CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION OF KIDNEY STONES: A METHODOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION USING KAMLET AND FEIGL METHODS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Urinary Crystals, Identification, Physicochemical, Kidney Stones.
Abstract
Introduction: Kidney stone formation arises from accumulating crystals and organic materials within the urinary system, constituting a prevalent global health concern. Laboratory investigations are pivotal in stone detection, aiding patient prevention and management. This study focuses on the chemical and physical identification of two kidney stones utilizing the Kamlet and Feigl methods available in the Bioclin laboratory reagent kit.
Methods: The investigation comprises two phases: physical analysis and chemical analysis. Physical analysis delineates the distinctive characteristics of each kidney stone, while chemical analysis identifies urinary crystals contributing to stone formation. The study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of these methodologies in stone identification and prevention.
Results: Both samples exhibited distinct physical properties, while chemical analysis revealed the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in both stones. Sample B contained uric acid, underscoring the method's utility in identifying stone composition and guiding preventive measures.
Conclusion: The Kamlet and Feigl methods offer a simple, quick, and safe approach to identifying kidney stone composition, facilitating tailored patient management and prevention. Incorporating these methodologies into routine laboratory diagnostics enhances patient care, mitigates disease recurrence, and improves overall quality of life.
References
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20. Mammate, N., Belchkar, S., Ssouni, S., el Mouhri, G., & Houssaini, T. S. (2024). The Use of Electron Microscopy for Lithiasis Research.
21. Mancuso, G., Trinchera, M., Midiri, A., Zummo, S., Vitale, G., & Biondo, C. (2024a). Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics, 13(2), 154.
22. Mancuso, G., Trinchera, M., Midiri, A., Zummo, S., Vitale, G., & Biondo, C. (2024b). Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with UTI.
23. Marchetti, S. G., Barone, V. L., Torres, M. M., Palacios, D., Mercader, R. C., & Baran, E. J. (2024). 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopic study of some double and triple metal oxalates. Materials Letters, 136151.
24. Matejić, J. S., Dragićević, A. V., Jovanović, M. S., Žarković, L. D., Džamić, A. M., Hinić, S. S., & Pavlović, D. R. (2024). Plant Products for Musculoskeletal, Respiratory, Circulatory, and Genitourinary Disorders in Eastern and South-Eastern Serbia–Folk Uses Comparison with Official Recommendations. RECORDS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS.
25. Medjoubi, K., Benzerara, K., Debrie, J., Tang, E., Bazin, D., Letavernier, E., . . . Somogyi, A. (2024). State-of-the-art multimodal scanning hard X-ray imaging and tomography sheds light on biomineralization-related processes at multiple scales. Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry, 5, 1339829.
26. Menon, S., Shinisha, C., Al Mamari, H. K., Al Zaabi, H. H., Al Ajmi, Z. S., Al-Jaradi, A.-Z. H., . . . Jayachandran, V. (2024). Experimental and theoretical studies on the modulation of calcium oxalate's crystallization process and crystal morphology using Moringa oleifera bark extract. Journal of Molecular Structure, 137693.
27. Naranjo-Ruiz, K. L., Delgado-Estrella, A., Torres-Rojas, Y. E., Silva, I., Manrique-Ortega, M. D., Mendoza-Franco, E. F., . . . del Río-Rodríguez, R. E. (2024). General health status of a stranded Tursiops truncatus of the oceanic ecotype in the southern Gulf of Mexico, Campeche coasts: a multidisciplinary analysis. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 52(1).
28. Ouhammou, M., Hiadr, N., Mourak, A., Alahyane, A., & Mahrouz, M. (2024). Assessment of calcium oxalate in nopal (Opuntia mesacantha) powder by SEM/EDX. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 1-7.
29. Pathan, A., Mulla, S. S., & Gajendragadkar, M. P. (2025). A narrative review on the efficacy of homeopathic medicine Pareira brava in urolithiasis. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, 13.
30. Pereira Amado, P., Zheng, S., Lange, D., Carugo, D., Waters, S. L., Obrist, D., . . . Clavica, F. (2024). The interplay between bacterial biofilms, encrustation, and wall shear stress in ureteral stents: a review across scales. Frontiers in Urology, 3.
31. Punzi, L., Galozzi, P., Luisetto, R., Scanu, A., Ramonda, R., & Oliviero, F. (2024). Gout: one year in review 2023. Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 42(1), 1-9.
32. Raghav, R., Raj, R., Tiwari, K. K., & Kandwal, P. (2024). Health Concerns Associated with the Increased Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water: Issues and Perspectives Advanced Treatment Technologies for Fluoride Removal in Water: Water Purification (pp. 233-250): Springer.
33. Raj, S., Rajan, M. S. G. S., Ramasamy, S., Goldy, R. I. R. S., Ariyamuthu, R., Sudhagar, M., . . . Gurusamy, M. Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology.
34. Raj, S., Rajan, M. S. G. S., Ramasamy, S., Goldy, R. I. R. S., Ariyamuthu, R., Sudhagar, M., . . . Gurusamy, M. (2024). An in vitro Anti-urolithiasis Activity of a Herbal Formulation: Spinacia oleracea L. and Coriandrum sativum L. Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology, 4(1), 100124.
35. Rath, R. J., Herrington, J. O., Adeel, M., Güder, F., Dehghani, F., & Farajikhah, S. (2024). Ammonia detection: A pathway towards potential point-of-care diagnostics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 116100.
36. Robinson, J. W., Marom, R., Ghani, K. R., Roberts, W. W., & Matzger, A. J. (2024). Performance of brushite plaster as kidney stone phantoms for laser lithotripsy. Urolithiasis, 52(1), 1-8.
37. Shahzadi, A., Ashfaq, U. A., Khurshid, M., Nisar, M. A., Syed, A., & Bahkali, A. H. (2024). Deciphering Multi-target Pharmacological Mechanism of Cucurbita pepo Seeds against Kidney Stones: Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach. Current Pharmaceutical Design.
38. Singh, S., & Dash, A. K. (2024). Physical Properties, Their Determination, and Importance in Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutics (pp. 67-113): Elsevier.
39. Zhang, M., Zhang, Q., Du, P., Chen, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Roles of vitamin K‑dependent protein in biomineralization. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 53(1), 1-12.
40. Zhang, Q., Wei, H., & Huang, G. (2024). CCL7 and olfactory transduction pathway activation play an important role in the formation of CaOx and CaP kidney stones. Frontiers in Genetics, 14, 1267545.
2. Ayyamperumal, R., Muthusamy, B., Huang, X., Chengjun, Z., Nazir, N., & Li, F. (2024). Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of trace hazardous elements contamination in the coastal environment. Environmental Research, 243, 117780.
3. Balamurugan, R., & Rathina, K. (2024). Investigation of renal calculi fragmented tracer particles in lithotripsy model by laser speckle technique. Laser Physics, 34(3), 035601.
4. Bi, M., Li, Y., Lv, F., Shi, W., & Jiang, G. (2024). The Attenuating Effect of Curcumin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles and Its Combination with Pluchea indica Root Extract on Kidney Stone Induced Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Cluster Science, 35(1), 327-340.
5. Bose, S. C., Sulthana, M., Narendhar, B., & Phanideepika, P. (2024). MOLECULAR DOCKING, ADME, AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF PHYTO CHEMICALS OF TRIDAX PROCUMBANCE AGAINST CALCITONIN PROTEIN (PDB: 6ZHO). iJOE, 20(01), 39.
6. Budiman, A., Wardhana, Y. W., Ainurofiq, A., Nugraha, Y. P., Qaivani, R., Hakim, S. N. A. L., & Aulifa, D. L. (2024). Drug-Coformer Loaded-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Review of the Preparation, Characterization, and Mechanism of Drug Release. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 281-305.
7. Cao, C., Li, F., Ding, Q., Jin, X., Tu, W., Zhu, H., . . . Fan, B. (2024). Potassium sodium hydrogen citrate intervention on gut microbiota and clinical features in uric acid stone patients. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 108(1), 1-15.
8. Duque‐Sanchez, L., Qu, Y., Voelcker, N. H., & Thissen, H. (2024). Tackling catheter‐associated urinary tract infections with next‐generation antimicrobial technologies. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 112(3), 312-335.
9. González-Enguita, C., Garcia-Giménez, R., Garcia-Guinea, J., & Correcher, V. (2024a). Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 304, 123395.
10. González-Enguita, C., Garcia-Giménez, R., Garcia-Guinea, J., & Correcher, V. (2024b). Spectral characterization of renal calculi was collected from the population in downtown Madrid (Spain). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 304, 123395.
11. He, H., Li, D., Li, X., & Fu, L. (2024). Research progress on the formation, function, and impact of calcium oxalate crystals in plants. Crystallography Reviews, 1-30.
12. Ida, N., & Yamane, Y. (2024). Characterization of a Unique Spontaneous Calcifying Cell Line (C.J.): A Novel Tool for the Study of Ectopic Calcification. bioRxiv, 2024.2001. 2005.574307.
13. Jing, Z., & Xiaoke, Z. Advances in applying State-target Dialectical Theory in the Treatment of Gouty Diseases.
14. Kalashgrani, M. Y., Mousavi, S. M., Akmal, M. H., Gholami, A., Omidifar, N., Chiang, W. H., Rahman, M. M. (2024). Gold Fluorescence Nanoparticles for Enhanced SERS Detection in Biomedical Sensor Applications: Current Trends and Future Directions. The Chemical Record, e202300303.
15. Kanlaya, R., Kuljiratansiri, R., Peerapen, P., & Thongboonkerd, V. (2024). The inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth, aggregation, and crystal-cell adhesion. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 170, 115988.
16. Karantas, I. D., Miliotou, A. N., & Siafaka, P. I. (2024). An Updated Review For Hyperuricemia and Gout Management; Special Focus on the Available Drug Delivery Systems and Clinical Trials. Current Medicinal Chemistry.
17. Kumari, S., Dhankhar, H., Abrol, V., & Yadav, A. K. (2024). Effect of Fluoride-Contaminated Water on the Living Being and Their Surroundings Advanced Treatment Technologies for Fluoride Removal in Water: Water Purification (pp. 215-231): Springer.
18. Lapsina, S., Stirn, M., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Schoster, A., & Riond, B. (2024). Acidification is required for calcium and magnesium concentration measurements in equine urine. BMC veterinary research, 20(1), 21.
19. Liu, Z., Yan, M., Naji, Y., Qiu, J., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Dai, Y. (2024). Can Double J stent encrustation be predicted by risk analysis and nomogram?: A retrospective case–control study. Medicine, 103(2), e35303.
20. Mammate, N., Belchkar, S., Ssouni, S., el Mouhri, G., & Houssaini, T. S. (2024). The Use of Electron Microscopy for Lithiasis Research.
21. Mancuso, G., Trinchera, M., Midiri, A., Zummo, S., Vitale, G., & Biondo, C. (2024a). Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics, 13(2), 154.
22. Mancuso, G., Trinchera, M., Midiri, A., Zummo, S., Vitale, G., & Biondo, C. (2024b). Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with UTI.
23. Marchetti, S. G., Barone, V. L., Torres, M. M., Palacios, D., Mercader, R. C., & Baran, E. J. (2024). 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopic study of some double and triple metal oxalates. Materials Letters, 136151.
24. Matejić, J. S., Dragićević, A. V., Jovanović, M. S., Žarković, L. D., Džamić, A. M., Hinić, S. S., & Pavlović, D. R. (2024). Plant Products for Musculoskeletal, Respiratory, Circulatory, and Genitourinary Disorders in Eastern and South-Eastern Serbia–Folk Uses Comparison with Official Recommendations. RECORDS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS.
25. Medjoubi, K., Benzerara, K., Debrie, J., Tang, E., Bazin, D., Letavernier, E., . . . Somogyi, A. (2024). State-of-the-art multimodal scanning hard X-ray imaging and tomography sheds light on biomineralization-related processes at multiple scales. Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry, 5, 1339829.
26. Menon, S., Shinisha, C., Al Mamari, H. K., Al Zaabi, H. H., Al Ajmi, Z. S., Al-Jaradi, A.-Z. H., . . . Jayachandran, V. (2024). Experimental and theoretical studies on the modulation of calcium oxalate's crystallization process and crystal morphology using Moringa oleifera bark extract. Journal of Molecular Structure, 137693.
