19-targeting CAR-T cell therapy: managing cytokine release syndrome—Journal of Translational Medicine, 22(1), 58.
45. Zhou, Z., Zhang, G., Xu, Y., Yang, S., Wang, J., Li, Z., . . . Lu, Q. (2024). The underlying mechanism of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy triggering secondary T-cell cancers: mystery of the Sphinx? Cancer Letters, 217083.
2. Biery, D. N., Turicek, D. P., Diorio, C., Schroeder, B. A., & Shah, N. N. (2024). Need for standardization of cytokine profiling in CAR T cell therapy. Molecular Therapy.
3. Bogacz, A., Bukowska, A., Bukowska, M., Olbromski, K., Łaba, A., Klupieć, R., & Jopek, K. (2024). Modern immunotherapy using CAR-T cells in haemato-oncology and solid tumours. Acta Haematologica Polonica, 55(1), 34-41.
4. Brudno, J. N., & Kochenderfer, J. N. (2024). Current understanding and management of CAR T cell-associated toxicities. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 1-21.
5. Camilli, M., Viscovo, M., Felici, T., Maggio, L., Ballacci, F., Carella, G., . . . Di Renzo, A. (2024). Inflammation and acute cardiotoxicity in adult haematological patients treated with CAR-T cells: results from a pilot proof-of-concept study. Cardio-Oncology, 10(1), 18.
6. Chang, J. S., & Kim, J. H. (2024). Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy, Who Had Previously Undergone Immunotherapy: A Case Report. Advances in Radiation Oncology, 9(7), 101513.
7. Chohan, K. L., Bansal, R., Hathcock, M. A., Paludo, J., Bennani, N. N., Johnston, P. B., . . . Ruff, M. W. (2024). Real-world associations of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity with efficacy in patients receiving anti-CD-19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma: the Mayo Clinic experience. Leukemia & Lymphoma, 65(3), 389-393.
8. Colomes, A., Ellouze, S., Fontaine, J.-P., Thieblemont, C., & Peyrony, O. (2024). Emergency department visits after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: a retrospective observational study. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(2), 155-157.
9. Ferreri, C. J., & Bhutani, M. (2024). Mechanisms and management of CAR T toxicity. Frontiers in Oncology, 14, 1396490.
10. Furqan, F., Bhatlapenumarthi, V., Dhakal, B., Fenske, T. S., Farrukh, F., Longo, W., . . . Murthy, G. S. G. (2024). Outpatient Administration of CAR T-cell Therapies Using a Strategy of No Remote Monitoring and Early Cytokine Release Syndrome Intervention. Blood Advances.
11. Galani, J., Gupta, T., Waheed, N., Sennhauser, S., & Abdou, M. (2024). Cytokine Release syndrome mediated myocarditis: a rare complication of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy—Journal of Cardiac Failure, 30(1), 255.
12. Goldsmith, S. R., Shouse, G., Wong, F. L., Bosworth, A., Iukuridze, A., Chen, S., . . . Janakiram, M. (2024). Clonal Hematopoiesis is Associated with Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients Treated with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CART) Therapy. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.
13. Hoyt, R., Ye, Z., & Dasgupta, A. (2024). Very unusual extremely high ferritin with cytokine release syndrome in a patient with haematological malignancy after experimental chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–T-Cell therapy. Clinica Chimica Acta, 559, 119704.
14. Irizarry Gatell, V. M., Huang, J., & Puglianini, O. A. C. (2024). CAR T-Cell Therapy Anesthesia for Oncological Surgery (pp. 35-44): Springer.
15. Javaid, S., Frasier, K., Aziz, N., Vinagolu-Baur, J., Zimmer, D., Bokhari, S. F. H., . . . Li, V. (2024). Elucidating the Intricacies of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) in Hematological Malignancies and the Associated Risk Factors: A National Study.
16. Justiz-Vaillant, A. A., Soodeen, S., Gopaul, D., Arozarena-Fundora, R., & Akpaka, P. E. (2024). The Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy: Unlocking the Potential of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment.
17. Kagoya, Y. (2024). Cytokine signalling in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. International immunology, 36(2), 49-56.
18. Ko, J. S., Lee, J. H., Yoon, D. H., Suh, C. H., Chung, S. R., Choi, Y. J., & Baek, J. H. (2024). CT Demonstration of Local Cytokine-Release Syndrome Involving the Head and Neck Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Infusion Therapy. Korean Journal of Radiology, 25(4), 399.
19. León-Román, J., Iacoboni, G., Bermejo, S., Carpio, C., Bolufer, M., García-Carro, C., . . . Barba, P. (2024). Transient acute kidney injury after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with haematological malignancies. Clinical Kidney Journal, 17(3), sfae027.
20. Lin, M.-Y., Nam, E., Shih, R. M., Shafer, A., Bouren, A., Ayala Ceja, M., . . . Kim, M. (2024). Self-regulating CAR-T cells modulate cytokine release syndrome in adoptive T-cell therapy—Journal of Experimental Medicine, 221(6), e20221988.
21. Liu, X. (2024). Anti-cytokine strategies targeting CAR-T cell therapy-induced cytokine release syndrome. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed2023).
22. Luo, T., Lu, Z., Wu, Z., Dong, Y., Zhu, Y., Feng, M., . . . Zhu, D. (2024). Abstract CT069: Targeting EpCAM via CAR T-cells is an effective treatment for gastric cancer patients, and subsequent toll-like receptor signalling activation in CD36+ monocytes underlies the resulting cytokine release syndrome. Cancer Research, 84(7_Supplement), CT069-CT069.
23. Mammadzadeh, A., Bansal, R., Alkhateeb, H. B., Ansell, S., Bennani, N. N., Binder, M., . . . Hampel, P. (2024). Metformin and Cytokine Release Syndrome after Immune Effector Cell Therapy. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S396-S397.
24. Mihalyova, J., Ahmad, S., Handa, S., Azzi, J., Rossi, A., Richard, S., . . . Ibrahim, U. (2024). Characterization of Infectious Complications during the Expected Duration of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) in Patients Receiving CAR T Cell Therapy–Are We Over-Treating with Anti-Microbials? Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S181.
25. Müller, A. (2024). Rare Adverse Events of CAR T-Cell Therapy. healthbook TIMES Oncology Hematology, 19(1), 42-49.
26. Nakamura, N., Jo, T., Arai, Y., Kitawaki, T., Nishikori, M., Mizumoto, C., . . . Takaori-Kondo, A. (2024). Clinical Impact of Cytokine Release Syndrome on Prolonged Hematotoxicity after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: KyoTox A-Score, a Novel Prediction Model. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(4), 404-414.
27. Ntwali, F., Gilliaux, Q., & Honoré, P. M. (2024). Nivolumab-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. The American Journal of Case Reports, 25, e941835-941831.
28. Patton, L., Monteith, B., Heffernan, P., Herzinger, T., & Wilson, B. E. (2024). Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/cytokine release syndrome secondary to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab for triple-negative breast cancer: a case study. Frontiers in Oncology, 14.
29. Perna, F., Parekh, S., Diorio, C., Smith, M., Subklewe, M., Mehta, R., . . . Shah, N. N. (2024). CAR T cell Toxicities: Bedside to Bench-How Novel Toxicities Inform Laboratory Investigations. Blood Advances, bloodadvances. 2024013044.
30. Pratta, M., Volkova, A., DiPersio, J. F., Maziarz, R. T., Lazaryan, A., Feldman, P., . . . Morariu-Zamfir, R. (2024). JAK1 Inhibition during CAR-T Cell Treatment Results in Reduction in Various Cytokines That Correlate with Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Immune Effector Cell (IEC)–Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) Grades. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S181-S182.
31. Pu, Y., Zhao, Y., Qi, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Xiao, X., . . . Xu, K. (2024). Multi-centre experience using therapeutic plasma exchange for corticosteroid/tocilizumab-refractory cytokine release syndrome following CAR-T therapy. International Immunopharmacology, 130, 111761.
32. Qureshi, Z., Altaf, F., Jamil, A., & Siddique, R. Optimization Strategies in CAR T-cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Cytopenia, HLH/MAS, and Other Adverse Events. American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1097.
33. Salvino, M. A., Mussetti, A., Rizky, D., Pena, M. D., Paviglianiti, A., Carreira, A. S., & Sureda, A. (2024). CAR-T Cell Therapy and the Onco-Nephrologist. Frontiers in Nephrology, 4, 1378250.
34. Santurio, D., Barros, L. R., Glauche, I., & Fassoni, A. C. (2024). Mathematical modelling unveils the timeline of CAR-T cell therapy and macrophage-mediated cytokine release syndrome. bioRxiv, 2024.2004. 2023.590738.
35. Slade, M., Rettig, M. P., Crees, Z. D., Mehta-Shah, N., Bartlett, N. L., Fehniger, T. A., . . . Westervelt, P. (2024). Phase I Study of Duvelisib Study for Cytokine Release Syndrome Prophylaxis in Patients Receiving Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Treatment for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Official Publication of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 30(2), S118-S119.
36. Soltantabar, P., Sharma, S., Wang, D., Lon, H. K., Czibere, A., Hickmann, A., & Elmeliegy, M. (2024). Impact of Treatment Modality and Route of Administration on Cytokine Release Syndrome in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Meta‐Analysis. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 115(6), 1258-1268.
37. Stankiewicz, J., Richert-Przygońska, M., Czyżewski, K., Dębski, R., Kubicka, M., Kuryło-Rafińska, B., . . . Marquardt, E. Kinetics of CAR-T cells and immunological profile after tisagenlecleucel therapy.
38. Tanaka, T., Taoka, M., Makimoto, G., Ninomiya, K., Higo, H., Fujii, M., . . . Tabata, M. (2024). Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome and Immune Effector Cell-associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome in a Man Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer. Internal Medicine, 63(9), 1261-1267.
39. Tang, H., Li, Y. X., & Wang, S. S. Y. (2024). Cytokine Release Syndrome in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy and Coagulopathies: Springer.
40. Walton, Z. E., Frigault, M. J., & Maus, M. V. (2024). Current and emerging pharmacotherapies for cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome due to CAR T cell therapy. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 25(3), 263-279.
41. Wang, L., Lv, Y., Zhou, L., Wu, S., Zhu, Y., Fu, S., . . . Yu, H. (2024). Cytokine-based models for efficient differentiation between infection and cytokine release syndrome in patients with haematological malignancies. Experimental Hematology & Oncology, 13(1), 28.
42. Yang, S., Xu, J., Dai, Y., Jin, S., Sun, Y., Li, J., . . . Chen, L. (2024). Neutrophil activation and clonal CAR-T re-expansion underpinning cytokine release syndrome during ciltacabtagene autoleucel therapy in multiple myeloma. Nature Communications, 15(1), 360.
43. Zakhour, J., Akkawi, A. R., Alqam, A., Karam, W., Shah, R. N., & Mattar, B. I. (2024). Influence of gender on acute kidney injury among patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapy: Insights from National Inpatient Sample: American Society of Clinical Oncology.
44. Zheng, N., Long, Y., Bai, Z., Li, J., Wang, H., Song, D.-D., . . . Zhao, S. (2024). Melatonin as an immunomodulator in CD19-targeting CAR-T cell therapy: managing cytokine release syndrome—Journal of Translational Medicine, 22(1), 58.
45. Zhou, Z., Zhang, G., Xu, Y., Yang, S., Wang, J., Li, Z., . . . Lu, Q. (2024). The underlying mechanism of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy triggering secondary T-cell cancers: mystery of the Sphinx? Cancer Letters, 217083.
Article Sidebar
Published
Aug 26, 2024
Article Details
How to Cite
CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME IN ONCOLOGIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH CAR-T. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 1541-1555. https://doi.org/10.53555/jtg01q49
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author Biographies
Michel Bolis
MD, Clinical Laboratory, USA
Muhammad Waqas
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
Nosheen Akhtar
Univeristy Nursing College, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Sana Kainat
ANMCH, Isra University (Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Sri Pranita Cherukuri
MBBS; MPH, Columbia University, New York, United States
How to Cite
CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME IN ONCOLOGIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH CAR-T. (2024). Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(8), 1541-1555. https://doi.org/10.53555/jtg01q49