THE DUAL INFLUENCE OF STIGMA AND RELIGION ON QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG INDIVIDUALS LIVING WITH HIV INFECTION
Main Article Content
Keywords
Stigma, religion coping, quality of life, HIV Infection.
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between HIV stigma, religious coping strategies, and quality of life in individuals living with HIV infection. A purposive sampling technique was used, and sample size (N = 125 with M = 32.12, SD =12.287) was calculated through an online G. Power calculator with a medium effect size on two-tailed with a 95 % confidence interval. A demographic information sheet, HIV Stigma scale, religious coping strategies questionnaire, and quality of life scale were used to collect the data. Reliability analysis showed that all measures have good to excellent levels of internal consistency. The results revealed a significant negative association between HIV stigma and quality of life, while religious coping strategies were positively related to quality of life. Personalized Stigma, religious coping, family system, and area were identified as predictors of quality of life. The findings have implications for understanding the cultural context in Pakistan. The study contributes to knowledge about factors affecting the quality of life of individuals living with HIV.
References
2. Aral, S., et al. (2011). Impact of HIV stigma on quality of life: A systematic review. AIDS, 25(14), 1805-1829.
3. Barik, S. K., Tripathy, S. P., Karunaianantham, R., Pattabiraman, S., Yadav, V. S., Singh, T. P., ... & Mohanty, K. K. (2021). A study of sociodemographic and clinical profiles of HIV-1 infected North Indian patients. medRxiv, 2021-03.
4. Bhardwaj, A., Comins, C. A., Guddera, V., Mcingana, M., Young, K., Phetlhu, R., ... & Schwartz, S. (2023). Prevalence of depression, syndemic factors and their impact on viral suppression among female sex workers living with HIV in eThekwini, South Africa. BMC women's health, 23(1), 1–10.
5. Bint-e-Saif, S., & Shahzad, S. (2020). Urdu translation and adaptation of the HIV stigma scale in Pakistani injectable drug users with HIV. JPMA, 2019.
6. Boucher, J. W., et al. (2018). Factors associated with quality of life among individuals living with HIV infection: A systematic review. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 29(3), 239-256.
7. Brown, L., Khan, A., & Ali, S. (2020). HIV stigma and quality of life: A cross-sectional study in Pakistan. Journal of AIDS and Behavior, 24(5), 1425–1436.
8. CDC. (2021). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/surveillance/hiv-aids-surveillance-report.html
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). HIV in the United States. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/statistics/index.html
10. Davis, A., Khan, A., & Johnson, S. (2021). The role of religious coping in quality of life among HIV positive individuals in Pakistan: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(2), 600–619.
11. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2020). HIV Surveillance in Europe, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hiv-surveillance-in-europe-2019
12. Gorman, M. J. (2017). Religious coping and health-related quality of life in individuals living with HIV. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 28(5), 495–500.
13. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (2017). HIV prevalence and incidence among adults aged 15-49, Pakistan, 2001-2017.
14. Johnson, S. (2019). The role of religious coping in the lives of HIV positive individuals in Pakistan: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(2), 395–409.
15. Kinnamon, D. D., et al. (2014). Religious coping and quality of life among individuals with HIV: A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 18(4), 790–802.
16. Korsholm, S. B., et al. (2009). Quality of life and coping strategies among individuals living with HIV in Denmark. AIDS Care, 21(7), 823-830.
17. Kumwenda, M. K., Kamkwamba, D. B., Chirwa, M. L., Kasoka, K., Taegtmeyer, M., Oraro-Lawrence, T., & Stackpool-Moore, L. (2023). Lived experiences of people living with HIV—A qualitative exploration on the manifestation, drivers, and effects of internalized HIV stigma within the Malawian context. Plos one, 18(4), e0284195.
18. Mpinga, K., Lee, S. D., Mwale, O., Kamwiyo, M., Nyirongo, R., Ruderman, T., ... & McBain, R. (2023). Prevalence and correlates of internalized stigma among adults with HIV and major depressive disorder in rural Malawi. AIDS care, 1–11.
19. National Institute of Health and Welfare. (2020). HIV/AIDS in Australia: Annual Surveillance Report 2020. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/hiv-aids/aids-in-australia-annual-surveillance-report-2020
20. New Zealand AIDS Foundation. (2020). HIV/AIDS in New Zealand: Annual Review. Retrieved from https://www.nzaf.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/HIV-Aids-in-New-Zealand-Annual-Review-2020.pdf
21. Parcesepe, A. M., Filiatreau, L. M., Gomez, A., Ebasone, P. V., Dzudie, A., Pence, B. W., ... & Nash, D. (2023). HIV-related stigma, social support, and symptoms of mental health disorders among people with HIV initiating HIV care in Cameroon. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 37(3), 146-154.
22. Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the scientific study of religion, 710-724.
23. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2020). HIV/AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Report. Retrieved from https://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/publications/2019/aids-sida-surveillance-report-2019-eng.php
24. Smith, J., Khan, A., & Ali, S. (2018). HIV stigma and its impact on access to HIV-related healthcare services in Pakistan. Journal of Psychology and Sexuality, 7(4), 39–53.
25. Smyth, C., et al. (2012). HIV stigma: A systematic review of its impact on psychological well-being, social support, and access to care. AIDS and Behavior, 16(6), 1457-1476.
26. The WHOQOL Group. (1998). The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science & Medicine, 46(12), 1569-1585.
27. UNAIDS. (2020). AIDSinfo: Statistics and Data 2020. Retrieved from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet
28. WHO. (2020). HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
29. WHOQOL Group. (1998). The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) assessment: Development and the international version. The WHOQOL Group.
30. World Health Organization. (2018). Estimates of the HIV epidemic in Pakistan: A systematic review. Retrieved from [insert link]
31. Zhang, Y., Chai, C., Xiong, J., Zhang, L., Zheng, J., Ning, Z., & Wang, Y. (2023). The impact of anxiety, depression, and social support on the relationship between HIV-related stigma and mental health-related quality of life among Chinese patients: a cross-sectional, moderate-mediation study. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 818.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Wahida Anjum
Assistant Professor, Lahore School of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore-Pakistan. [email protected]. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9709-2801
Prof. Dr. Arab Naz
Prof. Dr. Arab Naz, Dean Faculty of Social Sciences University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Ayesha Pervez
Lecturer/HOD, Centre for Well-being and Positive Psychology, Institute for Art and Culture, Lahore. [email protected]/
Mariam Khawar
Research Associate, Centre for Well-being and Positive Psychology, Institute for Art and Culture, Lahore.
Nimra Munawar
Lecturer, Lahore School of Behavioural Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore-Pakistan.