27. Naranjo-Ruiz, K. L., Delgado-Estrella, A., Torres-Rojas, Y. E., Silva, I., Manrique-Ortega, M. D., Mendoza-Franco, E. F., . . . del Río-Rodríguez, R. E. (2024). General health status of a stranded Tursiops truncatus of the oceanic ecotype in the southern Gulf of Mexico, Campeche coasts: a multidisciplinary analysis. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 52(1).
28. Ouhammou, M., Hiadr, N., Mourak, A., Alahyane, A., & Mahrouz, M. (2024). Assessment of calcium oxalate in nopal (Opuntia mesacantha) powder by SEM/EDX. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 1-7.
29. Pathan, A., Mulla, S. S., & Gajendragadkar, M. P. (2025). A narrative review on the efficacy of homeopathic medicine Pareira brava in urolithiasis. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, 13.
30. Pereira Amado, P., Zheng, S., Lange, D., Carugo, D., Waters, S. L., Obrist, D., . . . Clavica, F. (2024). The interplay between bacterial biofilms, encrustation, and wall shear stress in ureteral stents: a review across scales. Frontiers in Urology, 3.
31. Punzi, L., Galozzi, P., Luisetto, R., Scanu, A., Ramonda, R., & Oliviero, F. (2024). Gout: one year in review 2023. Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 42(1), 1-9.
32. Raghav, R., Raj, R., Tiwari, K. K., & Kandwal, P. (2024). Health Concerns Associated with the Increased Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water: Issues and Perspectives Advanced Treatment Technologies for Fluoride Removal in Water: Water Purification (pp. 233-250): Springer.
33. Raj, S., Rajan, M. S. G. S., Ramasamy, S., Goldy, R. I. R. S., Ariyamuthu, R., Sudhagar, M., . . . Gurusamy, M. Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology.
34. Raj, S., Rajan, M. S. G. S., Ramasamy, S., Goldy, R. I. R. S., Ariyamuthu, R., Sudhagar, M., . . . Gurusamy, M. (2024). An in vitro Anti-urolithiasis Activity of a Herbal Formulation: Spinacia oleracea L. and Coriandrum sativum L. Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology, 4(1), 100124.
35. Rath, R. J., Herrington, J. O., Adeel, M., Güder, F., Dehghani, F., & Farajikhah, S. (2024). Ammonia detection: A pathway towards potential point-of-care diagnostics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 116100.
36. Robinson, J. W., Marom, R., Ghani, K. R., Roberts, W. W., & Matzger, A. J. (2024). Performance of brushite plaster as kidney stone phantoms for laser lithotripsy. Urolithiasis, 52(1), 1-8.
37. Shahzadi, A., Ashfaq, U. A., Khurshid, M., Nisar, M. A., Syed, A., & Bahkali, A. H. (2024). Deciphering Multi-target Pharmacological Mechanism of Cucurbita pepo Seeds against Kidney Stones: Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach. Current Pharmaceutical Design.
38. Singh, S., & Dash, A. K. (2024). Physical Properties, Their Determination, and Importance in Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutics (pp. 67-113): Elsevier.
39. Zhang, M., Zhang, Q., Du, P., Chen, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Roles of vitamin K‑dependent protein in biomineralization. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 53(1), 1-12.
40. Zhang, Q., Wei, H., & Huang, G. (2024). CCL7 and olfactory transduction pathway activation play an important role in the formation of CaOx and CaP kidney stones. Frontiers in Genetics, 14, 1267545.
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Mar 27, 2024
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Shazia Parveen Solangi, Dr. Saba Shafique, Muhammad Usama, Dr Hatim Lokhandwala, Saw Paul Wai Htoo, & Herbi Yuliantoro. (2024). CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION OF KIDNEY STONES: A METHODOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION USING KAMLET AND FEIGL METHODS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 1776–1784. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5195
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Author Biographies
Shazia Parveen Solangi
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur
Dr. Saba Shafique
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Women Medical College Abbottabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Usama
Final Year MBBS Student, Al Nafees Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
Dr Hatim Lokhandwala
Clinical Research Coordinator in Avicenna Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, United States
Saw Paul Wai Htoo
Doctor, University of Medicine Yangon, Department of Family Practice, Myanmar
Herbi Yuliantoro
PhD Scholar (Chemistry), West Virginia University, West Virginia