BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF INDIGENOUS FISH SPECIES IN THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS OF DISTRICT SWABI, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
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Keywords
biodiversity analysis, district sawabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the diversity and distribution of freshwater fish in the districts of Sawabi, located in the northwest of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Sawabi is home to numerous streams and rivers between the Indus and Kabul rivers, making it an important area for fishing and farming. A total of 350 fish samples were collected from February to November 2021. Eight species were identified in Sawabi, including Oreochromis niloticus, Catla catla, Carassius gibelio, Tilapia sparmanii, Mystus seenghala, Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus rutilus, Tor tor, Hypopthalmichthys molitrix, and Dorosoma cepedianum. The results suggest that overfishing and water pollution are major factors affecting the survival and expansion of fish species in the area. To improve the fish populations in the rivers and streams, proper stocking and regulations to control overfishing and pollution are needed. The study found that the Cyprinidae family was the most dominant, with ten species identified in the experimental area. However, the number of Tilapia sparmanii and Hypopthalmichthys molitrix was found to be low due to pollution, toxic heavy metals, and other environmental factors that affect breeding and other activities of fish.
References
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3. Graham, J.B., Air-breathing fishes: evolution, diversity, and adaptation. 1997: Elsevier.
4. Pörtner, H.O., L. Peck, and G. Somero, Thermal limits and adaptation in marine Antarctic ectotherms: an integrative view. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2007. 362(1488): p. 2233-58.
5. Mason, J.G., et al., Projecting climate-driven shifts in demersal fish thermal habitat in Iceland's waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2021. 78(10): p. 3793-3804.
6. Why do some fish normally live in freshwater and others in saltwater? How can some fish adapt to both? 1998.
7. Winemiller, K.O., A.A. Agostinho, and É.P. Caramaschi, Fish ecology in tropical streams, in Tropical stream ecology. 2008, Elsevier. p. 107-III.
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9. Arias, M.E., et al., The flood pulse as the underlying driver of vegetation in the largest wetland and fishery of the Mekong Basin. Ambio, 2013. 42: p. 864-876.
10. Johns, T. and B.R. Sthapit, Biocultural diversity in the sustainability of developing-country food systems. Food and nutrition bulletin, 2004. 25(2): p. 143-155.
11. Alho, C.J., R.E. Reis, and P.P. Aquino, Amazonian freshwater habitats experiencing environmental and socioeconomic threats affecting subsistence fisheries. Ambio, 2015. 44(5): p. 412-25.
12. Sumaila, U.R. and T.C. Tai, End Overfishing and Increase the Resilience of the Ocean to Climate Change. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020. 7.
13. Ali, U., et al., Identification and distribution of fishes in fresh water of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology, 2020. 9: p. 2297-2304.
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Ashfaq Ahmad
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Huma Bahri
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Sidra Batool
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Rehmat Elahi
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Shahrukh Khan
Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar, KP/ Department of Fisheries, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Mamona faraz
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan,