IMPACT OF MEDICATIONS AND DIETARY COMPONENTS ON TYPE II DIABETES TREATMENT: INSIGHTS INTO DRUG-NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrients, Interaction, Drugs, Health
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, particularly among older populations. Long-term management is crucial for clinical improvement, and drug-nutrient interactions may affect treatment efficacy.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate drug-nutrient interactions in T2DM management, focusing on the impact of medications and dietary components on treatment effectiveness.
Methods: An integrated literature review guided the development of a primary question and inclusion/exclusion criteria for selecting relevant studies from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Six hundred ninety-nine papers were reviewed, summarizing oral medications for DM2 and their modes of action. Additionally, the role of dietary therapy and its susceptibility to drug-nutrient interactions, leading to vitamin deficiencies (e.g., B12) and increased risk of bone fractures, was explored.
Results: Drug-nutrient interactions influence blood sugar regulation and impact patients' nutritional status, including dyslipidemia and weight gain. Certain patient groups, such as women, the elderly, and those with poorly controlled diabetes, are more susceptible to these interactions.
Conclusion: Understanding and routinely assessing drug-nutrient interactions and nutritional status are essential for optimizing T2DM treatment outcomes and enhancing patients' quality of life.
References
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21. Patil, R. S., & Tupe, R. S. (2024). Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Medicinal Research Reviews, 44(1), 365-405.
22. Paul, T., Pathak, K., Saikia, R., Gogoi, U., Jyoti Sahariah, J., & Das, A. (2024). The Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Current Traditional Medicine, 10(2), 83-96.
23. Peng, Y. (2024). A meta-analysis of drugs benefiting diabetic patients by modulating gut flora. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed2023).
24. Perakakis, N., Bornstein, S. R., Birkenfeld, A. L., Linkermann, A., Demir, M., Anker, S. D., . . . Ruilope, L. M. (2024). Efficacy of finer enone in patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and altered markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis: A FIDELITY subgroup analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(1), 191-200.
25. Permana, H., Soetedjo, N. N. M., Yanto, T. A., Tendean, M., Hariyanto, T. I., & Suastika, K. (2024). Different doses of imeglimin for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19(1), 89-98.
26. Salh, H. J. H., Aziz, T. A., Ahmed, Z. A., & Mahwi, T. O. (2024). Association between Albuminuria, Glycated Hemoglobin with Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Experience in Sulaimani City, Iraq. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences (ISSN 2789-3219), 6(1), 1-8.
27. Shao, Y., Shi, L., Nauman, E., Price‐Haywood, E., & Stoecker, C. (2024). Telehealth use and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(1), 118-125.
28. Soto-Mota, A., Flores-Jurado, Y., Norwitz, N. G., Feldman, D., Pereira, M. A., Danaei, G., & Ludwig, D. S. (2024). Increased LDL-cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with typical but not high body weight: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
29. TAHA, N. M., Abd El-Azeaz, M., & ABD EL-RAZIK, B. G. (2025). Factors affecting compliance of diabetic patients toward therapeutic management. Diabetes, 5, 6.
30. Thompson, A. S., Candussi, C. J., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Jennings, A., Bondonno, N. P., Hill, C., . . . Kühn, T. (2024). A healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk via improved metabolic state and organ function: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes & Metabolism, 50(1), 101499.
31. Tobias, D. K., Hamaya, R., Clish, C. B., Liang, L., Deik, A., Dennis, C., . . . Manson, J. E. (2024). Type 2 diabetes metabolomics score and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 40(1), e3763.
32. Tolentino, D. A., & Brynes, M. E. (2024). Filipino Americans' Social and Cultural Experiences of Type 2 Diabetes Management: Cultural Paradox, Ownership, and Success Definition. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 35(1), 41-52.
33. Vajdi, M., Seyedhosseini-Ghaheh, H., Hassanizadeh, S., Khajeh, M., Tabrizi, F. P. F., & Askari, G. (2024). Effect of sesame supplementation on body composition, and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.
34. Wang, W., Li, X., Chen, F., Wei, R., Chen, Z., Li, J., . . . Guo, L. (2024). Secondary analysis of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes subgroups and treatment responses in the MARCH cohort. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 18(1), 102936.
35. Wang, X., Fang, J., & Yang, L. (2024). Research progress on ocular complications caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the function of tears and blepharons. Open Life Sciences, 19(1), 20220773.
36. Wood, A. C., & Pratt, K. (2024). School-based health: an opportunity to address challenges in managing pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 36(1), 33-41.
37. Xourafa, G., Korbmacher, M., & Roden, M. (2024). Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 20(1), 27-49.
38. Zahedi, M., Motahari, M. M., Fakhri, F., Aphshari, N. M., Poursharif, S., Jahed, R., & Nikpayam, O. (2024). Is vitamin D deficiency associated with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus? A case-control study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 59, 158-161.
39. Zhou, X., & Xu, J. (2024). Association between serum uric acid‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 15(1), 113-120.
40. Zhu, K., Qian, F., Lu, Q., Li, R., Qiu, Z., Li, L., . . . Yang, K. (2024). Modifiable Lifestyle Factors, Genetic Risk, and Incident Peripheral Artery Disease Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study. Diabetes Care, dc231503.
2. Bonekamp, N. E., Visseren, F. L., Cramer, M. J., Dorresteijn, J. A., van der Meer, M. G., Ruigrok, Y. M., . . . Koopal, C. (2024). Long-term lifestyle change and risk of mortality and Type 2 diabetes in patients with cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 31(2), 205-213.
3. CG, A.-O., Adibe, M., Ukwe, C., & Aguwa, C. (2030). Journal of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics The Impact of Family Support on Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.
4. Chawla, G., Pradhan, T., & Gupta, O. (2024). An insight into the combat strategies for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 24(4), 403-430.
5. Craig, H., Le Roux, C., Alsaeed, D., Al-Ozairi, E., Heneghan, H., & Al-Najim, W. (2024). Factors that determine patients considering medication for the disease of obesity: an IMI2 SOPHIA study.
6. Dimer, L. M., Colonetti, T., Uggioni, M. L. R., Ferraz, S. D., Grande, A. J., da Rosa, M. I., & Ceretta, L. B. (2024). Evaluating the effects of Bauhinia forficata as an adjuvant in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 102331.
7. Falkenhain, K., Oliveira, B. F., Islam, H., Neudorf, H., Cen, H. H., Johnson, J. D., . . . Little, J. P. (2024). The effect of acute and 14-day exogenous ketone supplementation on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: two randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 326(1), E61-E72.
8. Frías, J. P., Galindo, R. J., Wang, H., Malik, R. E., Chivukula, K. K., & Maldonado, J. M. (2024). Tirzepatide in Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes: a subgroup analysis of the SURPASS Program. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 109(2), 557-568.
9. Ghahfarrokhi, M. M., Shirvani, H., Rahimi, M., Bazgir, B., Shamsadini, A., & Sobhani, V. (2024). Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of different intensities of functional training in elderly type 2 diabetes patients with cognitive impairment: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC geriatrics, 24(1), 1-15.
10. Gierlach, K., Nowak, K., Olejarz, Z., Słowik, M., Drygała, Z., Wyrwał, J., . . . Krasuska, M. (2024). Critical Analysis of the Efficacy and Limitations of GLP-1 Pharmaceuticals in Obesity Management: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Journal of Education, Health, and Sport, 55, 87-103.
11. Gregg, E. W., Chen, H., Bancks, M. P., Manalac, R., Maruthur, N., Munshi, M., . . . Group, L. A. R. (2024). Impact of remission from type 2 diabetes on long-term health outcomes: the Look AHEAD study findings. Diabetologia, 1-11.
12. He, A., Shi, C., Wu, X., Sheng, Y., Zhu, X., Yang, J., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Clusters of Body Fat and Nutritional Parameters are Strongly Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Therapy, 15(1), 201-214.
13. Hussain, Z., Borah, M. D., & Ahmed, R. K. (2024). Computational methods for studying the relationship between nutritional status and respiratory viral diseases: a systematic review. Artificial Intelligence Review, 57(1), 3.
14. Kalva, P., Shi, A., Kakkilaya, A., Saleh, I., Albadour, M., & Kooner, K. (2024). Associations between depression and diabetic retinopathy in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2018. Paper presented at the Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings.
15. Khairnar, S. J., Ahire, E. D., Jagtap, M. R., Surana, K. R., Kshirsagar, S. J., & Keservani, R. K. (2024). Management and Prevention of Diseases by Flavonoids Advances in Flavonoids for Human Health and Prevention of Diseases (pp. 47-71): Apple Academic Press.
16. Ma, S. (2024). Dietary nutrition treatment for older people with hyperglycemia. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed2023).
17. Manzano, J. A. H., Llames, L. C. J., & Macabeo, A. P. G. (2024). Tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Phaeanthus ophthalmics inhibit target enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 14(1), 230-237.
18. Mohammadi, F., Yadegar, A., Rabizadeh, S., Ayati, A., Seyedi, S. A., Nabipoorashrafi, S. A., . . . Nakhjavani, M. (2024). Correlates of ordinary and decreased HDL cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes: a cohort-based cross-sectional study. Lipids in Health and Disease, 23(1), 1-13.
19. Nurgül, G., & Tülüce, D. (2024). Diabetes Attitude and Self-Efficiency Levels of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Taking Insulin. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 37-52.
20. Pathan, A. S., Ahire, M. R., Diwane, S. A., Jain, P. G., Pandagale, P. M., & Ahire, E. D. (2024). Functional Foods in Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Applications of Functional Foods in Disease Prevention (pp. 139-164): Apple Academic Press.
21. Patil, R. S., & Tupe, R. S. (2024). Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Medicinal Research Reviews, 44(1), 365-405.
22. Paul, T., Pathak, K., Saikia, R., Gogoi, U., Jyoti Sahariah, J., & Das, A. (2024). The Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Current Traditional Medicine, 10(2), 83-96.
23. Peng, Y. (2024). A meta-analysis of drugs benefiting diabetic patients by modulating gut flora. Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBioMed2023).
24. Perakakis, N., Bornstein, S. R., Birkenfeld, A. L., Linkermann, A., Demir, M., Anker, S. D., . . . Ruilope, L. M. (2024). Efficacy of finer enone in patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and altered markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis: A FIDELITY subgroup analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(1), 191-200.
25. Permana, H., Soetedjo, N. N. M., Yanto, T. A., Tendean, M., Hariyanto, T. I., & Suastika, K. (2024). Different doses of imeglimin for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19(1), 89-98.
26. Salh, H. J. H., Aziz, T. A., Ahmed, Z. A., & Mahwi, T. O. (2024). Association between Albuminuria, Glycated Hemoglobin with Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Experience in Sulaimani City, Iraq. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences (ISSN 2789-3219), 6(1), 1-8.
27. Shao, Y., Shi, L., Nauman, E., Price‐Haywood, E., & Stoecker, C. (2024). Telehealth use and its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(1), 118-125.
28. Soto-Mota, A., Flores-Jurado, Y., Norwitz, N. G., Feldman, D., Pereira, M. A., Danaei, G., & Ludwig, D. S. (2024). Increased LDL-cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with typical but not high body weight: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
29. TAHA, N. M., Abd El-Azeaz, M., & ABD EL-RAZIK, B. G. (2025). Factors affecting compliance of diabetic patients toward therapeutic management. Diabetes, 5, 6.
30. Thompson, A. S., Candussi, C. J., Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Jennings, A., Bondonno, N. P., Hill, C., . . . Kühn, T. (2024). A healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk via improved metabolic state and organ function: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes & Metabolism, 50(1), 101499.
31. Tobias, D. K., Hamaya, R., Clish, C. B., Liang, L., Deik, A., Dennis, C., . . . Manson, J. E. (2024). Type 2 diabetes metabolomics score and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 40(1), e3763.
32. Tolentino, D. A., & Brynes, M. E. (2024). Filipino Americans' Social and Cultural Experiences of Type 2 Diabetes Management: Cultural Paradox, Ownership, and Success Definition. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 35(1), 41-52.
33. Vajdi, M., Seyedhosseini-Ghaheh, H., Hassanizadeh, S., Khajeh, M., Tabrizi, F. P. F., & Askari, G. (2024). Effect of sesame supplementation on body composition, and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.
34. Wang, W., Li, X., Chen, F., Wei, R., Chen, Z., Li, J., . . . Guo, L. (2024). Secondary analysis of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes subgroups and treatment responses in the MARCH cohort. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 18(1), 102936.
35. Wang, X., Fang, J., & Yang, L. (2024). Research progress on ocular complications caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the function of tears and blepharons. Open Life Sciences, 19(1), 20220773.
36. Wood, A. C., & Pratt, K. (2024). School-based health: an opportunity to address challenges in managing pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 36(1), 33-41.
37. Xourafa, G., Korbmacher, M., & Roden, M. (2024). Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 20(1), 27-49.
38. Zahedi, M., Motahari, M. M., Fakhri, F., Aphshari, N. M., Poursharif, S., Jahed, R., & Nikpayam, O. (2024). Is vitamin D deficiency associated with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus? A case-control study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 59, 158-161.
39. Zhou, X., & Xu, J. (2024). Association between serum uric acid‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 15(1), 113-120.
40. Zhu, K., Qian, F., Lu, Q., Li, R., Qiu, Z., Li, L., . . . Yang, K. (2024). Modifiable Lifestyle Factors, Genetic Risk, and Incident Peripheral Artery Disease Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study. Diabetes Care, dc231503.
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Apr 18, 2024
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Dr. Zahra Baig, Muhammad Usama, Muhammad Hammad Ul Hassan, Dr. Saba Ahsan, Jasmeen Kaur Dhillon, Abdulkadir Abdu, Eaman Hamid, & Dr Rashida Bibi. (2024). IMPACT OF MEDICATIONS AND DIETARY COMPONENTS ON TYPE II DIABETES TREATMENT: INSIGHTS INTO DRUG-NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(4), 1188–1195. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i4.5735
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Author Biographies
Dr. Zahra Baig
Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry, Lahore Medical And Dental College, Pakistan
Muhammad Usama
Final Year MBBS Student, Al Nafees Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Hammad Ul Hassan
Final Year MBBS Student, Al Nafees Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan,
Dr. Saba Ahsan
Medical Officer, Department of Internal Medicine, Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
Jasmeen Kaur Dhillon
MBBS, Primary Health Care Physician, Public Health And Family Welfare Department, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, India
Abdulkadir Abdu
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurunanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
Eaman Hamid
Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, Omdurman Islamic university, United States
Dr Rashida Bibi
School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou university, Henan, China