ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE TRENDS IN WOUND PATHOGENS: A STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Wound infection, Bacteria, MDR, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacterial pathogens, Pakistan
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate prevalent bacterial pathogens causing wound infections
and their antibiotic resistance patterns among patients at a Tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.
The primary focus was to identify geographic-specific resistance trends and clinical implications for
effective management strategies.
Methodology: Samples collected from patients presenting with microbiological infection signs at
Tertiary care hospital from February 23rd, 2022, to August 23rd, 2023, included 243 plus specimens.
The selection of Peshawar as the study site factored in its geographical specificity, potentially
impacting bacterial prevalence and resistance patterns. The collection utilized cotton swabs, and
subsequent processing employed the streak plate method and inoculation onto Blood agar, chocolate
agar, and MacConkey agar for optimal bacterial growth. Microbiological assays and specialized tests
were performed, including Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Test, Motility Indole Urease (MIU) Test, Simmons
Citrate Test, Bile Esculin Agar, Catalase Test, Coagulase Test, Oxidase Test, and Antibiotic
Susceptibility Test via disc diffusion method.
Results: Analysis revealed prevalent pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Escherichia coli
(24%), Pseudomonas (24%), Klebsiella spp. (10%), Streptococcus (4%), Proteus spp. (3%),
Acinetobacter spp. (3%), and Enterococcus (2%). Notably, Gram-positive bacteria displayed
resistance to Cephalosporins but sensitivity to Carbapenems. Conversely, Gram-negative bacteria
exhibited substantial antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic Resistance: The study found high resistance rates
in Staph. aureus (92% to Cefixime and 94% to Ceftazidime). One potential reason for the increased
antibiotic resistance observed, as indicated in this study, could be the overuse or inappropriate use of
antibiotics.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the need for specific strategies to reduce antibiotic resistance in pus
samples. Resistance percentages and prevalence statistics, analyzed, have yielded significant findings.
These findings underscore the critical need for tailored treatments, stringent antibiotic management,
and coordinated policy actions
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Shahid Ahmad
Medical Officer, General Practice, Begum Ali Muhammad Medical Center, Pakistan,
Amina Farrukh Alavi
Medical Officer, General Practice, Begum Ali Muhammad Medical Center, Pakistan,
Dr. Madeeha Minhas
PhD Scholar, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Asma Javid
MBBS, DipAviMed, MPhil College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz
Hafiz Aamir Ali Kharl
Visiting Lecturer, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Multan Campus, Pakistan