BASELINE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND INTERFERON INDUCED DEPRESSION INHEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Baseline Social Support, Hepatitis C, Interferon alpha therapy, Depression
Abstract
Main objective of the current research was to examine the effect of baseline social support as a risk factor on the subsequent development of interferon induced depression in hepatitis C patients. The sample consisted of N=59 female patients ranging in 31 to 64 years of age (M, 55.62, SD, 06.25) being diagnosed and scheduled for interferon treatment were selected from different hospitals of Peshawar. As an analytic approach the Interrupted Time Series Design was used. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, D.G, Dahlem, Zimet, S.G & Farley, 1988) was used to classify participants into low and high scorers. To measure depression in patients before, during, and after end of the therapy, the Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale (Siddiqui, & Shah, 1997) was administered. Findings demonstrated that social support before the therapy had significant effect on reducing the levels of depression in hepatitis C patients before, during and after end of the treatment. The data support hypotheses and conclude that at baseline low level of social support is one of the major risk factor for subsequent development of depression during the course of interferon treatment. The findings have important implications in clinical settings by suggesting an utmost of systematic screening at baseline of the risk factors fundamental for effective interferon treatment and for welfare of patients and neuropsychiatric safety of the treatment.
References
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2. Bacon, B.R. (2004). Managing hepatitis C. American Journal of Management Care, 2, 530-40.
3. Baranyi, A, Meinitzer, A, Stepan, A, Putz-Bankuti, C, Breitenecker, R.J, Stauber,. . . & Rothenhäusler,H,B.(2014). A biopsychosocial model of interferon-alpha-induced depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C Infection DOI: 10.1159/000348587
4. Baron & L.A, & Mullen, B. (1990). Social Support and immune function among spouses of cancer patients. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 344-52.
5. Barrera, M. (1986). Distinction between social support, concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(14):413-45.Doi:10. 1007/bf00922627
6. Brewin, C. R; Andrew, B; & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma exposed adults. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748-66. Doi: 10. 1037/0022-66x.68.5.748
7. Brislin, R.W. (1973). Cross cultural research methods. New York: John Wiley & sons.
8. Capuron, L; Ravaud, A; Miller, A.H, & Dantzer, R. (2004).Baseline mood and psychosocial characteristics of patients developing depressive symptoms during interleukin-2 and or interferon alpha cancer therapy.Brain Behavior Immunology, 18, 205-213.
9. Casey, P. R; Dunn, G; Kelly, B.D; Birkbeck, G; Dalgard, O. S; . . . Dowrick, C. (2006). Factors associated with suicidal ideation in general population. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 410-15. Doi: 10. 1192/bjp.bp.105.017368
10. Chu, P. S; Saucier, D. A; & Hafner, E. (2010). Meta analysis of the relationship between social support and well bing in children and adolescents. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 623-45. Doi: 10. 1521/jsp.2110.29.6.624
11. Cohen, S; & Will, T. A. (1985). Stress social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, (2):310-57. Doi: 10. 1037/003302909.98.2.310
12. Dieperink, E; Willenbring, M. & Ho, S.B. (2000). Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with hepatitis C and interferon alpha. A review.American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 867-76.
13. Eisenberger, N. I; Taylor, S.E; Gable, S. L; Hilmert, C. J, & Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Neural pathways link social support toattenuatedneuroendocrinesstressresponse.Neurology,35,160112.Retrievedfrom.http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395493
14. Erim,Y, Tagay,S,Beckmann,M, Bein,S, Cicinnati, V, Beckebaum,S, Senf, W, Schlaak,J.F.(2010). Depression and protective factors of mental health in people with hepatitis C: A questionnaire survey.International Journal ofNursingStudies,47(3)pp342-349.DOI:10.ORG/j.ijnurstu.
15. European Study Group on Interferon beta-1b in Secondary progressive MS. (1998). Placebo controlled multicentre randomized trial of interferon beta-1b treatment of secondary progressive multiplescl erosis.Lancet, 352,1491-7.Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmd/9820296
16. Evon, D.M; Ramcharran, D; Belle, S.H; Terrault, N.A; Fontana, R.J, & Fried, M.W. (2009). Prospective analysis of depression during peginiterferon and ribavirin therapy of chronic hepatitis C: Results of the virahep-C study. American Journal of Gastroenterology.104 (12):2949-58.Doi: 10. 1038/ajg.2009.528.Epub2009.sep29
17. Frick,E, Motzke, C, Fischer, N, Busch,, R, Bumeder, I. (2005). Is perceived social support a predictor of survival for patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation? Journal of Psychosomatic Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer, 14 (9), 759-770 doi.org/10.1002/pon.908
18. Fried, M.W, Shifman, M.L, Reddy, K.R; Smith, C; Marinos G; Goncales, F.L,. . .Ju, J. (2002). Peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection New England Journal of Medicine, 7(34): 975-82. Doi: 10.1002/mpr. 229.
