A REVIEW OF GENDER DISPARITY IN CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY
Main Article Content
Keywords
Chronic Energy Deficiency, Public Health, Gender Disparity, Nutrition
Abstract
Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) remains a significant public health concern, with substantial gender disparities in its prevalence and impact. This study observed the gender dimensions of CED, focusing on the differential experiences of men and women in terms of nutritional status, socio-economic causes, and health outcomes. The existing literature provides insight into the causes of gender differences in CED. It is also determined that the main causes of this imbalance were gender discrimination, sociocultural norms and unequal access to resources. This study also assessed the consequences of CED on general wellbeing, reproductive health and physical health in both men and women. The study underlined the necessity for gender-sensitive approaches to nutrition programming and policy-making and evaluated the efficacy of current policy responses and interventions in addressing gender disparities in CED. This study influenced policy discourse and programmatic activities targeted at achieving gender equality and nutritional security by synthesising evidence-based ideas and best practices
References
13(10), 97.
2. Black, R. E., Allen, L. H., Bhutta, Z. A., Caulfield, L. E., de Onis, M., Ezzati, M et al &
Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition:
global and regional exposures and health consequences. The Lancet, 371(9608), 243-260.
3. Doyal, L. (2001). Sex, gender, and health: the need for a new approach. BMJ, 323(7320), 1061-
1063.
4. FAO. (2013). The State of Food and Agriculture 2013: Food Systems for Better Nutrition. FAO.
5. Gibson, R. S. (2005). Principles of nutritional assessment. Oxford University Press.
6. Haddad, L., & Kennedy, E. (1991). Household food security in developing countries:
measurement, determinants, and policy implications. Washington, DC: Intl Food Policy Res
Inst.
7. Hirvonen, K., et al. (2013). Agriculture, health, and nutrition: towards conceptualizing the
linkages. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
8. Keiko Inoue, “Quality education needed to boost women’s economic empowerment”, Blog,
2016.
9. Koethe, J. R., & Heimburger, D. C. (2009). Nutritional aspects of HIV-associated wasting in
sub-Saharan Africa. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(4), 1138S-1142S.
10. Labadarios, D., et al. (2011). The National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS): South Africa,
1999. Public Health Nutrition, 5(3), 605-624.
11. Mason, J. B., & Smith, L. C. (2000). Agricultural development and nutrition: the policies behind
the data. Food Policy, 25(3), 269-282.
12. Mehrotra Santosh, (2006) “Child Malnutrition and Gender Discrimination in South
Asia,” Economic and Political Weekly 41: 10, pp 912-918.
13. Monteiro, C. A., et al. (2004). The global burden of malnutrition: time trends and gender
differentials in undernutrition. In Encyclopedia of human nutrition (pp. 204-211). Academic
Press.
14. Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P. (2004). The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics
and their determinants. Int J Obes, 28(S3), S2-S9.
15. Rohini Pande and Anju Malhotra (2006). Son Preference and Daughter Neglect in India,
Washington DC, ICRW.
16. Ruel, M. T., & Alderman, H. (2013). Nutrition-sensitive interventions and programmes: how
can they help to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition? The Lancet,
382(9891), 536-551.
17. Smith, L. C., & Haddad, L. (2002). Explaining child malnutrition in developing countries: A
cross-country analysis. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Manju Dewan
Assistant Professor in Zoology, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh