AMELIORATION OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND COAGULATIVE PARAMETERS BY CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT WITH HEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE – AN IN-VIVO STUDY

Main Article Content

Abdul Rehman
Mahr Un Nisa
Nazir Ahmad
Aftab Ahmed

Keywords

Coagulation profile, Thrombocytopenia, Cyclophosphamide, Papaya (C. papaya L.), Histology

Abstract

Introduction: Recent research on analyses of the platelet-boosting abilities of polyphenolic compounds and nutritional supplements, and their efficacy to impact health parameters has been established. C. papaya is renowned for its excellent digestive, antioxidant, and nutraceutical properties derived from bioactive substances such as papain, latex, carpaines, benzyl glucosinolates, choline, zeaxanthin, and more.


Material and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of six: NC & CPF₁ (normal control & negative control), CPF₂, and CPF₃ (300 & 600 mg/kg dried papaya fruit). The Wistar albino rats were exposed to thrombocytopenia by cyclophosphamide (s.c.). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10, 20, and 30 to analyze the serum platelet count and coagulation profile. Following 30 days, the kidney and liver were dissected for histopathological evaluation.


Results: The Platelet count was significantly elevated (p≥0.05) compared to normal and negative control in experimental groups. The platelet count within the CPF₃ group (a dose of 600 mg CPF), showed more promising results as compared to the CPF₂ group (a dose of 300 mg CPF) while observed at 0, 10, 20, and 30th days. The histopathology analysis on the kidney and liver revealed a reversal toward normal parenchymal structure on an administered dose of 600 mg of C. papaya L. fruit.


Conclusion: C. papaya fruit provides promise for its potential application in treating and controlling thrombocytopenia and associated bleeding disorders. This effect may be attributed to carpaines, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids in C. papaya L.

Abstract 51 | PDF Downloads 18

References

1. Amin, A. H., et al. (2019). "Immunomodulatory effect of papaya (Carica papaya) pulp and seed extracts as a potential natural treatment for bacterial stress." Journal of food biochemistry 43(12): e13050.
2. Anjum, V., et al. (2017). "Antithrombocytopenic and immunomodulatory potential of metabolically characterized aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves." Pharmaceutical biology 55(1): 2043-2056.
3. Ashworth, I., et al. (2022). "Thrombocytopenia: the good, the bad and the ugly." Clinical Medicine 22(3): 214.
4. Athesh, K., et al. (2012). "Anti-obesity effect of aqueous fruit extract of Carica papaya L. in rats fed on high fat cafeteria diet." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(5): 327-330.
5. Council, N. R., et al. (2010). "Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals."
6. Council, N. R., et al. (1995). "Nutrient requirements of laboratory animals: 1995."
7. Erhirhie, E., et al. (2014). "Guidelines on dosage calculation and stock solution preparation in experimental animals' studies." Journal of Natural Sciences Research 4(18): 100-106.
8. Franchini, M., et al. (2017). "Thrombocytopenia and infections." Expert review of hematology 10(1): 99-106.
9. Hou, F. X., et al. (2007). "The immunosuppressive effects of 10 mg/kg cyclophosphamide in Wistar rats." Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 24(1): 30-36.
10. Jose, M., et al. (2018). "Effect of Carica papaya Linn. Unripe and Ripe Fruit Pulp Juice in Augmenting Platelet Count in Rats: An Experimental Study." Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research 12(7).
11. Kamali, H., et al. (2018). "Experimental models of thrombocytopenia in laboratory animals and their application in identifying the complications of chemotherapy drugs." Journal of Babol university of medical sciences 20(4): 48-58.
12. Khazaei, F., et al. (2020). "Protective effect of royal jelly against cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia and spleen and bone marrow damages in rats." Cell Journal (Yakhteh) 22(3): 302.
13. Lee, G. and K. A. Goosens (2015). "Sampling blood from the lateral tail vein of the rat." JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)(99): e52766.
14. Lien, T.-S., et al. (2021). "Exposure of platelets to dengue virus and envelope protein domain III induces Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent platelet cell death and thrombocytopenia in mice." Frontiers in immunology 12: 616394.
15. Manjula, K. and R. Krishna (2016). "Feed efficiency and serobiochemical profile of wistar rats fed with spirulina as functional food." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 4(2): 135-140.
16. Matsuane, C., et al. (2023). "Hypolipidaemic effects of papaya (Carica papaya L.) juice on rats fed on a high fat and fructose diet." Journal of Nutritional Science 12: e76.
17. McEwen, B. J. (2014). The influence of diet and nutrients on platelet function. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, Thieme Medical Publishers.
18. Nandini, C., et al. (2021). "Platelet enhancement by Carica papaya L. leaf fractions in cyclophosphamide induced thrombocytopenic rats is due to elevated expression of CD110 receptor on megakaryocytes." Journal of ethnopharmacology 275: 114074.
19. Od‑Ek, P., et al. (2020). "Anti‑obesity effect of Carica papaya in high‑fat diet fed rats." Biomedical Reports 13(4): 1-1.
20. Raadsen, M., et al. (2021). "Thrombocytopenia in virus infections." Journal of clinical medicine 10(4): 877.
21. Rasizadeh, R., et al. (2024). "Viruses and thrombocytopenia." Heliyon.
22. Reeves, P. G., et al. (1993). "AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet." The Journal of nutrition 123(11): 1939-1951.
23. Saha, A., et al. (2021). "Evolving paradigm of prothrombin time diagnostics with its growing clinical relevance towards cardio-compromised and COVID-19 affected population." Sensors 21(8): 2636.
24. Santamaría Basulto, F., et al. (2009). "Postharvest ripening and maturity indices for maradol papaya." Interciencia 34(8): 583-588.
25. Santana, L. F., et al. (2019). "Nutraceutical potential of Carica papaya in metabolic syndrome." Nutrients 11(7): 1608.
26. Santoshi, R. K., et al. (2022). "A comprehensive review of thrombocytopenia with a spotlight on intensive care patients." Cureus 14(8).
27. Sarker, M. M. R., et al. (2021). "Dengue fever: therapeutic potential of Carica papaya L. Leaves." Frontiers in pharmacology 12: 610912.
28. Sharma, A., et al. (2020). "Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, nanoparticle fabrication, commercial products and waste utilization of Carica papaya L.: A comprehensive review." Current Research in Biotechnology 2: 145-160.
29. Singh, A., et al. (2020). "Role of platelet cytokines in dengue virus infection." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 10: 561366.
30. Tran, H. D., et al. (2023). "Efficacy of phytotherapy as nutritional supplements in patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia." Phytomedicine Plus 3(1): 100404.
31. Wohlauer, M. V., et al. (2011). "A standardized technique for performing thromboelastography in rodents." Shock 36(5): 524-526.
32. Zhong, W., et al. (2022). "rhCNB improves cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficiency in BALB/c mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022.

Most read articles by the same author(s)