DIABETIC FOOT MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS: CDA HOSPITAL, ISLAMABAD
Main Article Content
Keywords
Diabetic Foot, Neuropathy, Hyperlipidemia
Abstract
Background: Diabetes can cause damage to the nerves and also can cause poor flow of blood. It can lead to serious problems with the foot.
Aim of the Study: This research aimed to collect data on the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers, analyze current management strategies and impact, identify primary risk factors, design a comprehensive care model, and assess the cost-effectiveness of diabetic foot management strategies.
Methodology: It was an observational cross-sectional study. This study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024. 250 participants with confirmed diagnosis of diabetic foot were included in the study according to inclusion criteria. Medical history and demographic information, monitoring of blood glucose levels, and patient education about foot care, foot care techniques, outcomes, and complications will be included in the data set.
Results: The study involved 250 individuals with an average age of 58.4 years. On average, the participants had been living with diabetes for 12.5 years. A significant proportion of the group had other health conditions such as hypertension (HTN) 52%, hyperlipidemia 36%, and neuropathy 64%. The average fasting blood glucose level was 142.6 mg/dL. Foot ulcers were significantly lower among educated patients 13.3% compared to uneducated patients 40%. Wound healing time was also shorter for educated patients, averaging 7.5 weeks compared to 10.1 weeks for uneducated patients with a p<0.001
Conclusion: This study concluded that males are more affected by diabetic foot than females, and many patients had comorbidities like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and neuropathy. High blood glucose level is associated with health challenges and complications.
Aim of the Study: This research aimed to collect data on the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers, analyze current management strategies and impact, identify primary risk factors, design a comprehensive care model, and assess the cost-effectiveness of diabetic foot management strategies.
Methodology: It was an observational cross-sectional study. This study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024. 250 participants with confirmed diagnosis of diabetic foot were included in the study according to inclusion criteria. Medical history and demographic information, monitoring of blood glucose levels, and patient education about foot care, foot care techniques, outcomes, and complications will be included in the data set.
Results: The study involved 250 individuals with an average age of 58.4 years. On average, the participants had been living with diabetes for 12.5 years. A significant proportion of the group had other health conditions such as hypertension (HTN) 52%, hyperlipidemia 36%, and neuropathy 64%. The average fasting blood glucose level was 142.6 mg/dL. Foot ulcers were significantly lower among educated patients 13.3% compared to uneducated patients 40%. Wound healing time was also shorter for educated patients, averaging 7.5 weeks compared to 10.1 weeks for uneducated patients with a p<0.001
Conclusion: This study concluded that males are more affected by diabetic foot than females, and many patients had comorbidities like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and neuropathy. High blood glucose level is associated with health challenges and complications.
References
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3. Iversen MM, Tell GS, Riise T, Hanestad BR, Østbye T, Graue M, et al. History of foot ulcer increases mortality among individuals with diabetes: Ten-year follow-up of the Nord-Trøndelag health study, Norway. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(12):2193–9.
4. Boulton AJ, Vileikyte L, Ragnarson-Tennvall G, Apelqvist J. The global burden of diabetic foot disease. Lancet [Internet]. 2005 Nov 12 [cited 2024 Jun 3];366(9498):1719–24. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673605676982/fulltext
5. Lepäntalo M, Apelqvist J, Setacci C, Ricco JB, De Donato G, Becker F, et al. Chapter V: Diabetic foot. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;42(SUPPL. 2):60–74.
6. Holstein P, Ellitsgaard N, Bornefeldt Olsen B, Ellitsgaard V. Decreasing incidence of major amputations in people with diabetes. Vasa - J Vasc Dis. 2001;30(SUPPL. 58):28–31.
7. Rasmussen A, Almdal T, Anker Nielsen A, Nielsen KE, Jørgensen ME, Hangaard S, et al. Decreasing incidence of foot ulcer among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the period 2001–2014. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2017 Aug 1 [cited 2024 Jun 3];130:221–8. Available from: http://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168822717300785/fulltext
8. Reiber GE, Lipsky BA, Gibbons GW. The burden of diabetic foot ulcers. Am J Surg. 1998;176(2 A):5S-10S.
9. Kärvestedt L, Mårtensson E, Grill V, Elofsson S, Von Wendt G, Hamsten A, et al. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in a population-based study of patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden. J Diabetes Complications. 2011 Mar 1;25(2):97–106.
10. Ramsey SD, Newton K, Blough D, McCulloch DK, Sandhu N, Reiber GE, et al. Incidence, outcomes, and cost of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(3):382–7.
11. Zhang P, Lu J, Jing Y, Tang S, Zhu D, Bi Y. Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis†. Ann Med. 2017;49(2):106–16.
12. Pecoraro RE, Reiber GE, Burgess EM. Pathways to Diabetic Limb Amputation Basis for Prevention An identifiable and potentially preventable pivotal event, in most cases an episode involving minor. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 1990;13(513):21. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/13/5/513.full.pdf
13. Landau Z, Schattner A. Progress in care of the diabetic foot [7]. Lancet. 1999;354(9184):1125–6.
14. Bolton L. Managing Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Wounds [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Jun 3];30(12). Available from: https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/wounds /evidence-corner/managing-patients-diabetic-foot-ulcers
15. Ur Rehman Z, Khan J, Noordin S. Diabetic foot ulcers: Contemporary assessment and management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(7):1480–7.
16. Yetzer EA. Incorporating foot care education into diabetic foot screening. Rehabil Nurs. 2004;29(3):80–4.
17. Syed F, Arif MA, Afzal M, Niazi R, Ramzan A, Hashmi UEL. Foot-care behaviour amongst diabetic patients attending a federal care hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69(1):58–63.
18. Fahd Shah Ann Pak S, Fahd Shah S, Hameed S, Khawaja Z, Abdullah T, Waqar SH, et al. Evaluation and Management of Diabetic Foot: A Multicenter study… Evaluation and Management of Diabetic Foot: A Multicenter study conducted at Rawalpindi, Islamabad. Inst Med Sci. 2011;7(4):233–7.
19. D Hodges, V N Kumar JBR. Management of the diabetic foot - PubMed [Internet]. Am Fam Physician. 1986 [cited 2024 Jun 4]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3706096/
2. Raspovic KM, Wukich DK. Self-reported quality of life and diabetic foot infections. J Foot Ankle Surg [Internet]. 2014;53(6):716–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2014.06.011
3. Iversen MM, Tell GS, Riise T, Hanestad BR, Østbye T, Graue M, et al. History of foot ulcer increases mortality among individuals with diabetes: Ten-year follow-up of the Nord-Trøndelag health study, Norway. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(12):2193–9.
4. Boulton AJ, Vileikyte L, Ragnarson-Tennvall G, Apelqvist J. The global burden of diabetic foot disease. Lancet [Internet]. 2005 Nov 12 [cited 2024 Jun 3];366(9498):1719–24. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673605676982/fulltext
5. Lepäntalo M, Apelqvist J, Setacci C, Ricco JB, De Donato G, Becker F, et al. Chapter V: Diabetic foot. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;42(SUPPL. 2):60–74.
6. Holstein P, Ellitsgaard N, Bornefeldt Olsen B, Ellitsgaard V. Decreasing incidence of major amputations in people with diabetes. Vasa - J Vasc Dis. 2001;30(SUPPL. 58):28–31.
7. Rasmussen A, Almdal T, Anker Nielsen A, Nielsen KE, Jørgensen ME, Hangaard S, et al. Decreasing incidence of foot ulcer among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the period 2001–2014. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2017 Aug 1 [cited 2024 Jun 3];130:221–8. Available from: http://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168822717300785/fulltext
8. Reiber GE, Lipsky BA, Gibbons GW. The burden of diabetic foot ulcers. Am J Surg. 1998;176(2 A):5S-10S.
9. Kärvestedt L, Mårtensson E, Grill V, Elofsson S, Von Wendt G, Hamsten A, et al. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in a population-based study of patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden. J Diabetes Complications. 2011 Mar 1;25(2):97–106.
10. Ramsey SD, Newton K, Blough D, McCulloch DK, Sandhu N, Reiber GE, et al. Incidence, outcomes, and cost of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(3):382–7.
11. Zhang P, Lu J, Jing Y, Tang S, Zhu D, Bi Y. Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis†. Ann Med. 2017;49(2):106–16.
12. Pecoraro RE, Reiber GE, Burgess EM. Pathways to Diabetic Limb Amputation Basis for Prevention An identifiable and potentially preventable pivotal event, in most cases an episode involving minor. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 1990;13(513):21. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/13/5/513.full.pdf
13. Landau Z, Schattner A. Progress in care of the diabetic foot [7]. Lancet. 1999;354(9184):1125–6.
14. Bolton L. Managing Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Wounds [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Jun 3];30(12). Available from: https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/wounds /evidence-corner/managing-patients-diabetic-foot-ulcers
15. Ur Rehman Z, Khan J, Noordin S. Diabetic foot ulcers: Contemporary assessment and management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(7):1480–7.
16. Yetzer EA. Incorporating foot care education into diabetic foot screening. Rehabil Nurs. 2004;29(3):80–4.
17. Syed F, Arif MA, Afzal M, Niazi R, Ramzan A, Hashmi UEL. Foot-care behaviour amongst diabetic patients attending a federal care hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69(1):58–63.
18. Fahd Shah Ann Pak S, Fahd Shah S, Hameed S, Khawaja Z, Abdullah T, Waqar SH, et al. Evaluation and Management of Diabetic Foot: A Multicenter study… Evaluation and Management of Diabetic Foot: A Multicenter study conducted at Rawalpindi, Islamabad. Inst Med Sci. 2011;7(4):233–7.
19. D Hodges, V N Kumar JBR. Management of the diabetic foot - PubMed [Internet]. Am Fam Physician. 1986 [cited 2024 Jun 4]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3706096/
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Published
Jun 11, 2024
Article Details
How to Cite
Shaukat Hussain, Sarwar Malik, Muhammad Akram Khan, & Kainat Rashid. (2024). DIABETIC FOOT MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS: CDA HOSPITAL, ISLAMABAD. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(6), 967–971. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.6593
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Author Biographies
Shaukat Hussain
MBBS, FCPS Medicine, Fellow Endocrinology, Assistant Professor (AJKMC), CDA Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sarwar Malik
MBBS, FCPS Medicine, FCPS Endocrinology, CDA Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Akram Khan
MBBS, FCPS Medicine, Fellow Endocrinology, CDA Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan
Kainat Rashid
MBBS, House Officer, Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences Muzaffarabad, AJK, Pakistan