19. Evers, A.W.M., Kraaimaat, F.W., Geenen, R., Jacobs, J.W.J. (2003). Pain ,coping and social support as predictors of long-term functional disability and pain in early rheumatoid arthritis. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 3: 1295-1310.
20. Glaser, K; McGuire, L; Robles, T. F, & Glaser, R. (2002). Emotion, morbidity and mortality: New perspective from psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 83107.Doi: 10. 1146/annurev. psych.53.100901. 135217
21. Goeb, J.L; Even, C; Nicolas, G; Gohier, B; Dubas, F,&Garre, J.B. (2005).Psychiatric side effects of interferon-B in multiple sclerosis. European Psychiatry,2391-98.Doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy. 2005-09.
22. Heinze, S; Egberts, F, &Rotzer, S. (2010). Depressive mood changes and psychiatric symptoms during 12 months low dose interferon alpha treatment in patients with malignant melanoma: results of multicenter DeCOG trial. Journal of Immunotherapy, 33(I): 106-14.
23. Hepatitis C facts and figures. (2014, July 13). Hepatitis C News. Retrieved from http://www.hepatitisnews.com
24. Huang, M; Yen, C; & Lung, F. (2010). Moderators and madiators among panic, agoraphobia symptoms and suicidal ideation in patients with panic disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 243-49. Doi: 10. 1016/j.compsych.2009.07.005
25. Jemmott, J.B & Magloire, K. (1988). Academic Stress, Social Support and Secretary Immunoglobin A. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 803-10
26. Jibeen, T; Khalid, R. (2010). Predictors of psychological well being of Pakistani immigrants in Toronto Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 452-464. Doi: 10. 1016/j.ijintrel. 2010. 04. 010
27. Kessler, R. C, & McLeod, J. D. (1984). Sex differences in vulnerability to understand lifr events. American Sociological Review, 49, 620-31. Doi: 10. 2307/2095420
28. Klein, D.N., Tayllor, E.B., Dickstein, S., Harding, K. (1988). Primary early-onset dysthymia: comparison with primary nonbipolar nonchronin major depression on demographic, clinical, familial, personality and socioenvironmentao characteristics and short-term outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 387-98. Doi: 10.1037/0021-843x. 97. 4. 398.
29. Kovacs, P; Panczel, G; Balatoni, T; Liszkay, G; Gonada, X; Bagdy, G; & Juhasz, G.(2015). Social support decreases depressogenic effect of low-dose interferon alpha treatment in melanoma patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, S0022-3999(5) 00059-8. Doi: 10. 1016/j.psychores.2015.03.003.
30. Kraus, M.R; Schafer, A; Csef, H,&Scheurlen, M. (2005b). Psychiatric side effects of pegylated interferon alpha-2b as compared to conventional interferon alpha-2b in patients with chronic hepatitis C.World Journal of Gastroenterology, 11 (2): 1769-74.Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/7941770
31. Lakey, B; & Cronin, A. (2008). Low social support and major depression: Research, theory, and methodological issues. In K. S, Dobson, & D, Dozois. Risk factors for depression. Academic Press, pp.385-408.
32. Lawanga, S. K; & Lemeshow, S. (1991). Sample size determination in health studies.World Health Organization. Retrieved from www.int/ iris / handle/10665/40062
33. Loftis, J.M, & Houser, P. (2004). The phenomenology and treatment of interferon induced depression. Journal of Affective disorders, 82 (2): 175-90.
34. Loucks, E.B, Berkman, L.F., Gruenewald, T.L., Seeman, T.E. (2006). Relation of social integration to inflammatory marker concentrations in men and women 70-79 years. American Journal of Cardiology, 97, 1010-1016.doi: 10. 1016/j.amjcard,2005.10.043
35. Lim, A.G, Walker, J.G, Mafirakureva, N et al, (2020). Effect and costs of different strategies to eliminate hepatitis C virus transmission in Pakistan: a modeling analysis. Lancet Global Health. 8, e440-e450.
36. McCabe, M.P; McKern, S; McDonald, E. (2004). Coping and Psychological adjustment among people with multiple sclerosis. Psychosomatics Research, 56, 355-61. (Ross Ref).
37. Mahmood, S, Al Kanaani, Z, Abu Raddal, L.J. (2019). Characteristic of hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan. BMC Infectious Disease 19-809.
38. Malaguranera, M, Difazio, I; Restuccia, S; Pistone, G; Ferlito, L,& Rampello, L. (1998). Interferon alpha induce depression in chronic hepatitis C patients: comparison between different types of interferon alpha. Neuropsychobiology, 37(2): 93-97.
39. Nesic, Z; Delic, D; Prostran, M; Sojanovic, R; Vuekovic, S,&Todorovic, Z. (2004).Psychiatric side effects of the application of recombined interferon alpha in chronic hepatitis C patients.MedicinkiPregled,57, 219-26.
40. Norman, R. M. G; Malla, A. K; Manchanda, R; Harricharan, R; Takhar, J, & Northcott, S. (2005). Social support and three years symptoms and admission outcomes for first year psychosis. Schizophrenic Research, 80,227-34. Doi: 10. 1016/j.psychree.2005.05.006.
41. Pavlovic, Z; Delic, D; Maric, N.P; Vukovic, O,&Gasic, J. M. (2011). Depressive symptoms in patients with hepatitis C treated with paginated interferon alpha therapy: 24-week prospective study. Psychiatria Danubina, 23(4): 370-7. PMID: 22075738 (Pub Med – Indexed for MEDLINE).
42. Porcelli P, Cozzolongo R, Lanzilotta E, Giannuzzi V, Leandro G. (2014). Social support as a buffer in the relationship between treatment for depression and T-cell production of interferon gamma in patients with multiple sclerosis. Psychother Psychosom. 83(5):310-1. doi: 10.1159/000360821.
43. Qureshi, H; Bile, K.M; Jooma, R, Alam, S.E, & Afridi, H.U (2010).Prevalence of hepatitius B and C viral infectionsin Pakistan: findings of a national survey appealing for effective prevention and control measures. East Mediterr Health Journal 16, S15-S23.
44. Raison, C.L; Demetrashvili, M; Capuron, I, & Miller, A.H. (2005a). Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of interferon-alpha: Recognition and management. CNS Drugs, 19 (2):105-23.Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1255968
45. Schaefer, M; Capuron, L, & Friebe, A. (2012). Hepatitis C infection, antiviral treatment and mental health: A European expert consensus statement. Journal of Herpetology, 57 (6): 1379-90.
46. Siddiqui, S, & Shah, S. A. (1997). Siddiqui-Shah Depression Scale (SSDS): Development and Validation. Psychology and Developing Societies, 9 (2), 245-62. Retrieved from http://www.pds sagpub.com
47. Stice, E; Presenell, K; & Spangler, D. (2002). Risk factors for eating onset in adolescents girls: A 2 years perspective investigation. Health Psychology, 21, 131-38. Doi: 10. 1037/0278-6133.21.2.131.
48. Strader, D.B, Wright, T, Thomas, D.L, Seeff, L.B. (2004). Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C. Hepatology, 39(4), 1147–1171.
49. Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F (2017).Global elimination of hepatitis C virus infection: progresses and the remaining challenges. World Journal of Hepatology, 9(33), 1239
50. Torgrud, L; Walker, J; Murry, L; Cox, B; Chartier, M; & Kjernisted, K. (2004). Defects in perceived social support associated with generalized social phobia. Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy, 33, 87-96. Doi: 10. 1080/16506070410029577
51. Uchino, B. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. New Yak: Yale University Press, pp.16-17
52. Uchino, B. (2006). Social support and health: A review of psychological processes potentionally underlying links to diseases. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 377-87. Doi: 10. 1007/s10865-006-9056-5
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Published
Apr 03, 2024
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How to Cite
Salma Andleeb, Sabeen Rahim, & Sharifullah Jan. (2024). BASELINE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND INTERFERON INDUCED DEPRESSION INHEPATITIS C PATIENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(4), 2142-2152. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i4.6474
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All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author Biographies
Salma Andleeb
Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan Sabeen Rahim Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Sabeen Rahim
Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan,
Sharifullah Jan
Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan
How to Cite
Salma Andleeb, Sabeen Rahim, & Sharifullah Jan. (2024). BASELINE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND INTERFERON INDUCED DEPRESSION INHEPATITIS C PATIENTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(4), 2142-2152. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i4.6474