A REVIEW ON THE RELIABILITY OF HAND GRIP STRENGTH (HGS)AS NUTRITION SCREENING TOOL IN CANCER PATIENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
malnutrition, hand grip strength, nutrition assessment tools, undernutrition, nutritional status, grip strength, cancer treatment, physical function
Abstract
Hand grip strength (HGS) is a non-invasive , simple and inexpensive test that has been used to assess nutritional status among various populations, including cancer patients. Several studies have proved that HGS is inversely correlated with body weight, fat-free mass, and lean body mass among cancer patients. Additionally, a low HGS has been associated with increased risk of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life in cancer patients. However, the reliability of HGS as a nutrition screening tool in cancer patients is still being debated. All eighteen research studies were analysed , two studies from India presented low muscle strength among breast cancer and lung cancer patients. Thirteen studies involving large participants strongly recommend and validate the use of hand grip strength among cancer patients . Three studies tested the use of hand grip strength among the participants and concluded that low hand grip strength is an indicator for patient’s prognosis and mortality under cancer treatment. But only one study conducted among 63 participants in Japan among patients in Lenvatinib treated unresected hepatocellular carcinoma depicted that decreased grip strength was a poor prognostic factor among these patients. Some studies have found that HGS is a reliable and valid measure of nutritional status in cancer patients, while others have found that it is not. The variability in findings may be due to differences in study design, patient population, and methods used to measure HGS. Overall, the evidence suggests that HGS may be a useful tool for screening for malnutrition in cancer patients. However, more research is needed to determine its optimal use in this population as it provides a road map to develop strategies to improve muscle mass and test the effectiveness of nutrition intervention among cancer patients
References
2. Miller KD, Nogueira L, Mariotto AB, Rowland JH, Yabroff KR, Alfano CM, Jemal A, Kramer JL, Siegel RL. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2019;69(5):363–85.
3. Cohen S, Nathan JA, Goldberg AL. Muscle wasting in disease: molecular mechanisms and promising therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015;14:58-74.
4. Arends J, Bachmann P, Baracos V, Barthelemy N, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, et al. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36:11–48. pmid:27637832.
5. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:489–495.
6. Hagens ERC, Feenstra ML, van Egmond MA, van Laarhoven HWM, Hulshof M, Boshier PR, et al. Influence of body composition and muscle strength on outcomes after multimodal oesophageal cancer treatment. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020;11:756–767.
7. Mendes NP, Barros TA, Faria BS, Aguiar ES, Oliveira CA, Souza ECG, et al. Hand grip strength as predictor of undernutrition in hospitalized patients with cancer and a proposal of cut-off. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020;39:210–214.
8. Song M, Zhang Q, Tang M, Zhang X, Ruan G, Zhang X, Zhang K, Ge Y, Yang M, Li Q, Li X, Liu X, Li W, Cong M, Wang K, Song C, Shi H. Associations of low hand grip strength with 1 year mortality of cancer cachexia: A multicentre observational study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021;12:1489–1500.
9. Zhuang CL, Zhang FM, Li W, Wang KH, Xu HX, Song CH, Guo ZQ, Shi HP. Associations of low handgrip strength with cancer mortality: A multicentre observational study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020;11:1476–1486.
10. Rantanen T, Masaki K, Foley D, Izmirlian G, White L, Guralnik J. Grip strength changes over 27 yr in Japanese-American men. J Appl Phys 1998;85:2047–2053
11. rederiksen H, Hjelmborg J, Mortensen J, Mcgue M, Vaupel JW, Christensen K. Age trajectories of grip strength: cross-sectional and longitudinal data among 8,342 Danes aged 46 to 102. Ann Epidemiol 2006;16:554–562.
12. Sternäng O, Reynolds CA, Finkel D, Ernsth-Bravell M, Pedersen NL, Dahl Aslan AK. Factors associated with grip strength decline in older adults. Age Ageing 2014;44:269–274.
13. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 2018;48:16–31.
14. Celis-Morales CA, Welsh P, Lyall DM, Steell L, Petermann F, Anderson J, et al. Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer outcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK Biobank participants. BMJ 2018;361:k1651
15. Gale CR, Martyn CN, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Grip strength, body composition, and mortality. Int J Epidemiol 2006;36:228–235.
16. LJ. Palmer et al., UK Biobank: bank on it Lancet (2007)
17. R. Collins et al What makes UK Biobank special? Lancet (2012)
18. Cederholm, T.; Barazzoni, R.; Austin, P.; Ballmer, P.; Biolo, G.; Bischoff, S.C.; Compher, C.; Correia, I.; Higashiguchi, T.; Holst, M.; et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin. Nutr. 2017, 36, 49–64.
19. White, J.V.; Guenter, P.; Jensen, G.; Malone, A.; Schofield, M. Consensus statement: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). JPEN J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. 2012, 36, 275–283.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Edwina Raj
Quantum University , Roorkee , India
Himanshu Chaurasia
Quantum University , Roorkee , India
Shatakshi
Quantum University , Roorkee , India
Sachdev Meenakshi
Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India
Somashekhar S P
Aster International Institute of Oncology , Bengaluru, India
C N Patil
Aster International Institute of Oncology , Bengaluru, India